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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4933638A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-12
申请号：US368916
申请日：1989-06-19
申请人： Robert L. Kleinberg , Douglas D. Griffin , Masafumi Fukuhara , Abdurranhman Sezginer , Weng C. Chew , William E. Kenyon , Peter I. Day , Max Lipsicas
发明人： Robert L. Kleinberg , Douglas D. Griffin , Masafumi Fukuhara , Abdurranhman Sezginer , Weng C. Chew , William E. Kenyon , Peter I. Day , Max Lipsicas
CPC分类号： G01R33/341 , G01N24/081 , G01R33/3671 , G01R33/3808 , G01V3/32
摘要： Borehole NMR logging apparatus and methods, and methods for the interpretation thereof. A logging tool is provided which produces a strong, static and homogeneous magnetic field B.sub.0 in a Volume of an adjacent formation on one side of the tool to measure nuclear magnetic resonance characteristics thereof. In the preferred embodiment, the tool has an RF antenna mounted on the outside of the metal body of the tool, directing focussed oscillating magnetic fields B.sub.1 at said Volume to polarize or tip the magnetic moments of hydrogen nuclei of fluids within rock pores. The same antenna can be used to receive signals of proton precession in the Volume of interest immediately after transmission of the RF polarizing field B.sub.1. Extremely rapid damping of the antenna between the transmitting and receiving modes of operation is accomplished by a Q-switch disclosed herein. The invention provides for the direct measurement of NMR decay having transverse relaxation time T.sub.2 behavior, and further provides for the fast repetition of pulsed measurements from within a borehole. An additional magnet array may be mounted offset from the first magnet configuration to prepolarize a formation before it is measured in order to pre-align a larger number of protons than the single magnet configuration could do by itself. Additional features of the invention are disclosed which increase the Signal/Noise ratio of the measured data, and improve the quality and quantity of borehole NMR measurements, per unit of time spent. Disclosed interpretation methods determine fluid flow permeability and longitudinal relaxation time T.sub.1 -type parameters by directly comparing the measured decay signals (such as T.sub.2 and T.sub.2 * type decay) to a representation which responds to both the decay time t.sub.dec and the imposed polarization period prior to such decay, t.sub.pol. The parameters of amplitude and T.sub.1 are determined and combined with certain preferred methods to generate robust values of formation characteristics such as fluid flow permeability. Other related methods are disclosed.
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公开(公告)号：US5055787A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-08
申请号：US431368
申请日：1989-12-05
申请人： Robert L. Kleinberg , Douglas D. Griffin , Masafumi Fukuhara , Abdurrahman Sezginer , Weng C. Chew
发明人： Robert L. Kleinberg , Douglas D. Griffin , Masafumi Fukuhara , Abdurrahman Sezginer , Weng C. Chew
CPC分类号： G01V3/32 , G01N24/081 , G01R33/341 , G01R33/3808 , G01R33/3671 , G01R33/443 , G01R33/448
摘要： Borehole NMR logging apparatus and methods, and methods for the interpretation thereof. A logging tool is provided which produces a strong, static and homogeneous magnetic field B.sub.0 in a Volume of an adjacent formation on one side of the tool to measure nuclear magnetic resonance characteristics thereof. In the preferred embodiment, the tool has an RF antenna mounted on the outside of the metal body of the tool, directing focussed oscillating magnetic fields B.sub.1 at said Volume to polarize or tip the magnetic moments of hydrogen nuclei of fluids within rock pores. The same antenna can be used to receive signals of proton precession in the Volume of interest immediately after transmission of the RF polarizing field B.sub.1. Extremely rapid damping of the antenna between the transmitting and receiving modes of operation is accomplished by a Q-switch disclosed herein. The invention provides for the direct measurement of NMR decay having transverse relaxation time T.sub.2 behavior, and further provides for the fast repetition of pulsed measurements from within a borehole. An additional magnet array may be mounted offset from the first magnet configuration to prepolarize a formation before it is measured in order to pre-align a larger number of protons than the single magnet configuration could do by itself. Additional features of the invention are disclosed which increase the Signal/Noise ratio of the measured data, and improve the quality and quantity of borehole NMR measurements, per unit of time spent. Disclosed interpretation methods determine fluid flow permeability and longitudinal relaxation time T.sub.1 -type parameters by directly comparing the measured decay signals (such as T.sub.2 or T.sub.2 * type decay) to a representation which responds to both the decay time t.sub.dec and the imposed polarization period prior to such decay t.sub.poi. The parameters of amplitude and T.sub.1 are determined and combined with certain preferred methods to generate robust values of formation characteristics such as fluid flow permeability. Other related methods are disclosed.
