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公开(公告)号：US4322389A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-30
申请号：US171123
申请日：1980-07-22
申请人： Bruce K. Schmid
发明人： Bruce K. Schmid
摘要： Conversion of raw coal to distillate liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products by solvent liquefaction in the presence of molecular hydrogen employing recycle of mineral residue is commonly performed at a higher thermal efficiency than conversion of coal to pipeline gas in a gasification process employing partial oxidation and methanation reactions. The prior art has disclosed a combination coal liquefaction-gasification plant employing recycle of mineral residue to the liquefaction zone wherein all the normally solid dissolved coal not converted to liquid or gaseous products in the liquefaction zone is passed to a gasification zone for conversion to hydrogen. In the prior art plant the amount of normally solid dissolved coal passed to the gasification zone is just sufficient to enable the gasification zone to produce the entire process hydrogen requirement. An unexpected improvement in thermal efficiency has now been achieved by increasing the amount of normally solid dissolved coal from the liquefaction zone and passed to the gasification zone to an amount sufficient to enable the gasification zone to generate not only all of the hydrogen required by the liquefaction zone but also to produce synthesis gas, and adapting the plant to utilize all or a significant amount of this synthesis gas as fuel in the plant.
摘要翻译： 在使用矿物残渣循环的分子氢存在下，通过溶剂液化将原料煤转化为馏出液体和气态烃产物通常在采用部分氧化和甲烷化反应的气化过程中以更高的热效率进行煤转化为管道气体 。 现有技术公开了一种组合煤液化气化设备，其将矿物质残余物再循环到液化区，其中在液化区中未转化为液态或气态产物的所有通常为固体的溶解煤通过气化区转化为氢气。 在现有技术的设备中，通入气化区的通常为固体的溶解煤的量恰好足以使气化区产生整个工艺氢的需求。 现在通过增加来自液化区的常规固溶溶解煤的量并将其通入气化区达到足以使气化区不仅产生液化所需的所有氢气的量来实现热效率的出人意料的改善 并且还可以生产合成气，并使植物适应所有或大量的合成气作为植物中的燃料。
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公开(公告)号：US4230556A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-28
申请号：US970005
申请日：1978-12-15
申请人： Norman L. Carr , Bruce K. Schmid
发明人： Norman L. Carr , Bruce K. Schmid
摘要： In a coal liquefaction process the yield of liquid coal is increased with a concomitant decrease in the yield of normally solid dissolved coal by recycle of a product slurry containing mineral residue. In an integrated coal liquefaction-gasification process employing product slurry recycle wherein the net yield of normally solid dissolved coal from the liquefaction zone comprises the entire hydrocarbonaceous feed to the gasification zone, a moderate net yield of normally solid dissolved coal is conducive to an optimized efficiency for the integrated process. However, it is frequently difficult to perform the process at slurry recycle rates which are sufficiently low to be economically practicable because of a pumpability constraint on the solids level in the feed coal mixing vessel. In the present process, mechanical operability is improved and enhanced conversion of normally solid dissolved coal is achieved by passing a portion of the liquefaction zone product slurry through a hydroclone with the hydroclone overflow stream constituting a second recycle slurry. Deployment of the second recycle slurry accomplishes selective recycle of relatively small particles of mineral residue and tends to reduce the yield of normally solid dissolved coal without resorting to excessive recycle rates, contributing to optimized efficiency for the integrated process.
摘要翻译： 在煤液化过程中，液态煤的产量随着含有矿物残渣的产物浆料的再循环而随之降低常规固体溶解煤的产量而增加。 在采用产品浆料再循环的综合煤液化气化过程中，来自液化区的通常为固体的溶解煤的净产量包括到气化区的整个烃质进料，通常为固体溶解煤的中等净产率有利于优化的效率 用于整合过程。 然而，由于对进料煤混合容器中固体含量的可泵性限制，浆料再循环速率常常难以在经济上可行的淤浆再循环速率下进行。 在本方法中，机械可操作性得到改善，通常使液化区产物浆料的一部分通过构成第二再循环浆料的水力旋流器溢流产生的水力旋流器来实现正常固体溶解煤的转化。 第二再循环浆料的部署完成了相对较小的矿物残渣颗粒的选择性回收，并且倾向于降低常规固体溶解煤的产率，而不需要过多的循环利用率，有助于整合过程的最佳效率。
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公开(公告)号：US4222847A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-16
申请号：US969802
申请日：1978-12-15
申请人： Norman L. Carr , Bruce K. Schmid
发明人： Norman L. Carr , Bruce K. Schmid
摘要： In a coal liquefaction process including recycle of a product slurry comprising normally solid dissolved coal and mineral residue, the minimum slurry recycle rate is determined by a pumpability constraint on the solids level of the slurry contained in the feed coal mixing vessel. If the solids level in the feed coal mixing vessel rises above the constraint level, the slurry recycle rate must increase. For coals which generate a high mineral residue content, adequate dilution of the slurry in the feed coal mixing vessel requires the slurry recycle rate to rise to an economically impracticable level. In the present process, mechanical operability is improved and enhanced conversion of normally solid dissolved coal is achieved at a given constraint solids level by passing a portion of the liquefaction zone product slurry through a hydroclone with the hydroclone overflow stream constituting a second recycle slurry. Deployment of the second recycle slurry increases the proportion of relatively small more catalytically active particles of mineral residue within the process.
