公开(公告)号：US4612286A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-16

申请号：US633350

申请日：1984-07-23

申请人： Michael I. Sherman ,  Carl L. Elmore

发明人： Michael I. Sherman ,  Carl L. Elmore

IPC分类号： C12P7/06 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K13/00 ,  C12P7/04 ,  C02F3/00 ,  D21C11/00

CPC分类号： C13K13/002 ,  C12P7/06 ,  C13K1/02 ,  Y02E50/17 ,  Y10S435/911

摘要： A method of treating biomass having fermentable material is provided utilizing acid hydrolysis in a countercurrent diffusion treatment structure. By practicing the invention acid usage is minimized, pentose concentration in the hydrolysate solution is maximized, and ethanol, butanol, butanediol, and the alcohols can be produced without the input of any external energy whatsoever into the production method. Biomass is particlized and slurried, and then is continuously subjected to acid hydrolysis at temperature, acid concentration, and residence time conditions sufficient to effect hydrolysis of the hemicellulose in the biomass to effect separation of pentose and hexose sugars into a hydrolysate having insufficient furfural to substantially inhibit fermentation microorganism growth, while not substantially hydrolyzing the cellulose in the biomass. Fermentation of the pentose and hexose sugars in the hydrolysate may then be effected, and alcohol produced from the fermented pentose and hexose sugars utilizing conventional techniques. Hydrolysis is practiced in an upright diffusion vessel with countercurrent flow, the acid concentration being about 2 to 10%, the temperature in the vessel being about 120.degree. C. or less, the residence time of the biomass in the vessel being about 1 to 3 hours, the biomass solids to liquid ratio being about 20/100 to 40/100 on a volume basis, and the particle size of the biomass being about 1-4 mm.

摘要翻译： 利用逆向扩散处理结构中的酸水解提供处理具有可发酵材料的生物质的方法。 通过实施本发明，酸的使用最小化，水解产物溶液中的戊糖浓度最大化，并且可以生产乙醇，丁醇，丁二醇和醇，而无需在生产方法中输入任何外部能量。 生物质被雾化并浆化，然后在足以在生物质中进行半纤维素水解的温度，酸浓度和停留时间条件下连续进行酸水解，以使戊糖和己糖分解成具有不足糠醛的水解产物至基本上 抑制发酵微生物生长，同时基本不水解生物质中的纤维素。 然后在水解产物中发酵戊糖和己糖，然后利用常规技术从发酵的戊糖和己糖中产生醇。 在具有逆流流动的直立扩散容器中进行水解，酸浓度为约2至10％，容器中的温度为约120℃或更低，生物质在容器中的停留时间为约1至3 小时，生物质固体与液体之比约为体积的20/100至40/100，生物质的颗粒大小约为1-4毫米。

公开(公告)号：US4519446A

公开(公告)日：1985-05-28

申请号：US480752

申请日：1983-03-31

申请人： Carl L. Elmore ,  Ted M. Poulin ,  Mark D. Barrett

发明人： Carl L. Elmore ,  Ted M. Poulin ,  Mark D. Barrett

IPC分类号： F01K9/00 ,  F28B3/02 ,  F28F27/02

CPC分类号： F01K9/003 ,  F28B3/02 ,  Y10S165/092 ,  Y10S165/90

摘要： An assembly and method provide for the simultaneous heating of process inlet water from a clean water source, and condensing of a condensable gas using the process inlet water and a closed loop of condensing water. A plurality of pairs of condenser plates are disposed in an annular array in a vertical cylindrical vessel. First and second liquid inlets are disposed at the top of the vessel separated by a radially extending fixed baffle, and first and second liquid outlets are disposed at the bottom of the vessel separated by a radially extending fixed baffle. A condensable gas passes through the interiors of the pairs of condensing plates. Movable top and bottom baffles are rotatable through arcs to change the number of condensing plates operatively communicating the first liquid inlet with respect to the second liquid inlet, the liquid flowing between the first liquid inlet and outlet being always segregated from the liquid flowing between the second liquid inlet and outlet. The first inlet is connected up to a source of clean water, such as a river, and the movement of the baffles is adjusted in response to the temperature of the water in the river. The second liquid inlet and outlet may be operatively connected to a cooling tower, while the first liquid outlet may be connected to a paper pulp washing station.

摘要翻译： 组装和方法提供了从干净的水源同时加热工艺入口水，并使用过程入口水和冷凝水的闭环冷凝可冷凝气体。 多对电容器板以垂直圆柱形容器中的环形阵列设置。 第一和第二液体入口设置在由径向延伸的固定挡板隔开的容器的顶部，并且第一和第二液体出口设置在由径向延伸的固定挡板分隔的容器的底部。 可冷凝气体通过冷凝板对的内部。 可移动的顶部和底部挡板可旋转通过弧形以改变冷凝板的数量，该冷凝板将第一液体入口相对于第二液体入口可操作地连通，在第一液体入口和出口之间流动的液体总是与在第二液体入口和出口之间流动的液体分离 液体入口和出口。 第一个入口连接到诸如河流的清洁水源，并且响应于河中的水的温度调节挡板的运动。 第二液体入口和出口可以可操作地连接到冷却塔，而第一液体出口可连接到纸浆清洗站。

公开(公告)号：US4365974A

公开(公告)日：1982-12-28

申请号：US182314

申请日：1980-08-28

申请人： Carl L. Elmore ,  Erwin D. Funk ,  Ted M. Poulin

发明人： Carl L. Elmore ,  Erwin D. Funk ,  Ted M. Poulin

IPC分类号： C10F7/00 ,  C10J3/00

CPC分类号： C10F7/00 ,  Y10S435/813

摘要： Methane is produced from peat by solubilizing the phenolic polymers therein, and oxidizing the solute to produce short chain molecules. The short chain molecules are fermented to produce a gas that this scrubbed to remove CO.sub.2 to produce methane. Solubilizing takes place in a vertically oriented pressurized vessel that is circular in cross-section and divided into a number of regular vertically elongated compartments, each comprising a circular sector in cross-section, and extending the majority the height of the vessel. Slurried peat is fed into the top of one compartment while another compartment is being emptied from the bottom, the compartment being filled or emptied being progressively changed in response to rotation of a central shaft in the vessel. Oxidation of solubilized peat takes place in a structure that transports the solubilized peat in a substantially vertical wave path from an inlet to an outlet with oxygen being introduced at the bottoms of segments of the wave path, and CO.sub.2 being withdrawn from the tops of segments of the wave path while the solubilized peat is maintained at a pressure above atmospheric. Coolant is circulated around the wave path to remove the exothermic heat of reaction, and the coolant is flashed into steam used elsewhere in the process.

摘要翻译： 甲烷由泥炭生成，通过溶解酚醛聚合物，氧化溶质产生短链分子。 短链分子被发酵以产生气体，其被擦洗以除去CO 2以产生甲烷。 溶解在垂直取向的加压容器中进行，该加压容器的横截面为圆形，并分成多个规则的垂直细长的隔室，每个隔室包括横截面的圆形扇形部分，并延伸容器的大部分高度。 泥浆泥浆被送入一个隔间的顶部，而另一个隔室从底部排空，被填充或排空的隔室响应于容器中的中心轴的旋转而逐渐变化。 溶解的泥炭的氧化发生在将溶解的泥炭在从入口到出口的基本上垂直的波道中输送的结构中，氧气被引入波浪段的段的底部，并且CO 2从 当溶解的泥炭保持在高于大气压的压力下的波道。 冷却剂在波纹路径周围循环，以消除反应的放热反应，并且将冷却剂闪蒸成该过程中其他地方使用的蒸汽。