公开(公告)号：US06256589B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-03

申请号：US09453530

申请日：1999-12-03

申请人： Marcos Antônio Gallotti Guimarães

发明人： Marcos Antônio Gallotti Guimarães

IPC分类号： G01V128

CPC分类号： G01V1/3861 ,  G01V1/36 ,  G01V2210/20 ,  G01V2210/50

摘要： A method is described for the measurement of multidirectional far-field source signatures from seismic surveys whereby a vertical cable acquisition technique is provided, vertical cable data are acquired, the proper receivers are specified to measure the signature, data are sorted into common selected receiver gathers CSRG, the direct wave within common receiver gather is properly windowed, the angles of each direct path are computed and the amplitude of the signatures is normalized, so as to obtain the multidirectional far-field signatures of the seismic source array having the same characteristics as those that generated the seismic reflections.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于测量来自地震勘测的多方向远场源签名的方法，由此提供垂直电缆采集技术，获取垂直电缆数据，指定适当的接收机来测量签名，数据被分类为常见的所选接收机集合 CSRG，公共接收机收集中的直接波被适当地加窗，计算每个直接路径的角度，并且将签名的幅度归一化，以获得具有相同特征的地震源阵列的多向远场签名 那些产生地震反射的那些。

公开(公告)号：US20010004727A1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-21

申请号：US09788840

申请日：2001-02-20

发明人： Allen L. Gilmer ,  Bob A. Hardage ,  James L. Simmons JR.

IPC分类号： G01V001/00

CPC分类号： G01V1/053 ,  G01V1/28 ,  G01V1/284 ,  G01V1/3808 ,  G01V2210/20

摘要： A system for, and method of, orienting seismic energy sources and seismic energy receivers to substantially separate a compressional wave from a vertical shear wave. The method includes reflecting a seismic energy from a subsurface interface to produce a reflected seismic energy wave that has a compressional energy and vertical shear energy associated therewith. A first seismic energy receiver is oriented such that it is aligned with an angle of emergence of the reflected seismic energy wave to thereby maximize the vertical shear energy received by a second seismic energy receiver.

摘要翻译： 地震能量源和地震能量接收器的系统和方法，用于将压缩波与垂直剪切波基本上分开。 该方法包括从地下界面反射地震能量以产生具有与之相关联的压缩能量和垂直剪切能的反射地震能量波。 第一地震能量接收器被定向成使得其与反射的地震能量波的出现角度对准，从而最大化由第二地震能量接收器接收的垂直剪切能量。

公开(公告)号：US6084825A

公开(公告)日：2000-07-04

申请号：US866623

申请日：1997-05-30

申请人： Elio Poggiagliolmi

发明人： Elio Poggiagliolmi

IPC分类号： G01V1/28 ,  G01V1/00

CPC分类号： G01V1/28 ,  G01V2200/14 ,  G01V2210/20

摘要： A method of determining an optimum processing sequence by calculation of processing sequence sensitivity and processing sequence error. A reference seismic processing sequence is applied to input raw gathers to obtain reference seismic output data. A series of test seismic processing sequences are applied to the input raw gathers to obtain test seismic output data. The RMS value of the test seismic output data is normalized to that of the reference seismic output data on a trace by trace basis. The normalized difference between the test and the reference seismic output data is calculated on a sample by sample basis in the time domain and are displayed on color coded plots in the time scale format over the CDP range. Linear regression is performed for each CMP gather to obtain the stack and the zero offset calculated for each time index and the difference is recorded. The normalized differences between the error for the test and the reference sequences are calculated and displayed on color coded plots. The order of sensitivity for each processing step in the reference processing sequence is determined. If necessary, any processing step is rejected and the reference processing sequence is revised.

