公开(公告)号：US20220034827A1

公开(公告)日：2022-02-03

申请号：US17376321

申请日：2021-07-15

申请人： Rotem Ind. Ltd.

发明人： Alon Osovizky ,  Dimitry Ginzburg

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  G01N23/2204

摘要： A system and method for monitoring one or more radioactive nuclides present in a stack flow consist of a first detector having a predetermined first sensitivity to gamma radiation and a second detector having a predetermined second sensitivity to gamma radiation and also a predetermined sensitivity to beta radiation. An enclosure proximal to the second detector defines a detection volume and enables the use of calibration factors which are independent of the geometry and material composition of a stack duct. A signal processor with energy window discrimination analyzes the signals from the two detectors. The use of two or more energy windows enables the identification of the nuclide species present in the stack flow and an accurate background-corrected measurement of the released radiation activity concentration for each of the identified nuclide species.

公开(公告)号：US09205463B2

公开(公告)日：2015-12-08

申请号：US14238158

申请日：2012-08-22

申请人： Christopher P. J. Barty

发明人： Christopher P. J. Barty

IPC分类号： G01N23/00 ,  B07C5/34 ,  G01N23/221 ,  G01N23/10 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/06 ,  H05G2/00

CPC分类号： G01F1/7042 ,  B07C5/3416 ,  B07C5/346 ,  G01N23/095 ,  G01N23/10 ,  G01N23/221 ,  G01N2223/043 ,  G01N2223/074 ,  G01N2223/626 ,  G01N2223/639 ,  G01V5/0069 ,  G01V5/0091 ,  H05G2/00

摘要： A laser-based mono-energetic gamma-ray source is used to provide a rapid and unique, isotope specific method for sorting materials. The objects to be sorted are passed on a conveyor in front of a MEGa-ray beam which has been tuned to the nuclear resonance fluorescence transition of the desired material. As the material containing the desired isotope traverses the beam, a reduction in the transmitted MEGa-ray beam occurs. Alternately, the laser-based mono-energetic gamma-ray source is used to provide non-destructive and non-intrusive, quantitative determination of the absolute amount of a specific isotope contained within pipe as part of a moving fluid or quasi-fluid material stream.

摘要翻译： 基于激光的单能伽马射线源用于提供用于分选材料的快速和独特的同位素特异性方法。 要分选的物体在已经调谐到所需材料的核共振荧光转变的MEGa射线束前面的输送机上通过。 由于含有所需同位素的材料穿过光束，所以发射的MEGa射线束的发生减少。 或者，基于激光的单能伽马射线源用于提供非破坏性和非侵入性的定量测定管内包含的特定同位素的绝对量，作为移动流体或准液体材料流的一部分 。

公开(公告)号：US5665562A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-09

申请号：US373316

申请日：1995-01-17

申请人： Neil David Cook

发明人： Neil David Cook

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  B01L3/00 ,  C12M1/32 ,  C12M1/34 ,  C12M3/00 ,  C12M3/04 ,  C12Q1/02 ,  G01N33/60 ,  C12Q1/16 ,  G01N23/06

CPC分类号： B01L3/5085 ,  C12M23/12 ,  C12M23/20 ,  C12M23/22 ,  Y10S436/804

摘要： Apparatus and method for studying cellular processes comprise a vessel having a base including a layer comprising a scintillant substance and which is adapted for attachment and/or growth of cells. Cellular processes are examined by scintillation proximity assay using a reagent labelled with a radioisotope.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB94 / 01040 Sec。 371日期1995年1月17日 102（e）日期1995年1月17日PCT 1994年5月16日PCT公布。 公开号WO94 / 26413 日期1994年11月24日用于研究细胞过程的装置和方法包括具有包括闪烁体物质并且适于细胞附着和/或生长的层的基底的血管。 通过使用用放射性同位素标记的试剂的闪烁亲近测定来检查细胞过程。

