公开(公告)号：US20060220555A1

公开(公告)日：2006-10-05

申请号：US11252749

申请日：2005-10-19

Applicant: Toshikazu Fujita

Inventor： Toshikazu Fujita

IPC: H01J43/18

CPC classification number: H01J43/06

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a structure for performing a high gain and achieving a higher productivity in a state keeping or improving an excellent high-speed response. In the photomultiplier, an electron-multiplying unit, placed in a sealed container, has a structure that enables an integrated assembly of a focusing electrode, an accelerating electrode, a dynode unit, and an anode. Specifically, by providing a structure for fixing directly the focusing electrode and accelerating electrode at a part of a pair of insulating support members for grasping directly the dynode unit and so on, together with the dynode unit and anode, each of the focusing electrode and accelerating electrode is aligned by using the pair of insulating support members as a reference. As a result, on assembly of the electron-multiplying unit, alignment work with high precision between the members, specific fixing members and fixing jigs becomes unnecessary, which enables to improve drastically the productivity of the electron-multiplying unit placed in the sealed container.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及具有用于实现高增益并且在保持状态或提高优异的高速响应方面实现更高生产率的结构的光电倍增管。 在光电倍增管中，放置在密封容器中的电子倍增单元具有能够聚焦电极，加速电极，倍增电极单元和阳极一体化的结构。 具体而言，通过提供直接将聚焦电极和加速电极固定在一对绝缘支撑构件的一部分上，用于直接与倍增极单元等一起直接用于倍增极单元和阳极，每个聚焦电极和加速 通过使用一对绝缘支撑构件作为参考来对准电极。 结果，在组装电子倍增单元时，不需要在构件，特定固定构件和固定夹具之间的高精度对准作业，这能够极大地提高放置在密封容器中的电子倍增单元的生产率。

公开(公告)号：US20040262531A1

公开(公告)日：2004-12-30

申请号：US10606930

申请日：2003-06-26

Inventor： Robert L. Gerlach ,  Mark W. Utlaut ,  Trevor Dingle ,  Marek Uncovsky

IPC: H01J037/244

CPC classification number: H01J37/244 ,  H01J37/3005 ,  H01J43/06 ,  H01J49/025

Abstract: A particle detector switchable from an ion detector to an electron detector includes an ion-to-electron converter and a scintillator detector. With one set of voltages on the components, the converter has minimal impact on the electron trajectories so the electrons are efficiently detected by the scintillator detector. With different voltage settings on the components, the detector can be operated in positive ion mode to collect positive ions with adequate efficiency for most FIB applications. The ion-to-electron converter is preferably in the shape of a cylinder or includes multiple parallel plates

Abstract translation: 可从离子检测器切换到电子检测器的粒子检测器包括离子 - 电子转换器和闪烁体检测器。 在组件上具有一组电压，转换器对电子轨迹的影响最小，因此闪烁体检测器有效地检测电子。 通过对组件进行不同的电压设置，检测器可以以正离子模式运行，以便大多数FIB应用能够以足够的效率收集正离子。 离子 - 电子转换器优选为圆柱形或包括多个平行板

公开(公告)号：US06538399B1

公开(公告)日：2003-03-25

申请号：US09701282

申请日：2000-11-28

Applicant: Hideki Shimoi ,  Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Yutaka Hasegawa ,  Toshimitsu Nagai

Inventor： Hideki Shimoi ,  Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Yutaka Hasegawa ,  Toshimitsu Nagai

IPC: G01T120

CPC classification number: H01J43/06

Abstract: To prevent the deterioration in sensitivity of the photocathode (20) of an electron tube and maintain stable output for a long time, an ion confining electrode (22) and an ion trap electrode (23) are provided between the photocathode (20) and a first stage dynode (24a). The potential of the ion confining electrode (22) is set higher than that of the first stage dynode (24a), while the potential of the ion trap electrode (23) is set equal to or higher than that of the photocathode (20) and lower than that of the first stage dynode 24a. Since the feedback to the photocathode (20) of the positive ions generated in the vicinity of the first stage dynode can be effectively suppressed, the sensitivity of the photocathode (20) is prevented from decreasing, and stable output is maintained for a long time.

