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公开(公告)号：US4648263A
公开(公告)日：1987-03-10
申请号：US806774
申请日：1985-12-09
申请人： Asoke K. Deysarkar , James D. Allen
发明人： Asoke K. Deysarkar , James D. Allen
IPC分类号： G01N11/14
CPC分类号： G01N11/14
摘要： A cylindrical support and centering device for a sensitive viscometer comprises a hollow cylindrical support member open at opposite ends. The viscometer is supported on the upper end with its cylindrical pivot housing slip-fitted into the upper end in snug contact with an inner cylindrical surface of the support. The pivot housing either rests against an annular stop surface formed below the cylindrical surface or is supported by contact of the viscometer with the upper end. The lower end of the support is dimensioned to snugly engage the outer cylindrical surface of the stator so that the longitudinal axis of the stator is coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the rotor for precise centering.
摘要翻译： 用于敏感粘度计的圆柱形支撑和定心装置包括在相对端开口的中空圆柱形支撑构件。 粘度计支撑在上端，其圆柱形枢轴外壳滑入上端，与支撑件的内圆柱表面贴合接触。 枢轴壳体或者靠在形成在圆柱形表面下方的环形止动表面上，或者通过粘度计与上端的接触来支撑。 支撑件的下端的尺寸被设计成紧密地接合定子的外圆柱形表面，使得定子的纵向轴线与转子的纵向轴线同轴，用于精确对中。
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公开(公告)号：US4450069A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-22
申请号：US300450
申请日：1981-09-08
摘要： There is disclosed a method for upgrading of hydrocarbon mixtures, so as to reduce their content of gum precursors such as diolefins and pseudo-diolefins, and provide a resulting product mixture suitable for mild hydrogenation, for use as a motor fuel or as a feed stock to an extraction unit. The process comprises obtaining a hydrocarbon mixture containing about 60-90 wt. % of aromatic components, about 3-40 wt. % of dienes and pseudodienes, and monoolefins, and up to about 6 wt. % of relatively unreactive organic compounds, reacting this mixture with elemental sulfur in the approximate weight ratio of about 5-95 wt. % of the hydrocarbon mixture with about 95-5 wt. % of elemental sulfur, the reaction being carried out at a temperature in the range of 100.degree.-150.degree. C. for about 10 minutes to 24 hours with good mixing, removing the unreacted materials by distillation and separating a sulfur-hydrocarbon reaction product to provide the upgraded hydrocarbon mixture.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于升级烃混合物的方法，以便降低它们的胶体前体如二烯烃和假二烯烃的含量，并提供适用于轻度氢化的所得产物混合物，用作马达燃料或作为原料 到提取单元。 该方法包括获得含有约60-90wt。 ％的芳族组分，约3-40wt。 ％的二烯和假二烯，和单烯烃，以及最多约6wt。 ％的相对不反应的有机化合物，使该混合物与元素硫以约5-95wt。 ％的烃混合物具有约95-5wt。 ％的元素硫，反应在100-150℃的温度下进行约10分钟至24小时，混合均匀，通过蒸馏除去未反应的物质，并将硫烃反应产物分离成 提供升级的碳氢化合物混合物。
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公开(公告)号：US4393030A
公开(公告)日：1983-07-12
申请号：US338998
申请日：1982-01-12
摘要： Phosphate is upgraded to remove slimes therefrom by a process which comprises the steps of:(a) contacting the phosphate ore with a phosphoric acid solution having a concentration of about 1 to 20 weight percent in a desliming unit for a sufficient time to form a suspension containing the slimes and the calcium and phosphate components;(b) passing said suspension through a solids separator to separate deslimed phosphate ore from the slime suspension and recovering the deslimed phosphate ore;(c) removing the slime suspension to a separator to separate the slime solids from the filtrate liquids; and(d) recycling the filtrate liquids to the desliming unit to provide at least a portion of the phosphoric acid solution.