公开(公告)号：US5323004A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-21

申请号：US053711

申请日：1993-04-27

申请人： Kamil V. Ettinger ,  Joseph H. Brondo

发明人： Kamil V. Ettinger ,  Joseph H. Brondo

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/22

CPC分类号： G01V5/0025 ,  G01N23/221

摘要： An apparatus and method for detecting the presence of an element of interest within an object. The object is positioned where a beam of gamma rays of the required energy are directed to be scattered by the element of interest. The gamma rays are provided by excited atoms of the element of interest. The excited atoms result from the reaction of hydrogen or heavier ions and a suitable target. The excited atoms deexcite, releasing gamma rays which are scattered by the element of interest within the object. The scattered gamma rays are detected, output signals are produced, processed and analyzed to determine the amount of the element of interest within the object. A preferred embodiment relates to the detection of nitrogen-based explosives in luggage.

摘要翻译： 一种用于检测物体内感兴趣的元素的存在的装置和方法。 物体被放置在所需能量的γ射线束被指向要被感兴趣的元素散射的位置。 γ射线由感兴趣元素的激发原子提供。 激发的原子由氢或较重离子和合适的靶的反应产生。 激发的原子释放，释放由物体内感兴趣的元素分散的γ射线。 检测到散射的伽马射线，产生，处理和分析输出信号，以确定物体内感兴趣的元素的量。 优选实施例涉及行李中氮基爆炸物的检测。

公开(公告)号：US5057268A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-15

申请号：US629994

申请日：1990-12-19

申请人： Richard A. Muller

发明人： Richard A. Muller

IPC分类号： D21H21/48 ,  G01N23/221 ,  G07D7/06 ,  G07D7/14

CPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  D21H21/48 ,  G07D7/06 ,  G07D7/14

摘要： Paper notes used as a monetary currency are deuterated. The level of deuteration while not complete, is high. For U.S. currency the level of deuteration is at least 0.1 mg of deuterium for each one dollar in value of the currency note, and preferably at least 0.3 mg. Use of X-ray or gamma ray interrogation with a beam energy above 2 MeV produces a nuclear reaction releasing a neutron from the deuterium nucleus. If the currency is in large concentrations, e.g. $100,000 or more, the neutrons emitted by this reaction are reliably detectable. The deuteration occurs in the cellulose fibers forming the currency. To resist an exchange of hydrogen atoms for deterium atoms, the deuterium atoms can be used in the formation of synthetic cellulose where the deuterium is more deeply buried within the cellulose molecule than in naturally occurring cellulose. The deuterated synthetic fibers are blended with natural, non-deuterated fibers to form the paper. The currency can also include a mechanism, such as dye, to signal attempts to use solvents or otherwise facilitate any such hydrogen substitution.

摘要翻译： 用作货币的纸币是氘化的。 氘代水平不完全高。 对于美国货币，贬值水平对于货币价值的每一美元至少为0.1毫克氘，优选至少为0.3毫克。 使用X射线或γ射线询问，光束能量高于2 MeV会产生从氘核释放中子的核反应。 如果货币是大量的，例如 10万美元以上，这种反应发射的中子是可靠的检测。 在形成货币的纤维素纤维中发生氘化。 为了阻止氢原子交换用于腐蚀原子，氘原子可用于合成纤维素的形成，其中氘比纤维素中天然纤维素分子更深地埋在其中。 氘代合成纤维与天然的非氘化纤维混合形成纸。 该货币还可以包括诸如染料之类的机制来表明尝试使用溶剂或以其他方式促进任何这种氢取代。

公开(公告)号：US4866400A

公开(公告)日：1989-09-12

申请号：US144119

申请日：1988-01-15

申请人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. ,  Thomas H. Becker ,  Michael O. Bedwell

发明人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. ,  Thomas H. Becker ,  Michael O. Bedwell