摘要翻译： 通过计算处理序列灵敏度和处理序列误差确定最佳处理顺序的方法。 参考地震处理序列用于输入原始采集，以获得参考地震输出数据。 将一系列测试地震处理序列应用于输入的原始采集，以获得测试地震输出数据。 测试地震输出数据的RMS值通过跟踪基准跟踪参考地震输出数据的RMS值。 测试和参考地震输出数据之间的归一化差异是按时间范围内的样本进行计算的，并以CDP范围内的时间尺度格式的颜色编码图显示。 对于每个CMP集合执行线性回归以获得堆栈，并且针对每个时间索引计算零偏移量并且记录该差异。 计算出测试误差与参考序列之间的归一化差异，并将其显示在颜色编码图上。 确定参考处理序列中每个处理步骤的灵敏度顺序。 如果需要，任何处理步骤都被拒绝，参考处理顺序被修改。

公开(公告)号：US5784335A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-21

申请号：US601945

申请日：1996-02-15

申请人： Christian Deplante ,  Michel Revoy

发明人： Christian Deplante ,  Michel Revoy

IPC分类号： G01V1/28 ,  G01V1/38 ,  G01V1/34

CPC分类号： G01V1/28 ,  G01V2210/20

摘要： A method for making a 3-D cube of near traces from data acquired in a marine reflection seismic survey. A method for making a 3-D cube of near traces using at least one source (S.sub.1, S.sub.2) and a plurality of streamers (4 to 7) spaced from the source, each comprising receivers/recorders (R.sup.1.sub.4, R.sup.1.sub.5, R.sup.1.sub.6, R.sup.1.sub.7) as well as means for the space tracking of each source and each streamer, the image of the subsurface being produced in three dimensions with a system of X, Y, T axes in the form of a 3-D cube by assigning to each bin of a group of bins forming a group with a regular grid in an X,Y plane, a central trace represented at the center of said bin along the time axis (T), said method being characterized in that for each line navigated, said central trace is produced from at least a first recorded trace whose offset is as close as possible to a constant offset equal to the smallest offset common to at least the group of traces of the navigated line.

摘要翻译： 一种从海洋反射地震勘测中获取的数据制造近三维立方体的方法。 一种用于使用至少一个源（S1，S2）和与源间隔开的多个拖缆（4至7）来制造接近迹线的三维立方体的方法，每个源包括接收器/记录器（R14，R15，R16，R17 ）以及用于每个源和每个流送器的空间跟踪的装置，通过分配给每个仓，通过三维立方体的形式在三维中产生具有X，Y，T轴的系统的地下图像 一组在X，Y平面上形成具有规则网格的组的组，沿着时间轴（T）表示在所述仓的中心的中心轨迹，所述方法的特征在于，对于导航的每一行，所述中心 轨迹是从至少第一记录轨迹产生的，其偏移量尽可能接近等于至少导航线迹线组的最小偏移的常数偏移。

公开(公告)号：US5287328A

公开(公告)日：1994-02-15

申请号：US10097

申请日：1993-01-28

申请人： John E. Anderson ,  Michael A. Jervis ,  Robert G. Keys

发明人： John E. Anderson ,  Michael A. Jervis ,  Robert G. Keys

IPC分类号： G01V1/36

CPC分类号： G01V1/364 ,  G01V2210/20 ,  G01V2210/32

摘要： Recorded seismic traces are gathered into common offset groups. Within each group, the traces are arranged according to shot point number. Mean and standard deviations are determined for each trace. High frequency amplitude variations in the mean and standard deviations caused by variations in source strengths and receiver calibrations are removed to produce traces of low frequency amplitude variations representing subsurface geology or wave propagation effects.

摘要翻译： 记录的地震迹线被收集到共同的偏移组中。 在每组中，根据拍摄点数排列迹线。 每个迹线确定平均值和标准偏差。 去除由源极强度和接收器校准的变化引起的平均值和标准偏差中的高频振幅变化，以产生表示地下地质或波传播效应的低频振幅变化的迹线。