摘要翻译： 磷酸盐被提升以通过一种方法从其中除去泥浆，其方法包括以下步骤：（a）在脱泥单元中使磷酸盐矿石与浓度为约1至20重量％的磷酸溶液接触足够的时间以形成悬浮液 含有泥土和钙和磷酸盐成分; （b）使所述悬浮液通过固体分离器，以将沉淀的磷酸盐矿石与粘泥悬浮液分离，并回收脱矿磷酸盐矿石; （c）将粘泥悬浮液除去到分离器以将泥状固体与滤液液体分离; 和（d）将滤液循环到脱浆单元以提供至少一部分磷酸溶液。
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公开(公告)号：US4387167A
公开(公告)日：1983-06-07
申请号：US296176
申请日：1981-08-25
摘要： A novel sulfur-based adduct formed by reacting sulfur with a diene-containing by-product hydrocarbon mixture available from petrochemical operations and/or from coal processing. The adduct is a reaction product of sulfur and each of the dienes contained in the by-product mixture. Also disclosed is a road surface composition containing this adduct as an asphalt extender or as a replacement for asphalt, and there are also disclosed other compositions containing this adduct such as sulfur cements, sulfur concretes, coatings, foams, structural materials and insulators.
摘要翻译： 通过使硫与含石油化学操作和/或来自煤加工的二烯烃副产物烃混合物反应而形成的新的硫基加合物。 加合物是副产物混合物中所含的硫与二烯的反应产物。 还公开了含有作为沥青增量剂的该加合物或作为沥青的替代物的路面组合物，并且还公开了含有该加合物的其它组合物，例如硫磺水泥，硫磺混凝土，涂料，泡沫，结构材料和绝缘体。
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公开(公告)号：US4371512A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-01
申请号：US231361
申请日：1981-02-03
摘要： Alkali metal sulfates are produced from an aqueous solution containing alkali metal hydrogen sulfate which comprises contacting the aqueous solution of alkali metal hydrogen sulfate with a hydrophilic solvent, the hydrophilic solvent being effective to extract at least a portion of the sulfuric acid formed as the alkali metal hydrogen sulfate is converted to alkali metal sulfate in the solution, together with at least a portion of the water present; permitting the alkali metal sulfate solid to crystallize; and recovering the solid alkali metal sulfate product. The hydrophilic solvent may then be extracted and separated from the sulfuric acid with a hydrophobic solvent and both solvents can be recovered and recycled.
摘要翻译： 碱金属硫酸盐由含有碱金属硫酸氢盐的水溶液制备，其包括使碱金属硫酸氢盐的水溶液与亲水性溶剂接触，所述亲水溶剂有效提取至少一部分形成为碱金属的硫酸 硫酸氢盐与溶液中的至少一部分水一起转化为溶液中的碱金属硫酸盐; 允许碱金属硫酸盐固体结晶; 并回收固体碱金属硫酸盐产物。 然后可以用疏水性溶剂将亲水性溶剂萃取并与硫酸分离，并且可以回收和再循环两种溶剂。
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公开(公告)号：US4191734A
公开(公告)日：1980-03-04
申请号：US888038
申请日：1978-03-20
IPC分类号： C01B25/225 , C01B25/237 , C01B25/30 , C05B11/08 , C01B25/22
CPC分类号： C01B25/303 , C01B25/225 , C01B25/2375 , C05B11/08
摘要： Substantially fluoride-free phosphoric acid is produced by the acidulation of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid wherein the acidulation reaction is conducted in the presence of added potassium as K.sub.2 O bearing compounds, e.g. KHSO.sub.4, K.sub.2 SO.sub.4, KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 or KOH, and additional silica, to precipitate fluorides and silica as potassium silicofluoride and then removed on separation of the gypsum formed. Optionally, additional silica may be added to the phosphoric acid solution recovered after precipitation and removal of the gypsum, to precipitate additional fluoride as potassium silicofluoride to further purify the phosphoric acid. In a further embodiment sufficient potassium may be added along with additional silica in the acidulation step to produce potassium dihydrogen phosphate and phosphoric acid as additional products. The phosphoric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are recovered substantially free from fluoride contamination and the reaction is carried out in the substantial absence of fluorine evolution into the atmosphere. Also disclosed is a process for conducting a conventional phosphoric acid facility to produce phosphoric acid and gypsum wherein defluorination of the phosphoric acid recovered is achieved by silicon dioxide and K.sub.2 O addition and the fluorides are removed from the system, the process including steps for production of pure phosphoric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