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4739272A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-19
申请号：US616326
申请日：1984-05-31
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： A wall-engaging apparatus for microinductively investigating a characteristic of an earth formation traversed by a borehole comprises an antenna set mounted in an longitudinally elongated body adapted for a sliding engagement with the wall of the borehole. The antenna set includes a transmitter antenna mounted in the body for coupling electromagnetic energy into a formation; a receiver antenna for sensing a signal indicative of the characteristic; and at least one electroquasistatic shield element mounted coaxially with the magnetic dipole axis of the transmitter antenna. The electroquasistatic shield element comprises a sheet of conductive, non-magnetic material having a conductive center; a first annular band of narrow ray-like conductive segments, each of the conductive segments thereof integrally extending radially from the conductive center and being spaced from adjacent conductive segments by respective narrow radially-extending spaces originating in and traversing the first annular band; and preferably but not necessarily a second annular band of ray-like conductive segments, the conductive segments thereof integrally extending radially in pairs from a respective one of the conductive segment of the first annual band, and being spaced from adjacent pairs of conductive strips of the second annual band by respective longitudinal spaces originating in the first annular band and from one another by a narrow radially-extending space originating in and traversing the second annular band.
摘要翻译： 用于微观地研究由钻孔穿过的地层的特征的壁接合装置包括安装在适于与钻孔的壁滑动接合的纵向细长的主体中的天线组。 天线组包括安装在主体中的发射器天线，用于将电磁能耦合到地层中; 用于感测指示特征的信号的接收机天线; 以及与发射器天线的磁偶极轴同轴安装的至少一个电积屏蔽元件。 电气静电屏蔽元件包括具有导电中心的导电非磁性材料片; 窄的射线状导电段的第一环形带，每个导电段从导电中心径向整体延伸，并由相应的狭窄的径向延伸的空间与相邻的导电段间隔开，并且穿过第一环形带; 并且优选地但不一定是第二环形带状的射线状导电段，其导电段从第一年龄段的导电区段中相应的一个成对地成对延伸并且与第一年龄段的相邻的导电条带成对延伸 第二年度带由相应的纵向空间起始于第一环形带，并且彼此由狭窄的径向延伸的空间起源于并穿过第二环形带。
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公开(公告)号：US5153514A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-06
申请号：US657710
申请日：1991-02-19
CPC分类号： G01V3/32 , G01R33/34 , G01N24/081 , G01R33/3808
摘要： An apparatus is disclosed for investigating nuclear magnetic resonance properties of earth formations traversed by a borehole, including a logging device adapted for longitudinal movement in the borehole. The device includes a first subsystem for producing a static magnetic field in the formations and a second subsystem for transmitting electromagnetic energy into the formations and for detecting electromagnetic energy from the formations. The second subsystem comprises an antenna assembly which includes an open-ended shell formed of a magnetically permeable material. An open-ended electrically conductive body is disposed within the shell and is spaced therefrom. A medium whose acoustic impedance is substantially different than the acoustic impedance of the shell and the body is disposed between the shell and the body. An electrically conductive probe is disposed in the body, and an electrically insulating magnetically permeable loading material disposed in the body. The shell is formed of a material having a magnetic permeability that is high enough to render the magnetic reluctance of the loading material several times the magnetic reluctance of the shell. The body is formed of a metal having thickness that is at least several skin depths in said metal at the frequency of the electromagnetic energy and is less than the minimum thickness that would support an acoustic resonance mode in its thickness direction at the frequency of the electromagnetic energy. The apparatus provides a shunt path for the static magnetic field in the region of the antenna that would otherwise have a deleterious effect on the loading material of the antenna and on antenna operation. The apparatus also minimizes undesirable ringing of the antenna.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于研究由钻孔穿过的地层的核磁共振特性的装置，包括适于在钻孔中纵向移动的测井装置。 该装置包括用于在地层中产生静磁场的第一子系统和用于将电磁能量发射到地层中并用于检测来自地层的电磁能的第二子系统。 第二子系统包括天线组件，天线组件包括由导磁材料形成的开放式外壳。 开口导电体设置在壳体内并与壳体间隔开。 其声阻抗基本上不同于壳体和主体的声阻抗的介质设置在壳体与本体之间。 导电探针设置在体内，以及设置在体内的电绝缘的可渗透的负载材料。 外壳由具有足够高的磁导率的材料形成，使得装载材料的磁阻几倍于壳的磁阻。 主体由金属形成，其厚度在电磁能的频率处至少在所述金属中的几个深度深度，并且小于在电磁频率下支持其厚度方向的声共振模式的最小厚度 能源。 该装置为天线区域内的静态磁场提供分流路径，否则其将对天线的负载材料和天线操作产生有害影响。 该装置还使不期望的天线振铃最小化。
