公开(公告)号：US07557580B2

公开(公告)日：2009-07-07

申请号：US12127672

申请日：2008-05-27

申请人： Michael S. Bittar

发明人： Michael S. Bittar

IPC分类号： G01V3/30 ,  G01V3/38

CPC分类号： G01V3/28

摘要： This invention is directed to a downhole method and apparatus for simultaneously determining the horizontal resistivity, vertical resistivity, and relative dip angle for anisotropic earth formations. The present invention accomplishes this objective by using an antenna configuration in which a transmitter antenna and a receiver antenna are oriented in non-parallel planes such that the vertical resistivity and the relative dip angle are decoupled. Preferably, either the transmitter or the receiver is mounted in a conventional orientation in a first plane that is normal to the tool axis, and the other antenna is mounted in a second plane that is not parallel to the first plane. This invention also relates to a method and apparatus for steering a downhole tool during a drilling operation in order to maintain the borehole within a desired earth formation. The steering capability is enabled by computing the difference or the ratio of the phase-based or amplitude-based responses of the receiver antennas which are mounted in planes that are not parallel to the planes of the transmitter antennas. Although this invention is primarily intended for MWD or LWD applications, this invention is also applicable to wireline and possibly other applications.

公开(公告)号：US20080258733A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-23

申请号：US12127672

申请日：2008-05-27

申请人： Michael S. Bittar

发明人： Michael S. Bittar

IPC分类号： G01V3/30 ,  E21B47/022

CPC分类号： G01V3/28

摘要： This invention is directed to a downhole method and apparatus for simultaneously determining the horizontal resistivity, vertical resistivity, and relative dip angle for anisotropic earth formations. The present invention accomplishes this objective by using an antenna configuration in which a transmitter antenna and a receiver antenna are oriented in non-parallel planes such that the vertical resistivity and the relative dip angle are decoupled. Preferably, either the transmitter or the receiver is mounted in a conventional orientation in a first plane that is normal to the tool axis, and the other antenna is mounted in a second plane that is not parallel to the first plane. This invention also relates to a method and apparatus for steering a downhole tool during a drilling operation in order to maintain the borehole within a desired earth formation. The steering capability is enabled by computing the difference or the ratio of the phase-based or amplitude-based responses of the receiver antennas which are mounted in planes that are not parallel to the planes of the transmitter antennas. Although this invention is primarily intended for MWD or LWD applications, this invention is also applicable to wireline and possibly other applications.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于同时确定各向异性地球地层的水平电阻率，垂直电阻率和相对倾角的井下方法和装置。 本发明通过使用其中发射机天线和接收机天线在非平行平面中定向使得垂直电阻率和相对倾角被去耦合的天线配置来实现该目的。 优选地，发射器或接收器中的传统方向安装在与工具轴线垂直的第一平面中，另一个天线安装在不平行于第一平面的第二平面中。 本发明还涉及一种用于在钻井操作期间转向井下工具以便将井眼保持在期望的地层中的方法和装置。 通过计算安装在不平行于发射机天线的平面的平面中的接收机天线的基于相位或基于幅度的响应的差异或比例来实现转向能力。 尽管本发明主要用于MWD或LWD应用，但本发明也适用于有线和可能的其他应用。

公开(公告)号：US06944546B2

公开(公告)日：2005-09-13

申请号：US10676467

申请日：2003-10-01

申请人： Jiaqi Xiao ,  Michael S. Bittar

发明人： Jiaqi Xiao ,  Michael S. Bittar

IPC分类号： G01V11/00 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G01V11/00

摘要： Method and apparatus for deriving information regarding a subsurface geophysical formation. Well logging data is acquired for the subsurface geophysical formation. Geometrical parameters for the subsurface geophysical formation are determined by inversion processing of the acquired well logging data in a pattern space while formation conductivities for the subsurface geophysical formation are determined by inversion processing of the acquired well logging data in a measurement space. The processing may be iteratively applied until satisfied formation parameters are achieved.