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  G01R17/06

CPC分类号： G01R17/06

摘要： An automatic pole-zero adjustment circuit is provided for an ionizing radiation spectroscopy system which comprises a pole-zero network circuit, coupled to the system and having an electrical chracteristic which varies as a function of an input control signal, for permitting pole-zero adjustment of the system; a sampling circuit coupled to the system, for sampling a segment of the trailing edge of random pulses passing through the system; and a control signal circuit coupled to the sampling circuit, for generating the input control signal as a function of the sampling to permit cancellation by the pole-zero network circuit of undershoot in the system. The pole-zero network circuit may include a real pole in the signal path of the network circuit set coincident with the real pole of a high pass filter in the system itself. The control signal provided to the pole-zero network circuit is digitized.

公开(公告)号：US4742340A

公开(公告)日：1988-05-03

申请号：US937862

申请日：1986-12-04

申请人： Israel Nowik ,  Jay L. Hirshfield

发明人： Israel Nowik ,  Jay L. Hirshfield

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  B07C5/346 ,  G01V3/00 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01V15/00 ,  G06K7/10 ,  G06K19/10 ,  G07F7/08 ,  G08B13/24 ,  G08B13/18

CPC分类号： G08B13/2442 ,  B07C5/346 ,  G06K19/10 ,  G06K7/10009 ,  G07F7/086 ,  G08B13/2445 ,  G08B13/2471

摘要： A counterfeit detecting method and apparatus are provided for detecting the authenticity of an article having a label containing an isotope of a chemical element enriched to a predetermined amount. The apparatus comprises a housing, a source of gamma radiation positioned in the housing, and a gamma radiation detector positioned in the housing for detecting the radiation from the source. The gamma radiation source is selected to emit radiation which can stimulate a selected nuclear transition in the label material. A calculating device, such as a microprocessor, is coupled to a detector for calculating the ratio of the number of gamma rays counted by the detector during a predetermined period of time when the article is not in position near the receiving member (N.sub.O) to the number of the gamma rays counted by the detector during a period of time equal to the predetermined period when the article is positioned near the receiving member (N.sub.R), and for calculating the ratio of the number of gamma rays counted by the detector during the period of time when the article is not in position near the receiving member (N.sub.O) to the number of gamma rays counted during a period of time equal to the predetermined period when the source is vibrated by the vibrating device (N.sub.E) and for calculating the ratio (N.sub.R /N.sub.O)/(N.sub.E /N.sub.O) and thus N.sub.R /N.sub.E. An output device provides an output indicating whether or not N.sub.R /N.sub.E and N.sub.E /N.sub.O are within a predetermined range.Also, an article is provided capable of being authenticated, in which the article comprises a non-metallic body and a label fixed to the body. The label includes an isotope of a chemical element enriched to a predetermined amount.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于检测具有包含富含预定量的化学元素的同位素的标签的物品的真实性的假冒检测方法和装置。 该装置包括壳体，位于壳体中的伽马辐射源，以及位于壳体中的伽马辐射探测器，用于检测来自源的辐射。 伽马辐射源被选择以发射可以刺激标签材料中选择的核转变的辐射。 诸如微处理器的计算装置被耦合到检测器，用于计算在物品不接近接收构件（NO）的位置的预定时间段期间由检测器计数的伽马射线的数量的比率 在等于物品位于接收构件（NR）附近的预定时段的时间段期间由检测器计数的伽马射线的数量，以及用于计算在该期间中由检测器计数的伽马射线数的比率 （NO）附近的物品相对于等于振动装置（NE）振动源的预定时间段的时间段中计数的伽马射线数量，并计算比率时， （NR / NO）/（NE / NO），因此NR / NE。 输出装置提供表示NR / NE和NE / NO是否在预定范围内的输出。 此外，提供能够被认证的物品，其中物品包括非金属主体和固定到身体的标签。 该标签包括富集至预定量的化学元素的同位素。

公开(公告)号：US4200789A

公开(公告)日：1980-04-29

申请号：US920568

申请日：1978-06-29

申请人： Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr.