Abstract translation: 为了防止电子管的光电阴极（20）的灵敏度下降，并且长时间保持稳定的输出，在光电阴极（20）和光电阴极（20）之间设置离子限制电极（22）和离子阱电极（23） 第一级倍增器（24a）。 离子限制电极（22）的电位被设定为高于第一级倍增极（24a）的电位，而离子捕获电极（23）的电位被设定为等于或高于光电阴极（20）的电位， 低于第一级倍增极24a。 由于可以有效地抑制在第一级倍增电极附近产生的正离子对光电阴极（20）的反馈，防止光电阴极（20）的灵敏度降低，并且长时间保持稳定的输出。

公开(公告)号：US5936348A

公开(公告)日：1999-08-10

申请号：US955462

申请日：1997-10-21

Applicant: Hideki Shimoi ,  Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Shinichi Muramatsu ,  Eiichiro Kawano

Inventor： Hideki Shimoi ,  Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Shinichi Muramatsu ,  Eiichiro Kawano

IPC: H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/22

CPC classification number: H01J43/22 ,  H01J43/06

Abstract: In the electron multiplier assembly 27, a dynode unit 10 is constructed from a plurality of dynodes 9 laminated one on another. Each dynode 9 is formed with multichannels 12 which are separated from one another by channel-separating portions 14. A focusing electrode plate 16 is formed with multichannels 18 which are separated from one another by channel-separating electrodes 20 which are located in correspondence with the channel-separating portions 14 of the first stage dynode 9a. A plurality of anodes 7 are provided for receiving electrons multiplied at the dynode unit 10 in their corresponding channels 18. Each channel-separating electrode 20 is formed with an opening 21, at a position confronting the channel-separating portion 14 of the first stage dynode 9a, for transmitting electrons therethrough.

Abstract translation: 在电子倍增器组件27中，倍增电极单元10由多个彼此层叠的倍增电极9构成。 每个倍增电极9形成有多通道12，其通过沟道分离部分14彼此分离。聚焦电极板16形成有多通道18，多通道18通过通道分离电极20彼此分开，通道分离电极20与 第一级倍增极9a的通道分离部分14。 多个阳极7用于接收在其相应的通道18中在倍增电极单元10处相乘的电子。每个通道分离电极20形成有开口21，位于与第一级倍增电极的沟道分离部分14相对的位置 9a，用于透过电子。

公开(公告)号：US5841231A

公开(公告)日：1998-11-24

申请号：US649305

申请日：1996-05-17

Applicant: Suenori Kimura ,  Masuo Ito ,  Atsuhide Suzuki

Inventor： Suenori Kimura ,  Masuo Ito ,  Atsuhide Suzuki

IPC: H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/22 ,  H01J43/04

CPC classification number: H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/22

Abstract: The present invention concerns a photomultiplier having a lamination structure of fine mesh dynodes arranged at predetermined intervals, capable of detecting photons even in a high magnetic field. This photomultiplier is arranged so that hollow pipes penetrating electrodes for supporting the fine mesh dynodes define the lamination structure of an electron multiplier unit. This arrangement permits the intervals between the fine mesh dynodes to be accurately controlled, thereby obtaining the photomultiplier production errors of which are well suppressed and preventing that the fine mesh dynodes are ripped.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及具有以预定间隔布置的细网络倍增电极的层压结构的光电倍增管，即使在高磁场中也能检测光子。 该光电倍增管被布置成使得穿透用于支撑细网络倍增电极的电极的中空管限定电子倍增器单元的层叠结构。 这种布置允许精细地控制细网络倍增电极之间的间隔，从而获得良好抑制的光电倍增管产生误差，并且防止细网络倍增电极被撕开。