摘要翻译： 用于导出关于地下地球物理地层的信息的方法和装置。 为地下地球物理地层获取测井资料。 通过在模式空间中获取的测井数据的反演处理来确定地下地球物理地层的几何参数，而通过在测量空间中获取的测井数据的反演处理来确定地下地球物理地层的形成电导率。 可以迭代地施加处理，直到实现满足的形成参数。

公开(公告)号：US06885943B2

公开(公告)日：2005-04-26

申请号：US10251045

申请日：2002-09-20

申请人： Michael S. Bittar ,  Guoyu Hu

发明人： Michael S. Bittar ,  Guoyu Hu

IPC分类号： G01V3/38 ,  G01V3/18

CPC分类号： G01V3/38

摘要： A nonlinear iterative deconvolution method and system. In one embodiment, the system comprises a data acquisition module, a storage module, and a processing module. The data acquisition module obtains logging data from measurements made by a sensor tool moving through a borehole, and stores the logging data in the storage module. The processing module processes the logging data to determine a formation model by iteratively updating a set of formation model values which correspond to a set of positions along the borehole. The iterative updating includes (i) calculating an error value; and (ii) applying a linearizing factor to the error value. The iterative updating may be expressible as a weighted sum of a current formation model value with a product of the error value and the linearizing factor. The iterative updating may continue until an adequate match between the logging data and a calculated tool response is achieved.

摘要翻译： 非线性迭代去卷积方法和系统。 在一个实施例中，系统包括数据采集模块，存储模块和处理模块。 数据采集​​模块从通过钻孔移动的传感器工具进行的测量获得记录数据，并将记录数据存储在存储模块中。 处理模块通过迭代地更新对应于沿着钻孔的一组位置的地层模型值的集合来处理测井数据以确定地层模型。 迭代更新包括（i）计算误差值; 和（ii）将线性化因子应用于误差值。 迭代更新可以表示为当前形成模型值与误差值与线性因子的乘积的加权和。 迭代更新可以继续，直到记录数据与计算出的工具响应之间的充分匹配。

公开(公告)号：US10358911B2

公开(公告)日：2019-07-23

申请号：US14410544

申请日：2012-06-25

申请人： Hsu-Hsiang Wu ,  Burkay Donderici ,  Michael S. Bittar

发明人： Hsu-Hsiang Wu ,  Burkay Donderici ,  Michael S. Bittar

IPC分类号： E21B47/09 ,  G01V3/28 ,  G01B5/004 ,  G01B7/004 ,  G01V3/38

摘要： Disclosed herein are electromagnetic logging systems and methods that provide a set of signals that robustly approximate the response of a model tool employing orthogonal triads of point-dipole antennas. One illustrative method embodiment obtains an azimuthally sensitive electromagnetic logging tool's signal measurements as a function of position in a borehole, the tool having at least two spacing distances (d1, d2) between transmit and receive antennas. Orthogonal direct coupling measurements (Vxx, Vyy, Vzz) are derived from the signal measurements and converted into a set of robust signals, the set including: a ratio between Vzz coupling components at different spacing distances, a ratio between Vxx and Vzz coupling components, a ratio between Vyy and Vzz coupling components, and a ratio between Vxx and Vyy coupling components. The set may include an additional robust signal having a ratio between a sum of cross-coupling components Vxz+Vzx or Vyz+Vzy and a sum of orthogonal direct coupling components.