公开(公告)号：US5029145A

公开(公告)日：1991-07-02

申请号：US530039

申请日：1990-05-29

申请人： David Marsden ,  David E. Overton

发明人： David Marsden ,  David E. Overton

IPC分类号： G01V1/00 ,  G01V1/28

CPC分类号： G01V1/28 ,  G01V1/003 ,  G01V2210/20

摘要： A novel method of geophysical exploration is provided whereby shot points and receiver locations are positioned such that seismic data resulting therefrom can advantageously be processed employing 3-D processing techniques to obtain a better image of the earth's subsurface structure. In one embodiment, shot points, or alternatively, receiver locations are arranged along generally sawtooth or zig zag lines so that common midpoint bins of seismic signals include a generally uniform distribution of source-receiver pair azimuths. In another embodiment, both the shot points and receiver locations are arrayed along generally alternating, sawtooth or zig zag lines.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种新的地球物理勘探方法，其中射击点和接收器位置被定位成使得由其产生的地震数据可以有利地使用3-D处理技术来处理，以获得地球地下结构的更好的图像。 在一个实施例中，射击点或替代地，接收器位置沿着通常的锯齿形或之字形线布置，使得地震信号的公共中点箱包括源 - 接收器对方位角的大致均匀分布。 在另一个实施例中，射击点和接收器位置都沿着大致交替的锯齿形或锯齿形线排列。

公开(公告)号：US4926392A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-15

申请号：US143927

申请日：1988-01-14

申请人： George E. Handley ,  A. M. Moore ,  Robert E. Dickman

发明人： George E. Handley ,  A. M. Moore ,  Robert E. Dickman

IPC分类号： G01V1/28 ,  G01V1/37

CPC分类号： G01V1/37 ,  G01V1/28 ,  G01V2210/20

摘要： A method and apparatus for obtaining seismic vibrator reflection data is disclosed with a significant signal to noise ratio. The earth is sinusoidally vibrated with source vibrations linearly varying over time. The amplitudes of the reflections from the subsurface strata interfaces are sensed and multiplied by the amplitude of the source vibrations, resulting in a first representation of the product as a function of time. A second representation of the product is calculated in association with negative values of time, such that phase consistency between the two representations is maintained. The two representations are then mathematically combined, with values of zero associated with all other values of time. The two representations are then linearly transformed into a function of frequency, and loaded into an array for computer operation. An inverse Fourier transform is the performed on the combined representations as a function of frequency, resulting in a timedomain representation of the combined representations indicating the delay times between the source vibrations and the sensed reflections. After various mathematical steps, the waveform is displayed in a form adapted to geophysical analysis.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种获得地震振动器反射数据的方法和装置，具有显着的信噪比。 地球正弦振动，随着时间的推移线性变化。 来自地下层界面的反射振幅被感测并乘以源振动的振幅，导致乘积作为时间的函数的第一表示。 与时间的负值相关联地计算产品的第二表示，使得维持两个表示之间的相位一致性。 然后数学地组合两个表示，与所有其他时间值相关联的值为零。 然后将两个表示线性地转换成频率的函数，并将其加载到用于计算机操作的阵列中。 作为频率的函数对组合表示执行逆傅里叶变换，导致表示源振动和感测反射之间的延迟时间的组合表示的时域表示。 经过各种数学步骤后，波形以适合于地球物理分析的形式显示。

公开(公告)号：US4312050A

公开(公告)日：1982-01-19

申请号：US64168

申请日：1979-08-06

申请人： Robert C. Lucas

发明人： Robert C. Lucas

IPC分类号： G01V1/28

CPC分类号： G01V1/28 ,  G01V2210/20

摘要： An apparatus and method for improving seismic resolution involving the application of scaling factors to seismic data which compensate for amplitude decay as a function of time, frequency and source-to-receiver distance (position). Each seismic trace associated with a common source-to-receiver distance is first separated into a plurality of frequency band-limited component traces. A time-variant amplitude scale factor (or its equivalent) is generated for each component trace. These scale factors are then applied to the component trace thus compensating for amplitude decay of the component trace. Upon recombination of the component traces a multidimensional amplitude scaled (MIDAS) seismic trace is recovered. The apparatus and method are particularly useful in creating a high-frequency extension of the frequency bandwidth resulting in improved resolution upon further processing or display. The method can be implemented as part of the field procedure or during subsequent computer processing.