公开(公告)号：US5578891A

公开(公告)日：1996-11-26

申请号：US457174

申请日：1995-06-01

Applicant: Shiro Sakai ,  Takehisa Okamoto ,  Makoto Nakamura

Inventor： Shiro Sakai ,  Takehisa Okamoto ,  Makoto Nakamura

IPC: H01J43/20 ,  H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/18

CPC classification number: H01J43/06

Abstract: An electron multiplier according to this invention comprises dynodes DY1 .about.DY16 arranged in multi-stages along a direction of incidence of an energy beam for, upon incidence of the energy beam, gradually multiplying secondary electrons to emit the same, a collection electrode A for receiving electrons emitted from that of the dynodes on a last stage, and resistors R1 .about.R16 inserted between the respective dynodes and their adjacent ones, the dynodes, the collecting electrode, and the resistors being mounted between two support plates 10a, 10b disposed in parallel with each other, the resistors being arranged in two rows which sandwich the dynodes.

Abstract translation: 根据本发明的电子倍增器包括沿着能量束的入射方向多级布置的倍增电极DY1差分DY16，用于在能量束入射时，逐渐地将二次电子发射相同，用于接收的收集电极A 电子发射自最后一级的倍增电极的电子，以及插入相应的倍增电极及其相邻电极之间的电阻器R1差分R16，倍增电极，集电极和电阻器被安装在两个平行于 彼此之间，电阻器被排列成两行，夹着倍增极。

公开(公告)号：US5420476A

公开(公告)日：1995-05-30

申请号：US68220

申请日：1993-05-27

Applicant: Kimitsugu Nakamura ,  Takeo Hashimoto ,  Hiroaki Washiyama ,  Tomihiko Kuroyanagi

Inventor： Kimitsugu Nakamura ,  Takeo Hashimoto ,  Hiroaki Washiyama ,  Tomihiko Kuroyanagi

IPC: H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/20 ,  H01J43/18

CPC classification number: H01J43/06

Abstract: An electron lens electrode for guiding photoelectrons emitted from a photocathode to an electron multiplier section is arranged between the photocathode and the light-incident portion of a sealed container, and an opening is formed at a portion of the electron lens electrode opposing the light-incident portion. Incident light reaches the photocathode through the opening without being scattered or absorbed at all. The transmittance of light incident on a photomultiplier is improved, and the output waveform is uniformed, resulting in an improved S/N ratio.

Abstract translation: 将用于将从光电阴极发射的光电子引导到电子倍增器部分的电子透镜电极布置在光电阴极和密封容器的光入射部分之间，并且在电子透镜电极的与光入射相对的部分处形成开口 一部分。 入射光通过开口到达光电阴极，完全不被散射或吸收。 入射到光电倍增管上的光的透射率提高，输出波形均匀，导致S / N比提高。

公开(公告)号：US5416382A

公开(公告)日：1995-05-16

申请号：US87632

申请日：1993-07-01

Applicant: Pierre L'Hermite

Inventor： Pierre L'Hermite

IPC: H01J43/22 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/06

CPC classification number: H01J43/045 ,  H01J43/06

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube in which a photoelectron beam (42) is divided in N independent paths by means of an electron-optical device. The optical device includes a first cup-shaped focusing electrode (25) having a flat bottom portion of polygonal or circular shape, in which N apertures (30a), (30b) are formed, and having raised side faces (28a), (28b) which extend towards the photocathode (12), viewed in the radial directions corresponding to the elementary photomultipliers, and side faces having V-shaped recesses between these directions. The optical device is completed by a deflection electrode (35) which is brought to approximately the same potential as the photocathode and which is centrally arranged close to the bottom portion of the focusing electrode (25). The assembly is followed by a multiplier (16) of the perforated sheet-type whose focusing electrode (161) has projecting portions (41a), (41b), the multiplier being followed by N anode plates (20a), (20b).