公开(公告)号：US10119388B2

公开(公告)日：2018-11-06

申请号：US13524158

申请日：2012-06-15

申请人： Michael S. Bittar ,  Clive Menezes ,  Martin D. Paulk

发明人： Michael S. Bittar ,  Clive Menezes ,  Martin D. Paulk

IPC分类号： G01V3/00 ,  E21B47/026 ,  G01V3/28 ,  H01Q1/04 ,  H01Q7/00 ,  H01Q21/24

摘要： A retrievable tool for steering through an earth formation includes a first tool assembly and a tilted antenna attached to the first tool assembly. The tool also includes a second tool assembly attached to the first tool assembly and a tilted antenna attached to the second tool assembly. The first tool assembly attaches to the second tool assembly so that the antennas are tilted in predetermined directions. The tilted antennas are transmitter antennas or receiver antennas. Each tool assembly is a tubular cylinder with a longitudinal axis running the length of the cylinder, wherein the tubular cylinder has two ends, each end including a rotational attachment mechanism. The tool assemblies attach to each other through their rotational attachment mechanisms. The rotational attachment mechanism may be a screw-on mechanism, press-fit mechanism, or welded mechanism.

公开(公告)号：US09547102B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-17

申请号：US14410543

申请日：2012-06-25

申请人： Hsu-Hsiang Wu ,  Michael S. Bittar ,  Burkay Donderici

发明人： Hsu-Hsiang Wu ,  Michael S. Bittar ,  Burkay Donderici

IPC分类号： G01V3/30 ,  G01V3/38

CPC分类号： G01V3/30 ,  G01V3/38

摘要： Electromagnetic resistivity logging systems and methods yielding formation anisotropy and dip from a signal set that closely approximates the response of a idealized tool. One illustrative method embodiment derives from an azimuthally-sensitive tool's measurements a full set of orthogonal direct couplings (Vxx, Vyy, Vzz) and a cross-coupling sum (Vxz+Vzx) or (Vyz+Vzy). These values are converted into a signal set as a function of borehole position, the set including: a first signal representing a ratio between Vzz coupling components at different spacing distances, a second signal representing a ratio between Vxx and Vzz coupling components, a third signal representing a ratio between Vyy and Vzz coupling components, a fourth signal representing a ratio between Vxx and Vyy coupling components, and a fifth signal representing a ratio between a cross-coupling sum and a sum of the direct couplings. From this signal set, formation parameters can be accurately determined by inversion.

摘要翻译： 电磁电阻测井系统和方法从产生形成各向异性和从信号集中倾斜的方法，其接近理想化工具的响应。 一个说明性的方法实施例来源于方位敏感工具的测量全套正交直接耦合（Vxx，Vyy，Vzz）和交叉耦合和（Vxz + Vzx）或（Vyz + Vzy）。 这些值被转换为作为钻孔位置的函数的信号组，该集合包括：表示不同间隔距离的Vzz耦合分量之间的比率的第一信号，表示Vxx和Vzz耦合分量之间的比率的第二信号，第三信号 表示Vyy和Vzz耦合分量之间的比率，表示Vxx和Vyy耦合分量之间的比率的第四信号，以及表示交叉耦合和与直接耦合之和的比率的第五信号。 从该信号集合可以通过反演精确地确定地层参数。

公开(公告)号：US09534485B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-03

申请号：US13881624

申请日：2011-04-18

申请人： Wenshan Yu ,  Yumei Tang ,  Michael S. Bittar

发明人： Wenshan Yu ,  Yumei Tang ,  Michael S. Bittar

IPC分类号： G01V1/50 ,  E21B47/00 ,  G01V3/24

CPC分类号： G01V99/005 ,  E21B41/0092 ,  E21B47/00 ,  E21B47/12 ,  E21B49/00 ,  G01V1/50 ,  G01V3/24 ,  G01V3/26

摘要： In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and an article, may operate to acquire input data to determine properties of a formation, using a combination of down hole transmitters and receivers, to select a portion of the input data using a formation model chosen from a plurality of down hole tool response models in a formation model database, based on a valid sensitive range for the bed boundary distance and a greatest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and to solve for at least resistivity formation parameters in the properties using the chosen formation model and the selected portion of the input data. The database may be updated with boundary distance and the resistivity formation parameters. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

