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公开(公告)号：US4504736A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-12
申请号：US388844
申请日：1982-06-16
CPC分类号： G01V5/06 , E21B47/011
摘要： This invention relates to a logging tool housing construction for use with gamma ray logging devices. The tool housing is constructed of materials designed for maximum transmission of low energy natural gamma ray energies (E=150-300 Kev). The housing material which encloses a gamma ray detector is a tubular, filament wound graphite composition and has a tubular metal sleeve for wear protection. The core and tubular metal sleeve are constructed and interconnected to meet mechanical and pressure requirements for oil well logging use.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于伽马射线测井装置的测井工具外壳结构。 工具外壳由设计用于最大限度地传输低能量自然伽马射线能量（E = 150-300Kev）的材料构成。 包围γ射线检测器的外壳材料是管状的丝缠绕石墨组合物，并且具有用于磨损保护的管状金属套筒。 核心和管状金属套管构造和互连，以满足对油井测井使用的机械和压力要求。
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62.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4454420A
公开(公告)日：1984-06-12
申请号：US386315
申请日：1982-06-08
申请人： Harry D. Smith, Jr.
发明人： Harry D. Smith, Jr.
CPC分类号： G01V5/102
摘要： Methods and apparatus are provided for making improved pulsed neutron derived measurements of the carbon: oxygen ratio in subsurface earth formations. Plural radiation measurements are made as a function of time from the initiation of the neutron pulse to distinguish inelastic and thermal neutron interactions. These measurements are then combined in several different manners to provide an improved carbon:oxygen ratio measurement and multiple porosity and formation lithology indication measurements.
摘要翻译： 提供了方法和装置，用于改进地下地层中碳 - 氧比的脉冲中子衍生测量。 作为从中子脉冲开始的时间的函数进行多次辐射测量，以区分非弹性和热中子相互作用。 然后将这些测量结果以几种不同的方式组合，以提供改进的碳：氧气比测量和多孔隙度和地层岩性指示测量。
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63.发明授权Measuring oil and water cuts in a multiphase flowstream with elimination of the effects of gas in determining the liquid cuts 失效测量多相流动中的油和水切割，消除气体在确定液体切割中的影响
公开(公告)号：US4200789A
公开(公告)日：1980-04-29
申请号：US920568
申请日：1978-06-29
申请人： Dan M. Arnold , Harry D. Smith, Jr.
发明人： Dan M. Arnold , Harry D. Smith, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01N23/221 , G01N23/222 , G01V5/00 , G01N23/00
CPC分类号： G01N23/222 , G01N2223/0745 , G01N2223/635
摘要： In a pipeline or container at any of various petroleum producing operations, a multiphase fluid flowstream containing oil, water and gas is bombarded with neutrons and high energy gamma rays resulting from capture of thermal neutrons are detected. The spectra of the detected gamma rays are then analyzed to determine the ratio of the gamma ray counts of the element sulfur to the element chlorine. From this ratio, the oil and water cuts of the fluid may be measured while eliminating the effects of gas in the flowstream on the measurements.
摘要翻译： 在各种石油生产操作中的管道或容器中，含有油，水和气体的多相流体流动流被中子轰击，并且检测到由捕获热中子产生的高能伽马射线。 然后分析检测到的γ射线的光谱，以确定元素硫与元素氯的伽马射线计数的比率。 从该比例，可以测量流体的油和水切口，同时消除流动流中的气体对测量的影响。
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64.发明授权Lithology and borehole condition independent methods for locating tagged proppant in induced subterranean formation fractures 有权用于定位标记的支撑剂在诱导地下地层断层中的岩性和钻孔条件独立方法公开(公告)号：US08805615B2
公开(公告)日：2014-08-12
申请号：US13227949
申请日：2011-09-08
申请人： Harry D. Smith, Jr.