摘要翻译： 在包括通常为固体溶解的煤和矿物残渣的产物浆料的再循环的煤液化过程中，通过对包含在进料混合容器中的浆料的固体含量的可泵性约束来确定最小浆料循环速率。 如果进料煤混合容器中的固体含量高于约束水平，则浆料循环率必须增加。 对于产生高矿物残渣含量的煤，在进料煤混合容器中充分稀释浆料需要浆料循环率上升到经济上不切实际的水平。 在本方法中，机械可操作性得到改善，并且在给定的约束固体水平下，通过使一部分液化区产物浆料通过水力旋流器与构成第二再循环浆料的水力旋流器溢流产物，来实现正常固体溶解煤的转化。 第二再循环浆料的部署增加了该方法中矿物残余物的相对小的更具催化活性的颗粒的比例。
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14.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4222846A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-16
申请号：US969280
申请日：1978-12-13
申请人： Bruce K. Schmid
发明人： Bruce K. Schmid
摘要： A combination coal liquefaction-gasification-naphtha reforming process wherein the slurry containing substantially the entire yield of normally solid dissolved coal produced in the liquefaction zone comprises substantially the only hydrocarbonaceous feed for the gasification zone and wherein a portion of the naphtha produced in the liquefaction zone is passed through the reforming zone for conversion to gasoline with the remainder of the naphtha being burned as fuel within the process. The amount of hydrocarbonaceous material charged to the gasification zone is established so that the thermal efficiency of the process is substantially unaffected by changes in the ratio of naphtha passed through the reforming zone to naphtha burned as process fuel. The thermal efficiency of the process is maintained at a high level regardless of minor variations in normally solid dissolved coal yield by changing the ratio of naphtha passed through the reforming zone to naphtha burned as process fuel.
摘要翻译： 组合煤液化 - 气化 - 石脑油重整方法，其中包含在液化区中产生的基本上全部产生的常规固体溶解煤的浆料基本上仅包括用于气化区的烃类进料，并且其中在液化区产生的一部分石脑油 通过重整区转化为汽油，其余的石脑油作为燃料燃烧过程。 建立了装入气化区的含烃物质的量，使得该方法的热效率基本上不受通过重整区的石脑油与作为燃烧过程燃烧的石脑油的比例的变化的影响。 通过将通过重整区的石脑油的比例改变为燃烧的石脑油作为过程燃料，该方法的热效率保持在高水平，而不管通常的固体溶解煤产率的微小变化。
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公开(公告)号：US4189374A
公开(公告)日：1980-02-19
申请号：US969160
申请日：1978-12-13
CPC分类号： C10G1/065
摘要： A coal liquefaction process wherein a feed coal-solvent slurry is preheated in a thoroughly back-mixed preheater zone and then passed to a dissolver zone. Hot hydrogen is introduced to the process downstream from the preheater zone at or in advance of the dissolver zone and exothermic hydrocracking reactions occur in the dissolver zone. A dissolver zone effluent stream is passed through a vapor-liquid separator and separated hot dissolver vapor at process pressure is vented through the preheater zone wherein it is quenched to provide direct transfer to the preheater zone of the exothermic heat generated in the dissolver zone. The preheater zone is continuously vented to provide rapid removal of cooled vapor from the preheater zone and from the process, advantageously leaving an accumulation of liquid in the preheater zone boiling between the temperatures of the vapor-liquid separator and the preheater zone at process pressure. Venting of hot vapor generated in the exothermic dissolver zone through the preheater zone to accomplish direct internal heat exchange within the process requires continuous venting of cooled vapor from the preheater zone independently of removal of slurry from the preheater zone. Such independent venting of the preheating zone is feasible because of the introduction of hydrogen to the process downstream from the preheating zone.
摘要翻译： 一种煤液化方法，其中将进料煤溶剂浆料在完全回混的预热器区域中预热，然后通入溶解区。 在溶解区内或预先将热氢气引入到预热区下游的过程中，并且在溶解区中发生放热加氢裂化反应。 溶解区流出物流通过气 - 液分离器并且在处理压力下分离热溶解蒸汽通过预热器区域排出，其中它被骤冷以提供在预热器区域中在溶解区中产生的放热热的直接转移。 预热器区域被连续地排出以提供从预热器区域和从该方法快速去除冷却的蒸气，有利的是在处理压力下在蒸气 - 液体分离器和预热器区域的温度之间沸腾的预热器区域中的液体积聚。 通过预热器区域在放热溶解区中产生的热蒸气排出，以在该过程内实现直接的内部热交换，需要连续排出来自预热器区域的冷却蒸汽，而与预热器区域中的浆料的去除无关。 由于将氢引入到预热区下游的过程中，预热区的独立排气是可行的。
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