摘要:
A semiconductor memory device including a clock buffer, a column selection line decoder, a control signal generation circuit, and a column selection line driver. The clock buffer receives an external clock signal and information about a column address strobe (CAS) latency and generates either a first clock signal which synchronizes with rising edges of the external clock signal or a second clock signal which synchronizes with falling edges of the external clock signal depending on the type of CAS latency information. The column selection line decoder receives and decodes a column selection address and outputs a decoding address used to select either a column selection line signal synchronized with the first or second clock signal. The control signal generation circuit outputs control signals that synchronize with one of the first and second clock signals. The column selection line driver drives the column selection line signal in synchronization with one of the first and second clock signal in response to the decoding address and the control signals.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for routing on a mobile ad-hoc network are provided. The apparatus and method allow each node in a network to: measure a packet transmission rate to a neighboring node using a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); measure variation in the number of nodes due to their insertion or deletion; distribute relative packet transmission time relative to the SNR, which is measured using the packet transmission rate; and determine a routing path using the stored relative packet transmission time relative to the SNR. The apparatus includes a transceiver that receives a reply packet from a neighboring node, a measuring unit that uses the reply packet to measure movement of the neighboring node and a relative packet transmission time thereto, and a routing path determination unit that uses the relative packet transmission time to determine a routing path in the network.
摘要:
A display apparatus of magnetic flux density for detecting an internal crack of a metal or a shape of the metal includes a three-dimensional magnetic flux focusing unit installed near the metal, for concentrating magnetic flux generated by the metal, a magnetic flux density measurement unit installed near the magnetic flux focusing unit, for measuring changes in magnetic flux density concentrated by the magnetic flux focusing unit, and a display unit electrically connected with the magnetic flux measurement unit, for real-time displaying and storing changes in the magnetic flux density.