摘要翻译： 一种用于改善地震分辨率的装置和方法，其涉及对地震数据应用缩放因子，其作为时间，频率和源到接收机距离（位置）的函数来补偿幅度衰减。 与公共源 - 接收器距离相关联的每个地震迹线首先被分成多个频带限制分量迹线。 为每个组件轨迹生成时变幅度比例因子（或其等价物）。 然后将这些比例因子应用于分量迹线，从而补偿分量迹线的幅度衰减。 在元件迹线重新组合时，恢复多维幅度缩放（MIDAS）地震迹线。 该装置和方法在创建频率带宽的高频扩展时特别有用，导致在进一步处理或显示时提高分辨率。 该方法可以作为现场程序的一部分或在随后的计算机处理期间实现。

公开(公告)号：US3930145A

公开(公告)日：1975-12-30

申请号：US35807673

申请日：1973-05-07

申请人： GEOPHYSICAL SYSTEMS CORP

发明人： FORT J ROBERT ,  WESTPHAL JAMES A ,  DIX C HEWITT ,  JUILES DONALD R

IPC分类号： G01V1/28

CPC分类号： G01V1/28 ,  G01V2210/20

摘要： This abstract describes a system for acquisition of analog signals at a plurality of sensors, carrying these signals in goups of M channels to each of N spaced-apart array terminals, processing each signal in the array terminals by separately amplifying, adding to a shifting function of selected amplitude, axis-crossing-coding these sum signals and storing as single bit pulses, one for each channel, in a parallel-to-serial converter. Each of the converters in each of the array terminals are operatively connected in series and to an array controller, which also controls a disc magnetic recorder to run at constant speed. The disc generates a disc clock, and responsive to the disc clock the converters are read out in series as a sequential train of MN bits and stored on the disc. Successive samples at subsequent digitizing intervals are stored on the disc, to form a first record. Subsequent records are processed, coded and recorded, and composited with previous records on the disc. After a plurality of records have been composited the stacked series is read off the disc in demultiplexed form, and stored in a computer memory. The resulting traces are than processed by a computer and FFT box.

摘要翻译： 该摘要描述了一种用于在多个传感器处采集模拟信号的系统，将M个信道的这些信号携带到N个间隔开的阵列终端中的每一个，通过单独放大来处理阵列终端中的每个信号，添加到移位函数 选择的幅度，对这些和信号进行轴交叉编码，并且在并行到串行转换器中存储单个位脉冲，每个通道一个。 每个阵列端子中的每个转换器可操作地串联连接到阵列控制器，阵列控制器还控制盘式磁记录器以恒定速度运行。 光盘产生盘时钟，响应于盘时钟，转换器被串行地读出，作为连续的MN位列并存储在盘上。 随后的数字化间隔的连续样本被存储在盘上，以形成第一记录。 后续记录被处理，编码和记录，并与光盘上的先前记录进行合成。 在合成了多个记录之后，堆叠的系列以解复用形式从盘读出，并存储在计算机存储器中。 所得到的轨迹不是由计算机和FFT框处理。

公开(公告)号：US3576522A

公开(公告)日：1971-04-27

申请号：US3576522D

申请日：1966-08-01

申请人： CONTINENTAL OIL CO

发明人： DOTY WILLIAM E N ,  DUNSTER DONALD E ,  SULLIVAN DOUGLAS S

IPC分类号： G01V1/28

CPC分类号： G01V1/28 ,  G01V2210/20

摘要： Multitrace seismic data is analog velocity filtered to reject signals arriving at the detector array along undesired apparent velocity paths. The detected seismic signals are recorded on a magnetic medium and read out by means of two oppositely polarized read heads whose outputs are combined and applied to an attenuator and the resultant signals are thereafter summed. The read head spacing and signal attenuation are set in accordance with the spacing of the corresponding detector from the array center. Thus each trace is convolved with a two point operator which is dependent on detector offset. The summation signal includes only events which appear at the detector array along apparent velocity paths greater than a preselected value. The preselected value may be adjusted by varying the speed of the record medium.