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公开(公告)号：US5635712A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-03
申请号：US434669
申请日：1995-05-04
CPC分类号： E21B47/1015 , E21B43/26 , E21B49/006
摘要： A method for real-time monitoring of fracture extension during a fracturing treatment of a producing subterranean formation. A radioactive tracer injector is coupled to and spaced from a gamma ray detector by a distance approximately equal to a distance from a point of injection during fracturing to a boundary between the desired interval to be fractured and an adjacent formation which it is desired not to fracture. A programmed central processing unit positioned at a surface location receives spectral signals generated by the gamma ray detector during the fracturing treatment and generates a fracture penetration signal and a fracture injection pump control signal that stops a fracture injection pump whenever the fracture extension signal indicates the presence of radioactive tracer material within the producing subterranean formation at the depth location of the gamma ray detector. The programmed central processing unit distinguishes between the presence of radioactive tracer material within the formation versus radioactive tracer material within the borehole itself.
摘要翻译： 一种在生产地下岩层压裂处理过程中实时监测裂缝延伸的方法。 放射性示踪剂注射器与伽马射线探测器耦合并与伽马射线探测器隔开一段距离，该距离大约等于在压裂期间从注射点到要断裂的期望间隔与期望不断裂的相邻地层之间的边界的距离 。 位于表面位置的编程中央处理单元在压裂处理期间接收由伽马射线检测器产生的光谱信号，并产生裂缝穿透信号和断裂注射泵控制信号，每当断裂延伸信号表示存在 在伽马射线检测器的深度位置处的生产地下地层内的放射性示踪材料。 编程的中央处理单元区分地层内的放射性示踪材料与钻孔本身内的放射性示踪材料的存在。
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公开(公告)号：US5578820A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-26
申请号：US430985
申请日：1995-04-28
CPC分类号： G01V5/06
摘要： A method is disclosed for determining the thickness of cement that has been placed in an annulus between a casing string and a wellbore penetrating a formation, wherein the method includes the steps of: logging the amount of radioactivity emitted by a radioactive material in the formation prior to emplacement of the casing and cement, including in the cement an amount of the radioactive material, placing the casing and cement in the wellbore, logging the amount of radioactivity emitted by the radioactive material and transmitted through the casing and calculating the amount of cement in the annulus by determining the amount of the radioactive material in the annulus.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于确定已经放置在穿过地层的套管柱和井眼之间的环形空间中的水泥厚度的方法，其中该方法包括以下步骤：记录放射性物质在地层中发射的放射性量 将套管和水泥包括在水泥中的一定量的放射性物质，将套管和水泥放置在井眼中，记录放射性物质排放的放射性量并通过套管传输并计算出水泥的数量 通过确定环带中的放射性物质的量来确定环带。
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公开(公告)号：US5434408A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-18
申请号：US17898
申请日：1993-02-16
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： A system for use in cased well boreholes for measuring gamma ray spectra induced by bombardment of earth formations in the vicinity of the borehole with fast neutrons. Monoenergetic fast neutrons emitted in repetitive pulses penetrate the borehole structure and enter earth formations in the vicinity of the borehole and are moderated by elastic and inelastic scattering to thermal energy and captured by the nuclei of elements in and about the borehole. A scintillation detector optically coupled to a photomultiplier detects gamma radiation induced by the neutrons and produces electrical pulses with amplitudes representative of the energy of gamma rays. A pulse height analyzer connected to the output of the detector and photomultiplier separates the electrical pulses into a spectrum representative of the gamma ray energy spectrum. A timing circuit generates time gate signals to separate the electrical pulses into those of fast neutron induced gamma rays, thermal neutron capture gamma rays, and background gamma rays prior to sending the pulses to the pulse height analyzer. The timing cycle has a fast subcycle in which pulses representative substantially only of fast neutron induced gamma rays and thermal neutron capture gamma rays are sent to the pulse height analyzer and a slow subcycle portion in which pulses substantially representative only of thermal neutron capture gamma rays and background gamma rays are sent to the pulse height analyzer.