摘要翻译： 通过用硫酸酸化磷酸盐岩产生基本上不含氟化物的磷酸，其中酸化反应在加入的K 2存在下作为带有K2O的化合物，例如， KHSO 4，K 2 SO 4，KH 2 PO 4或KOH和另外的二氧化硅，以氟硅酸钠和二氧化硅的形式沉淀，然后在形成的石膏分离后除去。 任选地，可以在沉淀和除去石膏之后回收的磷酸溶液中加入另外的二氧化硅，以沉淀另外的氟化硅作为氟硅酸钾以进一步纯化磷酸。 在进一步的实施方案中，在酸化步骤中可以连同另外的二氧化硅一起加入足量的钾，以产生磷酸二氢钾和磷酸作为附加产物。 基本上没有氟化物污染物回收磷酸和磷酸二氢钾，并且基本上没有氟进入大气中进行反应。 还公开了一种用于进行常规磷酸设备来生产磷酸和石膏的方法，其中通过二氧化硅和K 2 O添加实现回收的磷酸的脱氟，并且从体系中除去氟化物，该方法包括生产纯的 磷酸和磷酸二氢钾。
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公开(公告)号：US4160657A
公开(公告)日：1979-07-10
申请号：US930147
申请日：1978-08-02
申请人： Erhart K. Drechsel
发明人： Erhart K. Drechsel
IPC分类号： C05B11/10
摘要： Monocalcium phosphate, phosphoric acid and/or potassium phosphate containing fertilizers are produced in a process involving acidulation of phosphate rock with phophoric acid in the presence of added silicon dioxide and potassium ion whereby fluorides contained in the rock are converted to K.sub.2 SiF.sub.6, wherein monocalcium phosphate dissolved in phosphoric acid is formed during acidulation. In an important feature, the K.sub.2 SiF.sub.6 is separated and hydrolyzed to regenerate the K.sub.2 O from K.sub.2 SiF.sub.6 as recycled KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 /H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 solution for further reaction with fluoride from fresh phosphate rock feed. A portion of the MCP/H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 solution and/or crystallized monocalcium phosphate can then be reacted with potassium sulfate, potassium bisulfate, or mixtures thereof, to form KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4, or KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 /H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 solutions, and gypsum. In a closely related embodiment, the remaining MCP/H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 solution is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce phosphoric acid product and/or the recycle phosphoric acid required in the phosphate rock acidulation step.
摘要翻译： 磷酸二钙，磷酸和/或磷酸钾的肥料是在添加二氧化硅和钾离子的存在下，用磷酸酸化磷酸盐岩的方法生产的，由此将岩石中所含的氟化物转化为K 2 SiF 6，其中磷酸一钙溶解 在酸化期间形成磷酸。 在一个重要的特征中，K2SiF6被分离并水解，从K2SiF6中再生K2O，作为循环的KH 2 PO 4 / H 3 PO 4溶液，与来自新鲜磷酸盐岩石料的氟化物进一步反应。 然后可以将一部分MCP / H 3 PO 4溶液和/或结晶的一磷酸钙与硫酸钾，硫酸氢钾或其混合物反应，以形成KH 2 PO 4或KH 2 PO 4 / H 3 PO 4溶液和石膏。 在紧密相关的实施方案中，剩余的MCP / H 3 PO 4溶液与硫酸反应以产生磷酸盐酸化步骤中所需的磷酸产物和/或再循环磷酸。
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38.发明授权Method of producing phosphoric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate from phosphate rock in the substantial absence of fluorine evolution 失效在大量不存在氟析出的情况下，从磷酸盐岩生产磷酸和磷酸二氢钾的方法
公开(公告)号：US4105748A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-08
申请号：US785772
申请日：1977-04-07
IPC分类号： C01B25/222 , C01B25/225 , C01B25/237 , C01B25/30 , C05B11/08 , C01B25/16
CPC分类号： C05B11/08 , C01B25/225 , C01B25/2375 , C01B25/303
