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公开(公告)号：US5486695A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-23
申请号：US219062
申请日：1994-03-29
申请人： Ward E. Schultz , Gordon L. Moake
发明人： Ward E. Schultz , Gordon L. Moake
CPC分类号： E21B47/082 , E21B47/124 , E21B49/00 , G01V5/08
摘要： A standoff compensation system is disclosed for use in an LWD system implementing gamma density and/or neutron porosity measurements. An acoustic transducer is provided to measure the standoff distance between the logging tool and the borehole wall. The present invention includes a downhole processor for determining a weighting factor for the density and/or porosity measurements based upon the measured standoff distance. The weighting factor can either be calculated by the downhole processor according to a predetermined weighting function, or can be retrieved from a pre-calculated look-up table in ROM. The processor then multiplies the weighting factor by the count data from the sensor to determine a weighted count value. The weighted count values are accumulated during an averaging period and normalized, so that a single normalized count value can be generated and either stored in downhole memory, used immediately, or transmitted by telemetry to the surface.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于实施γ密度和/或中子孔隙度测量的LWD系统中的对立补偿系统。 提供一个声学换能器来测量测井工具与钻孔壁之间的距离。 本发明包括井下处理器，用于基于所测量的间隔距离确定密度和/或孔隙度测量的加权因子。 加权因子可以由井下处理器根据预定的加权函数计算，或者可以从ROM中的预先计算的查找表中检索。 然后处理器将加权因子乘以来自传感器的计数数据，以确定加权计数值。 加权计数值在平均周期内累积并归一化，从而可以生成单个归一化计数值，并存储在井下存储器中，立即使用或通过遥测传输到表面。
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2.发明授权Nuclear well logging with neutron source and separate spaced radiation detectors to determine silicon/oxygen ratio 失效用中子源和分开的间隔辐射探测器进行核测井，以确定硅/氧比
公开(公告)号：US4380701A
公开(公告)日：1983-04-19
申请号：US192967
申请日：1980-10-02
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： Earth formations surrounding a well borehole are bombarded with high energy neutrons which react with chemical elements in the formation components, giving rise to gamma radiation. The gamma radiation is detected by two separate, spaced detectors from which well logs are obtained indicating a ratio of the relative presence of silicon to oxygen in the formations.
摘要翻译： 围绕井眼的地层被高能中子轰击，其与地层成分中的化学元素反应，产生γ辐射。 伽马辐射由两个分开的间隔检测器检测，从中获得的测井指示了地层中硅与氧的相对存在的比率。
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公开(公告)号：US4122340A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-24
申请号：US789059
申请日：1977-04-20
CPC分类号： G01V5/105
摘要： An improved pulsed neutron porosity logging system is provided in the present invention. A logging tool provided with a 14 MEV pulsed neutron source, an epithermal neutron detector, and a fast neutron detector is moved through a borehole. Repetitive bursts of neutrons irradiate the earth formations and, during the bursts, the fast neutron population is sampled. During the interval between bursts the epithermal neutron population is sampled along with background gamma radiation due to lingering thermal neutrons. The fast and epithermal neutron population measurements are combined to provide a measurement of formation porosity.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种改进的脉冲中子孔隙测井系统。 设有14 MEV脉冲中子源，超热中子检测器和快中子检测器的测井工具通过钻孔移动。 重复爆发的中子照射到地层，并在爆发期间对快中子群进行采样。 在爆发间隔期间，由于滞留的热中子，超热中子群与背景伽马辐射一起被采样。 将快速和超热中子群体测量结合起来以提供地层孔隙度的测量。
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4.发明授权Pulsed neutron logging system for inelastic scattering gamma rays with gain compensation 失效用于具有增益补偿的非弹性散射γ射线的脉冲中子测井系统
公开(公告)号：US3939343A
公开(公告)日：1976-02-17
申请号：US447593
申请日：1974-03-04
CPC分类号： G01V5/102
摘要： An illustrative embodiment of the invention includes methods for linearizing the gain of borehole gamma ray energy measurement apparatus. A known energy peak (or peaks) which is prominent in the gamma ray energy spectra of borehole measurements is monitored and any drift in its apparent location in the energy spectrum is used to generate an error voltage. The error voltage is applied in an inverse feedback manner to control the gain of system amplifiers to cancel the drift.
摘要翻译： 本发明的说明性实施例包括用于线性化井眼γ射线能量测量装置的增益的方法。 监测在井眼测量的伽马射线能谱中突出的已知能量峰（或峰），并且使用能谱中其表观位置的任何漂移来产生误差电压。 以反向反馈方式施加误差电压，以控制系统放大器的增益来消除漂移。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4665486A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-12
申请号：US625345
申请日：1984-06-27
申请人： Ward E. Schultz
发明人： Ward E. Schultz
CPC分类号： G01V3/38 , G01V1/364 , G01V2210/20
摘要： Statistical variations in nuclear borehole logs are reduced using digital moving average data processing while maintaining responsiveness to formation changes, by transitioning through a combination of long and short filtered data as a function of the statistical variation of the differences of the long and short derived averages.