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公开(公告)号：US5055788A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-08
申请号：US431256
申请日：1989-12-05
CPC分类号： G01V3/32 , G01N24/081 , G01R33/341 , G01R33/3808 , G01R33/3671 , G01R33/443 , G01R33/448
摘要： Borehole NMR logging apparatus and methods, and methods for the interpretation thereof. A logging tool is provided which produces a strong, static and homogeneous magnetic field B.sub.0 in a Volume of an adjacent formation on one side of the tool to measure nuclear magnetic resonance characteristics thereof. In the preferred embodiment, the tool has an RF antenna mounted on the outside of the metal body of the tool, directing focussed oscillating magnetic fields B.sub.1 at said Volume to polarize or tip the Magnetic moments of hydrogen nuclei of fluids within rock pores. The same antenna can be used to receive signals of proton precession in the Volume of interest immediately after transmission of the RF polarizing field B.sub.1. Extremely rapid damping of the antenna between the transmitting and receiving modes of operation is accomplished by a Q-switch disclosed herein. The invention provides for the direct measurement of NMR decay having transverse relaxation time T.sub.2 behavior, and further provides for the fast repetition of pulsed measurements from within a borehole. An additional magnet array may be mounted offset from the first magnet configuration to prepolarize a formation before it is measured in order to pre-align a larger number of protons than the single magnet configuration could do by itself. Additional features of the invention are disclosed which increase the Signal/Noise ratio of the measured data, and improve the quality and quantity of borehole NMR measurements, per unit of time spent. Disclosed interpretation methods determine fluid flow permeability and longitudinal relaxation time T.sub.1 -type parameters by directly comparing the measured decay signals (such as T.sub.2 or T.sub.2 * type decay) to a representation which responds to both the decay time t.sub.dec and the imposed polarization period prior to such decay, t.sub.poi. The parameters of amplitude and T.sub.1 are determined and combined with certain preferred methods to generate robust values of the formation characteristics such as fluid flow permeability. Other related methods are disclosed.
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公开(公告)号：US5204568A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-20
申请号：US763988
申请日：1991-09-23
CPC分类号： F16C32/0444 , F16C32/0438 , G01V7/08
摘要： Superconducting bearings inhibit the excitation of modes in a superconducting force measuring instrument such as a superconducting gravimeter, and effecively damp such modes in the event they are excited. Excitation of modes is inhibited by magnetically and/or physically blocking orbital and rotational motions. Modes which are excited are efficiently damped, preferably by inducing eddy currents in lossy metal parts. These dissipative eddy currents remove energy from the motion, causing the motion to decay exponentially with time. A significant advantage of the bearing design is that the magnetic field of the bearing can be isolated from the main levitation system. This ensures that the bearing interferes minimally with the gravity measurement.
