Abstract:
A system for electro-hydrodynamically extracting energy from wind includes an upstream collector that is biased at an electric potential and induces an electric field. An injector introduces a particle into the electric field. The wind drag on the particle is at least partially opposed by a force of the electric field on the particle. A sensor monitors an ambient atmospheric condition, and a controller changes a parameter of the injector in response to a change in the atmospheric condition.
Abstract:
Solid-state bonding technologies are combined with other solid-state consolidation techniques to create new processes, applications, and structures. One embodiment uses metal or plastic spraying techniques with the intention of only partially bonding the droplets to the substrate, while employing a secondary process such as ultrasonic and/or electrical resistance consolidation to achieve complete agglomeration and eliminate porosity. This opens new opportunities with regard to materials, powder types, applications, and automated machinery. Some examples of these hybrids and their applications are provided, however, along with the identification of other combinations.
Abstract:
In ultrasonic object consolidation, the location of the sonotrode may be independent, and selected (like other processing parameters such as amplitude, frequency, force, and speed), for optimum processing. According to one preferred embodiment, the improvement includes welding certain regions of the object multiple times. Alternatively or in conjunction with other steps, the method includes the act of selecting sonotrode position to minimize bulk motion of the object. The invention improves upon the existing art by optimizing the positioning of the sonotrode relative to the geometry. This may, for example, comprise independently positioning the horn to treat one or more features within a cross section of the object differently, or determining tape placement location and tacking the feedstock in advance of welding. The feedstock may be provided in any suitable form, including wires, tapes and dots.
Abstract:
Fibers and layers are co-applied using ultrasonic consolidation and providing steps and/or materials to maintain collimation of the fibers. According to one preferred embodiment the mechanism is a scrim. Alternatively the mechanism may include a material having one or more fibers under a foil layer. The mechanism may further include embedding a layer of fibers in a foil in a “tacking” process, and consolidating the result with an underlying substrate. Yet a further alternative includes interspersing metal fibers between reinforcing fibers. The reinforcing fibers may include SiC, B or Al2O3 fibers. A different preferred method of co-applying fiber and metal using ultrasonic consolidation, comprises the steps of alternating either an encapsulation material or another metal with optical, ceramic, shape-memory, or other fibers of interest, and encapsulating the result between layers of foil.
Abstract translation:使用超声波固结共同施加纤维和层,并提供步骤和/或材料以保持纤维的准直。 根据一个优选实施例,机构是稀松布。 或者,该机构可以包括在箔层下方具有一个或多个纤维的材料。 该机构可以进一步包括在“固定”过程中将一层纤维嵌入箔中,并将结果与底层基底固结。 另一种替代方案包括在增强纤维之间散布金属纤维。 增强纤维可以包括SiC,B或Al 2 O 3 N 3纤维。 使用超声波固结共同施加纤维和金属的不同优选方法包括以下步骤:将封装材料或另一种金属与光学,陶瓷,形状记忆或其它感兴趣的纤维交替,并将结果封装在箔层之间 。