摘要： Substantially fluoride-free phosphoric acid is produced by the acidulation of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid wherein the acidulation reaction is conducted in the presence of added potassium as K.sub.2 O bearing compounds, e.g. KHSO.sub.4, K.sub.2 SO.sub.4, KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 or KOH, and additional silica, to precipitate fluorides and silica as potassium silicofluoride and then removed on separation of the gypsum formed. Optionally, additional silica may be added to the phosphoric acid solution recovered after precipitation and removal of the gypsum, to precipitate additional fluoride as potassium silicofluoride to further purify the phosphoric acid. In a further embodiment sufficient potassium may be added along with additional silica in the acidulation step to produce potassium dihydrogen phosphate and phosphoric acid as additional products. The phosphoric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are recovered substantially free from fluoride contamination and the reaction is carried out in the substantial absence of fluorine evolution into the atmosphere. Also disclosed is a process for conducting aconventional phosphoric acid facility to produce phosphoric acid and gypsum wherein defluorination of the phosphoric acid recovered is achieved by silicon dioxide and K.sub.2 O addition and the fluorides are removed from the system, the process including steps for production of pure phosphoric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
摘要翻译： 通过用硫酸酸化磷酸盐岩产生基本上不含氟化物的磷酸，其中酸化反应在加入的K 2存在下作为带有K2O的化合物，例如， KHSO 4，K 2 SO 4，KH 2 PO 4或KOH和另外的二氧化硅，以氟硅酸钠和二氧化硅的形式沉淀，然后在形成的石膏分离后除去。 任选地，可以在沉淀和除去石膏之后回收的磷酸溶液中加入另外的二氧化硅，以沉淀另外的氟化硅作为氟硅酸钾以进一步纯化磷酸。 在进一步的实施方案中，在酸化步骤中可以连同另外的二氧化硅一起加入足量的钾，以产生磷酸二氢钾和磷酸作为附加产物。 基本上没有氟化物污染物回收磷酸和磷酸二氢钾，并且基本上没有氟进入大气中进行反应。 还公开了一种用于进行常规磷酸设备以生产磷酸和石膏的方法，其中通过二氧化硅和K 2 O添加实现回收的磷酸的脱氟，并且从体系中除去氟化物，该方法包括生产纯磷酸的步骤 酸和磷酸二氢钾。
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公开(公告)号：US4060586A
公开(公告)日：1977-11-29
申请号：US696289
申请日：1976-06-15
CPC分类号： C01F11/46 , C01B25/22 , C01B33/103
摘要： In a process for the reaction of phosphate rock and sulfuric acid in the presence of potassium ion to form a mixture of phosphoric acid and a precipitated gypsum wherein the presence of the potassium ion causes precipitation of fluorides from the phosphate rock as potassium silicofluoride as a coprecipitate with the gypsum, and the phosphoric acid is separated from the gypsum slurry, the potassium silicofluoride is separated from the gypsum by extraction with phosphoric acid which may contain from 0-25 weight percent of sulfuric acid based on the amount of gypsum to be extracted or such phosphoric acid which may contain some fluorine. This extraction procedure provides a substantially fluoride-free gypsum product and an extraction solution containing recoverable potassium silicofluoride.
摘要翻译： 在磷酸盐岩和硫酸在钾离子存在下反应的过程中，形成磷酸和沉淀的石膏的混合物，其中钾离子的存在导致氟化磷从磷酸盐岩中析出，作为共沉淀物 与石膏分离，磷酸与石膏浆料分离，通过用可能含有0-25重量％硫酸的磷酸提取石灰石与石膏分离，基于待提取的石膏的量， 这种磷酸可以含有一些氟。 该提取方法提供了基本上不含氟化物的石膏产品和含有可回收的氟硅烷的提取溶液。
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公开(公告)号：US4045543A
公开(公告)日：1977-08-30
申请号：US630954
申请日：1975-11-12
申请人： John B. Sardisco
发明人： John B. Sardisco
摘要： Potassium sulfate (K.sub.2 SO.sub.4) is prepared by reaction of potassium chloride and sulfuric acid in an aqueous medium by initially removing evolved HCl in the gaseous form at temperatures of about 65.degree.-120.degree. C., then removing the remaining HCl as an HCl/water azeotrope at temperatures of about 90.degree. to 110.degree. C., restoring to the reaction mixture the amount of water removed with the azeotrope, and permitting the potassium sulfate to crystallize from the solution.
摘要翻译： 通过氯化钾和硫酸在水性介质中的反应制备硫酸钾（K 2 SO 4），首先在约65-120℃的温度下，以气态形式去除放出的HCl，然后以HCl /水的形式除去剩余的HCl 共沸物，在约90℃至110℃的温度下，向反应混合物中恢复用共沸物除去的水量，并允许硫酸钾从溶液中结晶。
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