发明人： Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr.

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  G01N23/222 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/00

CPC分类号： G01N23/222 ,  G01N2223/0745 ,  G01N2223/635

摘要： In a pipeline or container at any of various petroleum producing operations, a multiphase fluid flowstream containing oil, water and gas is bombarded with neutrons and high energy gamma rays resulting from capture of thermal neutrons are detected. The spectra of the detected gamma rays are then analyzed to determine the ratio of the gamma ray counts of the element sulfur to the element chlorine. From this ratio, the oil and water cuts of the fluid may be measured while eliminating the effects of gas in the flowstream on the measurements.

摘要翻译： 在各种石油生产操作中的管道或容器中，含有油，水和气体的多相流体流动流被中子轰击，并且检测到由捕获热中子产生的高能伽马射线。 然后分析检测到的γ射线的光谱，以确定元素硫与元素氯的伽马射线计数的比率。 从该比例，可以测量流体的油和水切口，同时消除流动流中的气体对测量的影响。

公开(公告)号：US3924125A

公开(公告)日：1975-12-02

申请号：US48128974

申请日：1974-06-20

申请人： US NAVY

发明人： MURRAY KENNETH M

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  G01T1/178 ,  G21H5/00 ,  G01T1/16 ,  G21H5/02

CPC分类号： G01T1/178 ,  G01N23/221 ,  G21H5/00

摘要： A method of treating a piece of aluminum and detecting the presence of the treated aluminum in an assembly without disassembly of the parts. The small piece of aluminum is made radioactive by irradiation with x-rays of at least 23 MeV to produce the reaction 27Al( gamma , Alpha n)22Na. The presence of the aluminum part is determined by isotope decay which emits a positron. The positron subsequently annihilates emitting two 180* correlated 0.511006 MeV gamma rays. These gamma rays are detected in coincidence by use of a pair of detectors and associated coincidence and counting electronics.

摘要翻译： 一种处理铝的方法，并且在组装中检测处理的铝的存在而不拆卸部件。 通过用至少23MeV的X射线照射使小块铝放射性，产生反应27Al（γ，αn）22Na。 铝部分的存在由同位素衰变确定，其发射正电子。 正电子随后消灭了两个180度相关的0.511006MeV伽马射线。 这些伽马射线通过使用一对检测器和相关联的重合和计数电子装置一致地检测。

公开(公告)号：US3832545A

公开(公告)日：1974-08-27

申请号：US29090172

申请日：1972-09-28

申请人： WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP

发明人： BARTKO J

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  G01N23/22 ,  G01N33/22 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01T1/203

CPC分类号： G01V5/0008 ,  G01V5/0069

摘要： The invention pertains to a nuclear technique for monitoring objects such as luggage and parcels to determine the presence of specified nitrogen containing materials such as explosives as a function of the nitrogen content and concentration profile. Objects to be analyzed to determine the presence of nitrogen are subjected to a thermal neutron environment and the gamma ray radiation produced by the object in response to nitrogen reactions is monitored by gamma ray detectors. The gamma ray detectors produce indications of the nitrogen content of the object and the concentration profile of the nitrogen in the object. The information provided by the gamma ray detectors is processed to determine if the measured nitrogen content and concentration corresponds to a class of nitrogen containing material of interest, i.e. explosives.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于监测物体（例如行李和包裹）的核技术，以确定作为氮含量和浓度分布的函数的指定含氮材料如爆炸物的存在。 要分析以确定氮气存在的物体经受热中子环境，并且由伽马射线检测器监测由物体响应于氮气反应产生的伽马射线辐射。 γ射线检测器产生对象的氮含量和物体中氮的浓度分布的指示。 处理由伽马射线检测器提供的信息以确定测量的氮含量和浓度是否对应于一类目标含氮材料，即爆炸物。