摘要:
A method is provided for reducing film surface roughness in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) of dielectric films. The method may include removing dangling bonds from a film surface of a CVD dielectric film by a reactant. For reducing a surface roughness of a dielectric film, a further method may passivate a nonstoichiometric film surface of the dielectric film, or of a previous dielectric film, or of the dielectric film and of a previous dielectric film, by a reactant gas in the vapor environment. The dielectric film may include at least one out of the following group: ultraviolet light transparent Silicon Nitride (UVSIN), Silicon Rich Oxide (SRO), Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), Silicon Nitride (Si3N4), Phosphosilicate Glass (PSG), or Silicon Oxynitride (SiON) The reactant gas may include at least one out of the following group: Ammonia (NH3), Hydrogen (H2), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), or Oxygen (O2).
摘要:
A method and an apparatus for transmitting a single-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based ultra wideband (UWB) signal over a pipeline carrying a cable television broadcasting signal. The method includes transforming a multimedia signal transmitted from a multimedia device into a wireline UWB signal; transforming the wireline UWB signal into a single-band OFDM signal; and frequency-spreading the single-band OFDM signal according to a transmission rate. Thus, the apparatus can be robust to multi-path interference and extend transmission distance so as to increase transmission efficiency.