发明人： Harry D. Smith, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01V1/40 , G01V5/10 , E21B43/267 , E21B47/00
CPC分类号： E21B47/00 , E21B43/267 , G01V5/101 , G01V5/107
摘要： Subterranean formation locations/heights of tagged proppant doped with a high thermal neutron capture cross-section material are determined using data obtained from before and after frac logging passes through a well of a logging tool having near and far neutron detectors. Proppant location inaccuracies arising from changes in lithology between a zone of no interest and a proppant-containing formation zone are made, after any required normalization for a between-log change in borehole fluid, using an observed difference between the near/far detector count rate ratios in the two passes to determine a count rate differential correction to be applied to the before frac detector count rate. The corrected before frac count rate log is then overlaid with the after frac count rate log such that suppression in the after frac count rate log relative to the corrected before frac count rate log indicates the presence of proppant.
摘要翻译： 使用从压裂测井通过具有近和远中子探测器的测井工具的井之前和之后获得的数据来确定掺杂有高热中子捕获截面材料的标记支撑剂的地层形成位置/高度。 在使用观察到的近/远检测器计数率之间的差异之后，在对井眼流体的对数之间变化进行任何所需的归一化之后，制造由不感兴趣区域和含支撑剂的形成区域之间的岩性变化引起的支撑位置不准确性 以确定要应用于之前的压裂检测器计数率的计数率差分校正。 然后，在压裂计数率对数之前校正的压缩率计数率记录与之后的裂纹计数率对数重叠，使得压裂后计数速率对数相对于修正的压裂比计数率对数之前的抑制表明存在支撑剂。
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公开(公告)号：US08648309B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-11
申请号：US13237406
申请日：2011-09-20
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： Proppant placed in a subterranean fracture zone is detected with a spectral identification method in which capture gamma ray spectra are obtained during a logging run carried out with a logging tool having a neutron emitting source and at least one detector sensitive to thermal neutron capture gamma rays. Capture gamma rays from one or more high thermal neutron cross-section materials in the proppant are distinguished from capture gamma rays produced by thermal neutron capture reactions with other downhole formation and borehole constituents utilizing a spectral processing/deconvolution technique. The capture gammas rays from the high thermal neutron capture cross section material in the proppant are used to identify propped fracture zones either alone or in combination with other proppant identification methods which rely on measuring thermal neutron related count rates and/or thermal neutron capture cross-sections from neutron, compensated neutron, and/or pulsed neutron capture logging tools.
摘要翻译： 使用光谱识别方法检测放置在地下断裂带中的支架，其中在使用具有中子发射源的测井工具进行测井运行期间获得捕获伽马射线光谱，并且至少一个对热中子捕获伽马射线敏感的检测器。 从支撑剂中的一个或多个高热中子横截面材料捕获伽马射线与使用光谱处理/去卷积技术的其他井下形成和钻孔成分的热中子捕获反应产生的捕获伽马射线不同。 来自支撑剂中高热中子捕获截面材料的捕获伽马射线用于单独地或与依赖于测量热中子相关计数速率和/或热中子捕获截面的其它支撑剂识别方法的组合来识别支撑的断裂带， 中子，补偿中子和/或脉冲中子捕获测井工具的截面。
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66.发明授权Neural network training data selection using memory reduced cluster analysis for field model development 失效使用内存的神经网络训练数据选择降低了现场模型开发的聚类分析公开(公告)号：US08374974B2
公开(公告)日：2013-02-12
申请号：US10393641
申请日：2003-03-21
申请人： Dingding Chen , John A. Quirein , Jacky M. Wiener , Jeffery L. Grable , Syed Hamid , Harry D. Smith, Jr.
发明人： Dingding Chen , John A. Quirein , Jacky M. Wiener , Jeffery L. Grable , Syed Hamid , Harry D. Smith, Jr.
