公开(公告)号：US06954507B2

公开(公告)日：2005-10-11

申请号：US10095312

申请日：2002-03-11

Applicant: Peter Bohnhoff ,  Ralf Hartmann

Inventor： Peter Bohnhoff ,  Ralf Hartmann

IPC: H04L1/00 ,  H04B7/005 ,  H04L1/20 ,  H03D1/00

CPC classification number: H04L1/203

Abstract: In a radio receiver, an equalizer generates reliability information in the form of soft decision information indicating probabilities that a data symbol received by the radio receiver is based on a specific transmitted value. A bit error rate estimator obtains bit error rate information regarding the bit error rate of the received signal, corresponding to the received data symbols, by evaluating the reliability information.

Abstract translation: 在无线电接收机中，均衡器以指示由无线电接收机接收的数据符号基于特定发送值的概率的软判决信息的形式产生可靠性信息。 误差率估计器通过评估可靠性信息来获得与接收到的数据符号相对应的接收信号的误码率信息。

公开(公告)号：US20050089115A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-28

申请号：US10935447

申请日：2004-09-07

Applicant: Ralf Hartmann ,  Martin Kruger ,  Hartmut Wilhelm

Inventor： Ralf Hartmann ,  Martin Kruger ,  Hartmut Wilhelm

IPC: H04L27/00 ,  H04L27/22 ,  H04B15/00

CPC classification number: H04L27/22 ,  H04L2027/0024 ,  H04L2027/0046 ,  H04L2027/0065 ,  H04L2027/0093

Abstract: In order to compensate for a frequency offset or a change in the phase of the transmission channel over time during mobile radio transmission of data symbols, the data symbols are transmitted by means of carrier-frequency, modulated data bursts. Sample values of the received signal, which are known in advance and correspond to first and second symbols, are evaluated in order to estimate the frequency offset or the change in the phase of the transmission channel over time. These first and second symbols are transmitted with a defined phase angle by means of the data burst, and are arranged separated from one another in the data burst. Edge symbols in a data burst are advantageously used as first and second symbols, or as a symbol pair, for estimation.

Abstract translation: 为了补偿在数据符号的移动无线电传输期间随着时间的传输信道的频率偏移或相位变化，数据符号通过载波频率调制的数据脉冲串发送。 对预先已知并对应于第一和第二符号的接收信号的采样值进行评估，以估计传输信道随时间的频率偏移或相位变化。 这些第一和第二符号通过数据脉冲串以规定的相位角发送，并且在数据脉冲串中彼此分离布置。 数据突发中的边缘符号有利地用作第一和第二符号，或作为符号对用于估计。

公开(公告)号：US06419995B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-16

申请号：US09800365

申请日：2001-03-06

Applicant: Christian Kuckertz ,  Sven Jacobsen ,  Rainer Brandt ,  Klaus Landes ,  Ralf Hartmann

Inventor： Christian Kuckertz ,  Sven Jacobsen ,  Rainer Brandt ,  Klaus Landes ,  Ralf Hartmann

IPC: H05H100

CPC classification number: B05D3/142

Abstract: Described is a process for the homogeneous surface activation of a material in web form, by means of plasma-treatment. The material in web form is selected from metallic materials in web form having a thickness of less than 100 &mgr;m, polymeric materials in web form and combinations thereof. The process involves treating homogeneously at least a portion of the surface of the material in web form, which is moved over at least one pair of rolls, with an atmospheric plasma, optionally in the presence of a process gas and/or a process aerosol. The atmospheric plasma is generated by an indirect plasmatron.

公开(公告)号：US4978865A

公开(公告)日：1990-12-18

申请号：US341147

申请日：1989-04-20

Applicant: Ralf Hartmann ,  Jurgen Reus

Inventor： Ralf Hartmann ,  Jurgen Reus

IPC: H01H47/32

CPC classification number: H01H47/325 ,  Y10T307/944

Abstract: In a circuit for controlling a pulsating current through an inductor, particularly the coil of an electromagnetic valve, the inductor is connected in series with a semiconductor switch and in parallel with a free-running diode. Furthermore a desired-value voltage is fed to a controller the output of which is connected via a pulse-width modulator to a control input of the semiconductor switch. A current flows through the inductor and the semiconductor switch, during a state of conduction of the semiconductor switch, to be measured. The current measurement is gated, in response to pulse-width modulation at the controller, and is then integrated for improved measurement of the current.

Abstract translation: 在用于控制通过电感器，特别是电磁阀的线圈的脉动电流的电路中，电感器与半导体开关串联连接并与自由运行二极管并联。 此外，期望值电压被馈送到控制器，其输出端通过脉冲宽度调制器连接到半导体开关的控制输入。 在要测量的半导体开关的导通状态期间，电流流过电感器和半导体开关。 根据控制器的脉冲宽度调制，对当前的测量进行选通，然后进行集成，以改善电流的测量。