摘要翻译： 在一些实施例中，装置和系统以及方法和物品可以操作以获取输入数据以使用井下发射器和接收器的组合来确定地层的属性来选择输入数据的一部分 使用从地层模型数据库中的多个井下工具响应模型中选择的地层模型，基于床边界距离和最大信噪比（SNR）的有效敏感范围，并且至少解决 使用选择的地层模型和输入数据的选定部分的属性中的电阻率形成参数。 数据库可以用边界距离和电阻率形成参数进行更新。 公开了附加装置，系统和方法。

公开(公告)号：US09529113B2

公开(公告)日：2016-12-27

申请号：US13814406

申请日：2010-08-31

申请人： Michael S. Bittar ,  Shanjun Li ,  Yumei Tang

发明人： Michael S. Bittar ,  Shanjun Li ,  Yumei Tang

IPC分类号： G01V1/00 ,  G01V3/00 ,  G01V3/38 ,  G01V3/30 ,  G01V3/12 ,  G01V3/17 ,  G01V3/28 ,  G01V1/40

CPC分类号： G01V3/38 ,  G01V1/001 ,  G01V1/40 ,  G01V3/12 ,  G01V3/17 ,  G01V3/28 ,  G01V3/30

摘要： Various embodiments include apparatus and methods of operation with respect to well logging. Apparatus and methods include a tool having an arrangement of transmitters and receivers that are operated at different positions downhole and a processing unit to process collected signals such that the arrangement of transmitters and receivers provides measurements that mimic operation of a different arrangement of transmitters and receivers. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

摘要翻译： 各种实施例包括关于测井的装置和操作方法。 设备和方法包括具有在井下不同位置操作的发射器和接收器的布置的工具以及处理收集的信号的处理单元，使得发射器和接收器的布置提供模拟发射器和接收器的不同布置的操作的测量。 公开了附加装置，系统和方法。

公开(公告)号：US09364905B2

公开(公告)日：2016-06-14

申请号：US13521756

申请日：2011-03-28

申请人： Junsheng Hou ,  Michael S. Bittar

发明人： Junsheng Hou ,  Michael S. Bittar

IPC分类号： B23D31/00 ,  G01V3/28 ,  F15B15/14 ,  G01V3/30

CPC分类号： G01V3/26 ,  B23D31/00 ,  F15B15/14 ,  G01V3/28 ,  G01V3/30

摘要： Various resistivity logging tools, systems, and methods are disclosed. At least some system embodiments include a logging tool and at least one processor. The logging tool provides transmitter-receiver coupling measurements that include at least direct coupling along the longitudinal tool axis (Czz), direct coupling along the perpendicular axis (Cxx or Cyy), and cross coupling along the longitudinal and perpendicular axes (Cxz, Cyz, Czx, or Czy). The processor performs a multi-step inversion of said transmitter-receiver coupling measurements to obtain values for model parameters. Based at least in part on the model parameters, the processor determines borehole corrections for the transmitter-receiver coupling measurements and may further provide one or more logs derived from the borehole corrected transmitter-receiver coupling measurements. In at least some embodiments the logging tool assembly further collects borehole size measurements and measurements of borehole fluid resistivity for use in performing the inversion and determining the borehole corrections.

摘要翻译： 公开了各种电阻率测井工具，系统和方法。 至少一些系统实施例包括测井工具和至少一个处理器。 测井工具提供发射机 - 接收机耦合测量，其包括至少沿着纵向工具轴线（Czz）的直接耦合，沿着垂直轴线（Cxx或Cyy）的直接耦合，以及沿纵轴和垂直轴的交叉耦合（Cxz，Cyz， Czx或Czy）。 处理器执行所述发射机 - 接收机耦合测量的多步反演以获得模型参数的值。 至少部分地基于模型参数，处理器确定发射机 - 接收机耦合测量的井眼校正，并且还可以提供从钻孔校正的发射机 - 接收机耦合测量导出的一个或多个对数。 在至少一些实施例中，测井工具组件还收集井眼尺寸测量值和钻孔流体电阻率的测量值，以用于执行反演并确定井眼校正。