摘要翻译： 超导轴承可抑制超导力测量仪器（例如超导重力仪）中的模式激励，并且在激励情况下有效地抑制这些模式。 通过磁和/或物理阻挡轨道和旋转运动来抑制模式的激励。 激发的模式被有效地阻尼，优选地通过在有损金属部件中引起涡流。 这些耗散的涡流从运动中消除能量，导致运动随时间呈指数衰减。 轴承设计的一个显着优点是轴承的磁场可以与主悬浮系统隔离。 这样可确保轴承与重力测量最为相干。
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公开(公告)号：US06578405B2
公开(公告)日：2003-06-17
申请号：US09962063
申请日：2001-09-25
IPC分类号： G01N700
CPC分类号： G01V9/007 , E21B2043/0115 , G01N1/22 , G01N7/14 , G01N33/18
摘要： A method of detecting a marine gas seep that includes: deploying a local probe on or near the seafloor; producing bubbles in water near or within the local probe; detecting the bubbles; producing data indicating the relative concentration of dissolved gas in the water; and associating elevated dissolved gas concentrations with the presence of a nearby marine gas seep. Another aspect of the invention involves an apparatus configured to carry out the inventive method. Preferred embodiments of the invention utilize an ultrasonic transducer to both produce bubbles and detect them.
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公开(公告)号：US06758090B2
公开(公告)日：2004-07-06
申请号：US10206499
申请日：2002-07-26
IPC分类号： E21B4908
CPC分类号： E21B34/08 , E21B43/12 , E21B49/08 , E21B49/081 , G01N33/2823
摘要： The present invention discloses a method and apparatus to detect bubbles in a fluid sample to determine if gases are present, wherein an ultrasonic source is used and its properties monitored. Fluctuations in the ultrasonic source's electrical properties indicate the presence of bubbles/gas. Alternatively, the ultrasonic source may be used to cavitate the sample and induce the nucleation of bubbles. In such a system/method, bubbles may be detected by either (1) monitoring the ultrasonic source properties, (2) monitoring the compressibility of the sample, (3) monitoring the sample properties, including harmonics and subharmonics. The method and apparatus disclosed herein may be used in a borehole such as with a sampling means (including either a flowing sample or a stationary sample) or in a surface lab.
摘要翻译： 本发明公开了一种检测流体样品中气泡以确定是否存在气体的方法和装置，其中使用超声波源并监测其性质。 超声波源的电气特性的波动表明存在气泡/气体。 或者，可以使用超声波源来空化样品并引起气泡的成核。 在这种系统/方法中，可以通过（1）监测超声波源性质，（2）监测样品的压缩性，（3）监测样品性质，包括谐波和次谐波来检测气泡。 本文公开的方法和装置可以用于诸如采样装置（包括流动样品或固定样品）或表面实验室中的钻孔中。
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公开(公告)号：US06612171B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-02
申请号：US09630251
申请日：2000-08-01
IPC分类号： G01V704
摘要： A gravity measuring apparatus is provided comprising a gravitational force detector including a test mass and which produces measurements related to gravitational force exerted on the test mass, characterized in that the gravitational force detector is adapted for use downhole and includes a compensator to compensate for errors in measurements made whilst downhole. The compensator may comprise a guide rail along which the gravitational force detector is moveable over a calibrated distance. Where the test mass is biased toward an equilibrium position about which measurements are made.
摘要翻译： 提供一种重力测量装置，包括重力检测器，其包括测试质量块，并产生与施加在测试质量上的重力相关的测量值，其特征在于重力检测器适用于井下使用，并包括补偿器， 井下测量。 补偿器可以包括导轨，引导力检测器沿着导轨在校准距离上移动。 其中测试质量偏向于进行测量的平衡位置。
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10.发明授权Pulsed nuclear magnetism tool for formation evaluation while drilling including a shortened or truncated CPMG sequence 失效用于钻井时形成评估的脉冲核磁工具，包括缩短或截断的CPMG序列
公开(公告)号：US5705927A
公开(公告)日：1998-01-06
申请号：US623031
申请日：1996-03-28
IPC分类号： G01R33/383 , G01R33/44 , G01V3/32
CPC分类号： G01V3/32 , G01N24/081 , G01R33/383
摘要： The instruments of a pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) device are included in a drill collar for evaluating earth formations. The resulting tool makes NMR measurements while the formation is being drilled. Permanent magnets produce a static field in the earth formation. Shimming permanent magnets inside or outside the drill collar suppress the magnetic resonance of borehole fluids. The permanent magnets are manufactured from two magnetic materials, for example.
摘要翻译： 脉冲核磁共振（NMR）装置的仪器被包括在用于评估地层的钻铤中。 所得到的工具在钻探地层时进行NMR测量。 永磁体在地层中产生静电场。 在钻铤内部或外部固定永磁体可抑制井眼液体的磁共振。 永磁体例如由两种磁性材料制成。
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