摘要:
A novel tolan type liquid crystal compound having a large optical anisotropy value, a high N-I transistion temperature and also a low viscosity, and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which compound is a 4-(trans-4"-alkylcyclohexyl-1"-ethyl)-3',4'-substituted- or 4-(trans-4"-alkylcyclohexyl-1'-ethyl)-4'-substituted-tolan expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R' represents an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, X' represents a halogen atom of F, Cl or Br and X" represents hydrogen atom or a halogen atom of F, Cl or Br.
摘要:
A novel bipyrimidinyl derivative which is superior in practical properties and useful as a high temperature liquid crystal component constituting a physically and chemically stable liquid crystal composition is provided, which bipyrimidinyl derivative is a 2,5'-disubstituted-5,2'-bipyrimidinyl expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## X represents a halogen atom of F, Cl or Br or cyano group or an alkyl group or an alkoxy group each having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group each having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
摘要:
A dicyclohexylethylene derivative is disclosed which has the formula, ##STR1## where R is a straight chain alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, X is hydrogen or fluorine, m is 1 or 2, n is 0 or 1, and indicates that a substituent at the 1-position of the cyclohexane ring and a substituent at the 4-position thereof are at a trans configuration. A liquid crystal composition comprises at least one of the dicyclohexylethylene derivatives of the formula [I] above.
摘要:
Ester compounds having a pyrimidine ring, using as their raw material, substituted pyrimidinols in place of expensive p-substituted phenols, and also useful as a material for liquid crystal display elements are provided which esters are expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl or alkoxy group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; X represents a halogen atom of F, Cl or Br, cyano group or an alkyl or alkoxy group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; ##STR2## represents ##STR3## and n is 0 or 1.
摘要:
A novel tolan derivative compound as a liquid crystal substance having a low viscosity and a good compatibility with existing liquid crystals at low temperatures in addition to a large optical anisotropy value and a high clearing point, and a liquid crystal mixture containing the above compound are provided, which compound is expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, X represents --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- and A represents an H atom or an F atom.
摘要:
A liquid crystal substance having a large optical anisotropy value, a low viscosity and a superior compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds at low temperatures and also raising the degree of choice of liquid crystal materials and a liquid crystal composition containing the above substance are provided, which substance is a 4-(trans-4-alkylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorotolan expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
摘要:
A cyclohexane derivative having a low viscosity, a broad nematic phase temperature range, a good compatibility with other liquid crystal components even at low temperatures and a large positive dielectric anisotropy value, and a liquid crystal composition containing the cyclohexane derivative are provided, which cyclohexane derivative is expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group of 1-10 C and A represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom of F, Cl or Br or a cyano group.
摘要:
A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell module for generating electrical energy by electrochemical reactions of a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas, and a condenser for condensing water vapor in an exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell module by heat exchange between the exhaust gas and a coolant to collect the condensed water and supplying the collected condensed water to the fuel cell module. The condenser includes an air cooling condenser using the oxygen-containing gas as the coolant and a water cooling condenser using hot water stored in a hot water tank as the coolant. A thermoelectric conversion mechanism for performing thermoelectric conversion by a temperature difference between the exhaust gas and the oxygen-containing gas is provided between the air cooling condenser and the water cooling condenser.
摘要:
A fuel cell module includes a fuel cell stack, a partial oxidation reformer for reforming a mixed gas of a raw fuel and an oxygen-containing gas, an exhaust gas combustor for combusting a fuel exhaust gas and an oxygen-containing exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack thereby to produce a combustion gas, and a heat exchanger for raising the temperature of the oxygen-containing gas by heat exchange with the combustion gas. The heat exchanger is provided on one side of the fuel cell stack, and the partial oxidation reformer and the exhaust gas combustor are provided on the other side of the fuel cell stack. The partial oxidation reformer is provided so as to surround the exhaust gas combustor.
摘要:
A catalyst particle is composed of an inner particle and an outermost layer that includes platinum and covers the inner particle. The inner particle includes on at least a surface thereof a first oxide having an oxygen defect.