摘要翻译： 一种用于测量通过在具有快中子的钻孔附近轰击地层形成而产生的伽马射线光谱的套管井眼井眼系统。 以重复脉冲发射的单能快中子穿透钻孔结构，并进入钻孔附近的地层，并通过弹性和非弹性散射到热能并被钻孔内和周围的元素的核捕获而缓和。 光耦合到光电倍增管的闪烁检测器检测由中子诱发的伽马辐射并产生具有代表γ射线能量的幅度的电脉冲。 连接到检测器和光电倍增管的输出端的脉冲高度分析器将电脉冲分成代表伽马射线能谱的光谱。 在将脉冲发送到脉冲高度分析器之前，定时电路产生时间门信号以将电脉冲分离成快中子诱导的γ射线，热中子俘获伽马射线和背景伽马射线。 定时周期具有快速的子周期，其中基本上仅表示快中子诱导的γ射线和热中子俘获伽马射线的脉冲被发送到脉冲高度分析器和慢的子周期部分，其中基本仅代表热中子俘获伽马射线的脉冲和 背景伽马射线被发送到脉冲高度分析仪。
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74.发明授权Method and apparatus for anomalous radioactive deposition compensation in spectral gamma ray well logging 失效光谱伽马射线测井中异常放射性沉积补偿的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4717825A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-05
申请号：US888602
申请日：1986-07-23
摘要： A method and apparatus (108) are disclosed for spectral gamma ray logging of a well borehole (106) to determine elemental concentrations of radioactive materials in subsurface earth formations (100) and in the borehole region. Anomalous radioactive deposition in the borehole region is identified and the effect thereof compensated for in the elemental concentration determinations.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于井眼（106）的光谱伽马射线测井以确定地下地层（100）和钻孔区域中的放射性材料的元素浓度的方法和装置（108）。 确定井眼区域中的异常放射性沉积，并在元素浓度测定中补偿其影响。
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75.发明授权Borehole compensation method and apparatus using variations in relative borehole components 失效井眼补偿方法和使用相对井眼部件变化的装置
公开(公告)号：US4691102A
公开(公告)日：1987-09-01
申请号：US745723
申请日：1985-06-17
CPC分类号： G01V5/125
摘要： Compensation of photoelectric absorption measurements for borehole effects during nuclear logging of downhole earth formations is accomplished by detecting low energy gamma radiations entering two detectors in the logging tool along paths having substantially constant formation components but varying borehole components.
摘要翻译： 通过检测在测井工具中沿着具有基本上恒定的地层构件但具有变化的钻孔构件的路径进入两个检测器的低能伽马辐射来实现对井下地层地层岩心效应的光电吸收测量的补偿。
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公开(公告)号：US4492864A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-08
申请号：US288441
申请日：1981-07-31
摘要： This invention relates to an improved method for determining the oil saturation of subsurface earth formations in the vicinity of a well borehole. High energy neutrons irradiate the subsurface earth formations and gamma rays caused by inelastic scatter with the subsurface earth formation constituent materials are measured. For a chosen borehole depth, gamma ray logs are taken in different situations: first, with the formation fluid water and oil mixture in an undisturbed state; second, after flushing the formation with alcohol to displace the formation water and oil mixture; and, finally, after flushing the alcohol from the formation with water to obtain a measurement with no oil in the formation. The gamma ray measurements obtained are then used to determine the oil saturation without requiring knowledge of the porosity of the earth formation, borehole conditions or formation type. When the original oil content of the formation is at a naturally flushed, or residual, oil saturation, the present invention may be used to determine the residual oil saturation.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于确定井眼附近地下地层的油饱和度的改进方法。 高能中子照射地下地层，测量由地下地层构成材料引起的非弹性散射造成的伽马射线。 对于选定的钻孔深度，在不同的情况下采集伽马射线原木：首先，地层流体的水和油混合物处于未受干扰状态; 第二，用酒精冲洗地层以置换地层水和油混合物; 最后，用水从地层中冲洗酒精后，在地层中不用油进行测量。 然后使用所获得的伽马射线测量来确定油饱和度，而不需要了解地层的孔隙度，钻孔条件或地层类型。 当地层的原始油含量处于自然冲洗或残余的油饱和时，可以使用本发明来确定残油饱和度。
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77.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4424444A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-03
申请号：US394219