CPC分类号： G06K9/6298 , G01V11/00 , G06N3/08
摘要： A system and method for selecting a training data set from a set of multidimensional geophysical input data samples for training a model to predict target data. The input data may be data sets produced by a pulsed neutron logging tool at multiple depth points in a cases well. Target data may be responses of an open hole logging tool. The input data is divided into clusters. Actual target data from the training well is linked to the clusters. The linked clusters are analyzed for variance, etc. and fuzzy inference is used to select a portion of each cluster to include in a training set. The reduced set is used to train a model, such as an artificial neural network. The trained model may then be used to produce synthetic open hole logs in response to inputs of cased hole log data.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从一组多维地球物理输入数据样本中选择训练数据集的系统和方法，用于训练模型以预测目标数据。 输入数据可以是在情况良好的多个深度点上由脉冲中子测井工具产生的数据集。 目标数据可能是露天测井工具的响应。 输入数据被分成簇。 来自训练井的实际目标数据与集群有关。 对链接的聚类进行方差分析等，并使用模糊推理来选择每个聚类的一部分以包括在训练集中。 缩减集用于训练模型，如人造神经网络。 然后可以使用经过训练的模型来响应于套管孔日志数据的输入而产生合成开孔日志。
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67.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08234072B2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-31
申请号：US12820576
申请日：2010-06-22
摘要： Methods for determining the locations/heights of fractures in a subterranean formation use a post-fracture log obtained with a compensated neutron or pulsed neutron logging tool. Utilizing predetermined relationships between tool count rates and associated near/far count rate ratios, the methods detect the presence of proppant containing high thermal neutron capture cross-section material, substantially eliminating proppant determination uncertainty resulting from changes in formation hydrogen index. In an interval of a well with given borehole and formation conditions, and not containing proppant, a relationship is developed between detector count rate and near/far ratio. This relationship is used to compute count rate from the ratio in intervals of the well possibly containing proppant and which have similar formation and borehole conditions. The count rate computed from the ratio is compared with the observed detector count rate, with proppant indicated from suppression in observed count rate relative to count rate computed from the ratio.
摘要翻译： 用于确定地层中裂缝的位置/高度的方法使用用补偿的中子或脉冲中子测井工具获得的断裂后测井。 利用工具计数率和相关的近/远计数率之间的预定关系，该方法检测含有高热中子捕获截面材料的支撑剂的存在，基本上消除了由形成氢指数变化导致的支撑剂确定不确定性。 在具有给定钻孔和形成条件的井的间隔内，并且不含支撑剂，在检测器计数率和近/远比之间形成关系。 这种关系用于从可能含有支撑剂的井的间隔的比例计算计数率，并且具有相似的形成和钻孔条件。 将从该比计算的计数率与观察到的检测器计数率进行比较，其中支撑剂以观察到的计数率相对于根据比率计算的计数率表示抑制。
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68.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08214151B2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-03
申请号：US12425884
申请日：2009-04-17
摘要： Methods are provided for determining the locations and heights of fractures in a subterranean formation using a neutron-emitting logging tool. Utilizing predetermined relationships (1) between logging tool count rates and associated apparent formation hydrogen index values and (2) between logging tool count rate ratios and associated apparent formation hydrogen index values, the methods detect the presence and heights in the formation of proppant containing high thermal neutron capture cross section material in a manner substantially eliminating proppant determination uncertainty resulting from a prior change in formation hydrogen index values. A second, associated, method employing logging tool count rates and count rate ratios to determine the presence of proppant containing high thermal neutron capture cross section absorbers utilizes a crossplot of count rate versus ratio. Logged intervals containing no proppant will fall on a trend/trendline on the crossplot, whereas logged intervals containing proppant will fall off from this trend/trendline.
