Abstract:
A catalytic slurry hydroconversion process for producing normally liquid hydrocarbons from a heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil and from coal is performed in at least two stages in series. The heavy oil is introduced into the first hydroconversion stage and the coal is introduced into any of the hydroconversion stages other than the first stage.
Abstract:
A process for catalytically hydroconverting coal to produce coal liquids is effected by forming a mixture of an oil soluble metal compound, a hydrogen donor solvent and coal, converting the compound to a catalyst within said mixture and reacting the mixture with hydrogen. The recovered hydrogen donor solvent may be recycled to the hydroconversion zone without intervening hydrogenation. Preferred compounds are molybdenum compounds.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a catalytic process for hydroconverting heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks to lower boiling products wherein a catalyst precursor concentrate or catalyst concentrate is first prepared in a heavy oil medium then fed to a hydroconversion zone which may also contain a supported hydrotreating catalyst. The hydroconversion zone may be operated in either slurry or ebullating bed mode.
Abstract:
A method of reducing the concentration of metal contaminants, such as vanadium and nickel, in a petroleum distillate or other hydrocarbonaceous liquid is disclosed. The method comprises demetallizing the distillate over an activated-carbon supported vanadium catalyst.
Abstract:
A catalyst is prepared by adding a water soluble aliphatic polyhydroxy compound such as a polyhydroxy alcohol or a carbohydrate (e.g., sucrose) to an aqueous solution of chromic acid and subsequently introducing the resulting mixture into a hydrocarbon material. The hydrocarbon-containing mixture is heated in the presence of hydrogen sulfide to convert the chromium catalyst precursor to a solid chromium-containing catalyst. Hydroconversion processes utilizing the catalyst to convert oil, coal, and mixtures thereof are also provided.
Abstract:
A catalyst is prepared by heating the reaction product of CrO.sub.3 and tert-butyl alcohol as catalyst precursor in a hydrocarbon medium in the presence of hydrogen sulfide to convert the catalyst precursor to a solid chromium-containing catalyst. Hydroconversion processes utilizing the catalyst to convert oil, coal, and mixtures thereof are also provided.
Abstract:
A carbonaceous feed, such as a heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil or coal and mixtures thereof, is upgraded by a combination coking and catalytic slurry hydroconversion process.
Abstract:
A catalyst is prepared by adding a water soluble aliphatic polyhydroxy compound such as a polyhydroxy alcohol or a carbohydrate (e.g., sucrose) to an aqueous solution of chromic acid and subsequently introducing the resulting mixture into a hydrocarbon material. The hydrocarbon-containing mixture is heated in the presence of hydrogen sulfide to convert the chromium catalyst precursor to a solid chromimum-containing catalyst. Hydroconversion processes utilizing the catalyst to convert oil, coal, and mixtures thereof are also provided.
Abstract:
A process for the conversion of a hydrocarbonaceous oil in the presence of hydrogen and an iron-coal catalyst is provided in which a slurry of catalyst in the oil is treated with a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas at specified conditions prior to subjecting the slurry to hydroconversion conditions.
Abstract:
Nitrogen-containing carbonaceous feeds such as hydrocarbonaceous oils and coal are hydroconverted in the presence of a solid vanadium-containing catalyst and a hydrogen halide.