申请日：1982-07-01
申请人： Harry D. Smith, Jr. , Dan M. Arnold
发明人： Harry D. Smith, Jr. , Dan M. Arnold
IPC分类号： G01N23/222 , G01V5/10 , G01V5/00
CPC分类号： G01V5/102 , G01N23/222 , G01N2223/0745 , G01N2223/616
摘要： The present invention concerns methods for measuring simultaneously the formation and borehole components of thermal neutron lifetime as decay time. The borehole and formation are irradiated with pulsed 14 MEV neutrons. During the interval between neutron pulses the capture gamma radiation is measured in at least four, non-overlapping, contiguous time gates. A background radiation measurement is also periodically made. The background corrected capture gamma radiation measurements are combined to derive simultaneously, the formation and borehole neutron lifetime components which are then recorded as a function of borehole depth.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及同时测量热中子寿命的形成和钻孔成分作为衰减时间的方法。 用脉冲14 MEV中子照射井眼和地层。 在中子脉冲之间的间隔期间，在至少四个非重叠的连续时间门中测量捕获伽马辐射。 还定期进行背景辐射测量。 将背景校正的捕获伽马辐射测量结合起来同时导出，然后将其形成和钻孔中子寿命分量记录为钻孔深度的函数。
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78.发明授权Earth formation salinity by comparison of inelastic and capture gamma ray spectra 失效通过比较非弹性和捕获伽马射线谱的地球形成盐度
公开(公告)号：US4020342A
公开(公告)日：1977-04-26
申请号：US643230
申请日：1975-12-22
CPC分类号： G01V5/102
摘要： Background corrected inelastic neutron scattering gamma ray counts for selected energy regions of the gamma ray spectrum corresponding to calcium and silicon are compared with thermal neutron capture gamma ray counts for selected energy regions of the gamma ray spectrum. These data are functionally related to chlorine presence and are used to derive an estimate of the salinity of earth formations. The inelastic scattering and thermal neutron capture gamma ray data are separated from each other by the use of a pulse neutron source and time gating techniques.
摘要翻译： 将对应于钙和硅的伽马射线谱的选定能量区域的背景校正的非弹性中子散射伽马射线计数与伽马射线谱的选定能量区域的热中子捕获伽马射线计数进行比较。 这些数据在功能上与氯存在有关，并用于推导地层盐度的估计。 非弹性散射和热中子俘获伽马射线数据通过使用脉冲中子源和时间门控技术彼此分离。
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公开(公告)号：US4002904A
公开(公告)日：1977-01-11
申请号：US534987
申请日：1974-12-20
CPC分类号： G01V5/108
摘要： A system for logging earth formations traversed by a borehole wherein a high energy pulsed neutron source (14 MeV) repetitively irradiates earth formations. Two time gates operated after each neutron pulse are provided for detecting count rates from which the decay time and the macroscopic capture cross-section .SIGMA. can be determined. Background gate means are also provided to eliminate the effects of background and detector radiation. In the detection system, output pulses whose voltage level is proportional to the energy detected are produced. A cut-off voltage level is set at approximately 0.8 MeV, which is above the energy of gamma rays produced following neutron capture by the element Boron and below the energy of most gamma rays produced following capture by all other significant formation elements. By comparison of the count rates (obtained by summing these voltage pulses) in a Boron containing formation with macroscopic capture cross-section .SIGMA. to the count rate in an unborated formation having the same .SIGMA. value, the concentration of boron can be determined and plotted as a function of depth.
摘要翻译： 用于记录由钻孔穿过的地层的系统，其中高能脉冲中子源（14MeV）重复地照射地层。 在提供每个中子脉冲之后操作的两个时间门用于检测可以确定衰减时间和宏观捕获截面SIGMA的计数速率。 还提供背景门装置以消除背景和检测器辐射的影响。 在检测系统中，产生其电压电平与检测到的能量成比例的输出脉冲。 截止电压电平设定为约0.8MeV，高于元素硼中子俘获后产生的伽马射线的能量，并低于所有其他显着形成元素捕获后产生的大多数γ射线的能量。 通过将具有宏观捕获截面SIGMA的含硼地层中的计数率（通过将这些电压脉冲求和获得）与具有相同SIGMA值的未硼化地层中的计数速率进行比较，可以确定硼的浓度并绘制为 深度的功能。
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