摘要翻译： 提供了使用中子发射测井工具确定地下地层中裂缝的位置和高度的方法。 利用预定的关系（1）记录工具计数率和相关的表观形成氢指数值，以及（2）记录工具计数率和相关的表观形成氢指数值之间，该方法检测含高含量支撑剂形成的存在和高度 热中子捕获截面材料，其方式基本上消除了由于形成氢指数值的先前变化而导致的支撑剂确定不确定性。 使用测井工具计数率和计数速率比率的第二种相关联方法来确定含有高热中子捕获截面吸收剂的支撑剂的存在利用计数速率与比率的交叉图。 不含支撑剂的记录间隔将落在交叉图上的趋势/趋势线上，而含有支撑剂的记录间隔将从该趋势/趋势线脱落。
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69.发明授权Neural network based well log synthesis with reduced usage of radioisotopic sources 有权基于神经网络的井记录综合，减少放射性同位素来源的使用公开(公告)号：US07587373B2
公开(公告)日：2009-09-08
申请号：US11270284
申请日：2005-11-09
CPC分类号： G06N3/086 , G06N3/0454
摘要： Logging systems and methods are disclosed to reduce usage of radioisotopic sources. Some embodiments comprise collecting at least one output log of a training well bore from measurements with a radioisotopic source; collecting at least one input log of the training well bore from measurements by a non-radioisotopic logging tool; training a neural network to predict the output log from the at least one input log; collecting at least one input log of a development well bore from measurements by the non-radioisotopic logging tool; and processing the at least one input log of the development well bore to synthesize at least one output log of the development well bore. The output logs may include formation density and neutron porosity logs.
摘要翻译： 公开了记录系统和方法以减少放射性同位素源的使用。 一些实施例包括从具有放射性同位素源的测量中收集训练井的至少一个输出日志; 从非放射性同位素测井工具的测量中收集训练井的至少一个输入日志; 训练神经网络以从至少一个输入日志预测输出日志; 从非放射性同位素测井工具的测量中收集开发井眼的至少一个输入日志; 以及处理所述开发井的所述至少一个输入对数以合成所述显影井的至少一个输出对数。 输出原木可包括地层密度和中子孔隙度日志。
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70.发明申请Methods of Identifying High Neutron Capture Cross Section Doped Proppant in Induced Subterranean Formation Fractures 有权识别诱导地下形成骨折中高中子捕获横截面掺杂支原体的方法公开(公告)号：US20090210161A1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-20
申请号：US12425884
申请日：2009-04-17
IPC分类号： G01V5/04
摘要： Methods are provided for determining the locations and heights of fractures in a subterranean formation using a neutron-emitting logging tool. Utilizing predetermined relationships (1) between logging tool count rates and associated apparent formation hydrogen index values and (2) between logging tool count rate ratios and associated apparent formation hydrogen index values, the methods detect the presence and heights in the formation of proppant containing high thermal neutron capture cross section material in a manner substantially eliminating proppant determination uncertainty resulting from a prior change in formation hydrogen index values. A second, associated, method employing logging tool count rates and count rate ratios to determine the presence of proppant containing high thermal neutron capture cross section absorbers utilizes a crossplot of count rate versus ratio. Logged intervals containing no proppant will fall on a trend/trendline on the crossplot, whereas logged intervals containing proppant will fall off from this trend/trendline.
摘要翻译： 提供了使用中子发射测井工具确定地下地层中裂缝的位置和高度的方法。 利用预定的关系（1）记录工具计数率和相关的表观形成氢指数值，以及（2）记录工具计数率和相关的表观形成氢指数值之间，该方法检测含高含量支撑剂形成的存在和高度 热中子捕获截面材料，其方式基本上消除了由于形成氢指数值的先前变化而导致的支撑剂确定不确定性。 使用测井工具计数率和计数速率比率的第二种相关联方法来确定含有高热中子捕获截面吸收剂的支撑剂的存在利用计数速率与比率的交叉图。 不含支撑剂的记录间隔将落在交叉图上的趋势/趋势线上，而含有支撑剂的记录间隔将从该趋势/趋势线脱落。
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