Abstract translation: 光电子束（42）通过电子 - 光学器件分成N个独立路径的光电倍增管。 光学装置包括具有多边形或圆形平坦底部的第一杯形聚焦电极（25），其中形成有N个开口（30a），（30b），并具有凸起的侧面（28a），（28b） ），从对应于基本光电倍增管的径向观察，以及在这些方向之间具有V形凹部的侧面。 光学装置由与光电阴极大致相同的电位的偏转电极（35）完成，并且靠近聚焦电极（25）的底部中心配置。 组件后面是多孔板型的乘法器（16），其聚焦电极（161）具有突出部分（41a），（41b），乘法器随后是N个阳极板（20a），（20b）。

公开(公告)号：US4710675A

公开(公告)日：1987-12-01

申请号：US728135

申请日：1985-04-29

Applicant: Kenneth E. Stephenson

Inventor： Kenneth E. Stephenson

IPC: H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/22

CPC classification number: H01J43/06

Abstract: A photomultiplier includes a solid disk dynode and a pair of annular guiding electrodes disposed about the disk dynode transversely along the central axis of the photomultiplier tube on opposite sides of the dynode. The secondary and subsequent dynodes may be of conventional (e.g. venetian blind) construction or of solid disk construction. The solid disk dynode and guiding structure exhibits improved photoelectron pulse-height resolution and a better signal-to-noise ratio than a conventional venetian blind type dynode. In addition, the solid dynode structure is less susceptible to physical shock than conventional photomultiplier dynode designs.

Abstract translation: 光电倍增管包括固体磁盘倍增电极和一对环形引导电极，沿着光电倍增管的中心轴在倍增极的相对侧横向设置在盘倍增器周围。 次级和随后的倍增电极可以是常规的（例如，威尼斯盲）结构或实心盘结构。 固体磁盘倍增电极和引导结构表现出比常规的百叶窗型倍增极更好的光电子脉冲高度分辨率和更好的信噪比。 另外，固体倍增极结构比传统的光电倍增管设计不太容易受到物理冲击。

公开(公告)号：US4577137A

公开(公告)日：1986-03-18

申请号：US611754

申请日：1984-05-18

Applicant: Donald B. Kaiser

Inventor： Donald B. Kaiser

IPC: H01J43/20 ,  H01J43/06 ,  H01J40/04 ,  H01J19/42 ,  H01J43/26

CPC classification number: H01J43/06

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube comprises an evacuated envelope having a photoemissive cathode, a shield cup spaced from the cathode and an electron multiplier cage assembly abutting the shield cup. The cage assembly includes a pair of transversely spaced support plates having a plurality of support slots formed therethrough. The support plates are attached to the shield cup. A plurality of electrodes are disposed between the support plates. At least one of the electrodes has reference apertures therein and a mesh member attached thereto which has locating slots aligned with the reference apertures. The electrodes have an active portion and attachment tabs which are disposed within the support slots in the support plates to support the electrodes therebetween. The electrodes also have support shoulders formed in opposite sides thereof between the active portion and the attachment tabs. The support shoulders have a width greater than that of the slots in the support plates, whereby the support shoulders provide stop locations adjacent to the support plates.

Abstract translation: 光电倍增管包括具有光发射阴极的抽空外壳，与阴极间隔开的屏蔽杯和邻接屏蔽杯的电子倍增器保持架组件。 笼式组件包括一对横向间隔的支撑板，其具有穿过其形成的多个支撑槽。 支撑板连接到屏蔽杯。 多个电极设置在支撑板之间。 电极中的至少一个具有参考孔，并且连接到其上的网状构件具有与基准孔对准的定位槽。 电极具有活动部分和附接凸片，它们设置在支撑板中的支撑槽内，以支撑它们之间的电极。 电极还具有在活动部分和附接突片之间的相对侧形成的支撑肩。 支撑肩的宽度大于支撑板中的槽的宽度，由此支撑肩部提供邻近支撑板的止挡位置。