公开(公告)号：US06212956B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-10

申请号：US09221636

申请日：1998-12-23

Applicant: David K. Donald ,  Leslie A. Field ,  Phillip W. Barth ,  Storrs T. Hoen

Inventor： David K. Donald ,  Leslie A. Field ,  Phillip W. Barth ,  Storrs T. Hoen

IPC: G01L912

CPC classification number: G01V3/088 ,  G01N27/221

Abstract: A gas or liquid detector that includes a capacitative sensor and a capacitance detector. The capacitative sensor includes a first electrode and a second electrode separated from one another, and additionally includes Debye elements extant in the liquid adjacent such portions of the electrodes that are in contact with the liquid. The Debye elements each include a Debye capacitor with an associated shunt conductor. The shunt conductor has an exponentially-increasing conductance versus voltage characteristic. The Debye element adjacent the first electrode and the Debye element adjacent the second electrode are connected in series by conduction through the liquid. The Debye element adjacent at least the first electrode has a substantially greater capacitance than the capacitance between the electrodes absent the Debye elements. The capacitance detector is connected to the capacitative sensor and measures the capacitance of the capacitative sensor by applying an alternating voltage between the electrodes. The alternating voltage has a voltage amplitude less than the voltage amplitude at which the Debye element extant adjacent at least the first electrode ceases to be predominantly capacitative. By measuring the capacitance of the capacitative sensor using an alternating voltage having a voltage amplitude less than the voltage amplitude at which the Debye element ceases to be predominantly capacitative, the capacitances measured are one or more orders of magnitude greater than the capacitances conventionally measured between electrodes in contact with a liquid.

Abstract translation: 包括电容传感器和电容检测器的气体或液体检测器。 电容传感器包括彼此分离的第一电极和第二电极，并且还包括与液体相邻的与电极接触的这些部分中的液体中存在的德拜元件。 德拜元件各自包括具有相关联的分流导体的德拜电容器。 分流导体具有指数增加的电导与电压特性。 邻近第一电极的德拜元件和与第二电极相邻的德拜元件通过液体导通而串联连接。 至少第一电极相邻的德拜元件具有比不存在德拜元件的电极之间的电容大得多的电容。 电容检测器连接到电容传感器，并通过在电极之间施加交流电压来测量电容传感器的电容。 交变电压的电压幅度小于与至少第一电极相邻的德拜元件不再主要是电容的电压幅度。 通过使用具有小于德拜元件停止主要是电容的电压幅度的电压幅度的交流电压来测量电容性传感器的电容，所测量的电容比电极之间常规测量的电容大一个或多个数量级 与液体接触。

公开(公告)号：US5709773A

公开(公告)日：1998-01-20

申请号：US749588

申请日：1996-11-15

Applicant: Leslie A. Field ,  Phillip W. Barth

Inventor： Leslie A. Field ,  Phillip W. Barth

IPC: G02B6/24 ,  G02B6/36 ,  G02B6/38 ,  G02B6/42 ,  H01L21/306 ,  H01L21/00 ,  B44C1/22

CPC classification number: G02B6/3692 ,  G02B6/3636 ,  G02B6/3838 ,  G02B6/4231 ,  Y10T428/2982

Abstract: A flexible and efficient bulk micromachining method for fabricating a novel microstructure that is bounded by substantially planar surfaces meeting only at substantially right angle corner features. The novel microstructure of the present invention is useful as a spacer in assembly processes where high accuracy is required, such as precise positioning of optical fibers or conductors. In the preferred embodiment, the microstructure of the present invention includes a shelf feature disposed along a height dimension of the microstructure, which is required for some applications. The bulk micromachining method of the present invention includes providing a first substrate having a top planar surface and an opposing planar surface. The opposing surface of the substrate is anisotropically etched to provide a first thinned region. The top surface of the first substrate is anisotropically etched so that a first recessed feature having a vertical side is made integral with the first thinned region. Similarly, a second substrate having a top planar surface and an opposing planar surface is provided. The opposing surface of the second substrate is anisotropically etched to provide a second thinned region. The top surface of the second substrate is anisotropically etched so that a second recessed feature having a vertical side wall is made integral with the second thinned region. The top surface of the first substrate is aligned and coupled with the top surface of the second substrate to produce the desired microstructure. The substrates are cut or sawn to free the microstructure.

公开(公告)号：US4579831A

公开(公告)日：1986-04-01

申请号：US480033

申请日：1983-03-29

Applicant: Leslie A. Field

Inventor： Leslie A. Field

IPC: B01J29/068 ,  B01J29/12 ,  B01J21/04

CPC classification number: B01J29/068

Abstract: A method of forming a sulfur-resistant catalyst is disclosed wherein a zeolite is bound with an alumina containing either an alkali or alkaline earth component. In one embodiment of this method, a solution of an alkali metal aluminate or alkaline earth metal aluminate is formed, the pH of the alkali metal aluminate solution is adjusted to a pH of from 6 to 8, and the solution is aged and mulled with a large-pore zeolite to form a mixture. This mixture is extruded to form an extrudate, which is dried, calcined, and impregnated with a Group VIII metal to form a catalyst. Finally, the catalyst is dried and calcined.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种形成耐硫催化剂的方法，其中沸石与含有碱金属或碱土金属的氧化铝结合。 在该方法的一个实施方案中，形成碱金属铝酸盐或碱土金属铝酸盐的溶液，将碱金属铝酸盐溶液的pH调节至6至8的pH，并将溶液老化和研磨 大孔沸石形成混合物。 将该混合物挤出以形成挤出物，其用VIII族金属进行干燥，煅烧和浸渍以形成催化剂。 最后，将催化剂干燥并煅烧。