摘要翻译： 使用数字移动平均数据处理同时保持对地层变化的响应，通过将长和短滤波数据的组合转换为长和短衍生平均值的差异的统计变化的函数来减少核井眼测井的统计变化。
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公开(公告)号：US4436996A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-13
申请号：US265736
申请日：1981-05-21
CPC分类号： G01V5/06
摘要： A method of logging earth formations to ascertain relative elemental abundancies of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (T) is disclosed. A natural gamma ray spectrum of an unknown borehole is compared with individual standard gamma ray spectra of potassium, uranium and thorium in at least four energy ranges or bands. Decay peaks of the three elements are encompassed by three of the energy bands and at least one other energy band is used to monitor the changes in shape of the unknown spectrum caused by borehole conditions differing from that of the standard or calibration boreholes. A function derived from the gamma ray count rates in the four bands is used to compensate the elemental abundancies of the three elements to be detected in the unknown spectrum for the effects of differing borehole conditions in the unknown borehole from the standard borehole conditions.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种记录地层以确定钾（K），铀（U）和钍（T）的相对丰度的方法。 将未知钻孔的天然伽马射线谱与至少四个能量范围或频带中的钾，铀和钍的单个标准伽马射线光谱进行比较。 三个元素的衰减峰由三个能带包围，并且至少一个其他能带用于监测由不同于标准或校准钻孔的井眼条件引起的未知光谱的形状变化。 来自四个波段的伽马射线计数率的函数用于补偿未知光谱中待检测的三个元素的元素丰度，以了解来自标准钻孔条件的未知钻孔中不同钻孔条件的影响。
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7.发明授权Borehole compensation method and apparatus using variations in relative borehole components 失效井眼补偿方法和使用相对井眼部件变化的装置
公开(公告)号：US4691102A
公开(公告)日：1987-09-01
申请号：US745723
申请日：1985-06-17
CPC分类号： G01V5/125
摘要： Compensation of photoelectric absorption measurements for borehole effects during nuclear logging of downhole earth formations is accomplished by detecting low energy gamma radiations entering two detectors in the logging tool along paths having substantially constant formation components but varying borehole components.
摘要翻译： 通过检测在测井工具中沿着具有基本上恒定的地层构件但具有变化的钻孔构件的路径进入两个检测器的低能伽马辐射来实现对井下地层地层岩心效应的光电吸收测量的补偿。
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公开(公告)号：US4492864A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-08
申请号：US288441
申请日：1981-07-31
摘要： This invention relates to an improved method for determining the oil saturation of subsurface earth formations in the vicinity of a well borehole. High energy neutrons irradiate the subsurface earth formations and gamma rays caused by inelastic scatter with the subsurface earth formation constituent materials are measured. For a chosen borehole depth, gamma ray logs are taken in different situations: first, with the formation fluid water and oil mixture in an undisturbed state; second, after flushing the formation with alcohol to displace the formation water and oil mixture; and, finally, after flushing the alcohol from the formation with water to obtain a measurement with no oil in the formation. The gamma ray measurements obtained are then used to determine the oil saturation without requiring knowledge of the porosity of the earth formation, borehole conditions or formation type. When the original oil content of the formation is at a naturally flushed, or residual, oil saturation, the present invention may be used to determine the residual oil saturation.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于确定井眼附近地下地层的油饱和度的改进方法。 高能中子照射地下地层，测量由地下地层构成材料引起的非弹性散射造成的伽马射线。 对于选定的钻孔深度，在不同的情况下采集伽马射线原木：首先，地层流体的水和油混合物处于未受干扰状态; 第二，用酒精冲洗地层以置换地层水和油混合物; 最后，用水从地层中冲洗酒精后，在地层中不用油进行测量。 然后使用所获得的伽马射线测量来确定油饱和度，而不需要了解地层的孔隙度，钻孔条件或地层类型。 当地层的原始油含量处于自然冲洗或残余的油饱和时，可以使用本发明来确定残油饱和度。
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9.发明授权Earth formation salinity by comparison of inelastic and capture gamma ray spectra 失效通过比较非弹性和捕获伽马射线谱的地球形成盐度
公开(公告)号：US4020342A
公开(公告)日：1977-04-26
申请号：US643230
申请日：1975-12-22
CPC分类号： G01V5/102
摘要： Background corrected inelastic neutron scattering gamma ray counts for selected energy regions of the gamma ray spectrum corresponding to calcium and silicon are compared with thermal neutron capture gamma ray counts for selected energy regions of the gamma ray spectrum. These data are functionally related to chlorine presence and are used to derive an estimate of the salinity of earth formations. The inelastic scattering and thermal neutron capture gamma ray data are separated from each other by the use of a pulse neutron source and time gating techniques.
摘要翻译： 将对应于钙和硅的伽马射线谱的选定能量区域的背景校正的非弹性中子散射伽马射线计数与伽马射线谱的选定能量区域的热中子捕获伽马射线计数进行比较。 这些数据在功能上与氯存在有关，并用于推导地层盐度的估计。 非弹性散射和热中子俘获伽马射线数据通过使用脉冲中子源和时间门控技术彼此分离。
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公开(公告)号：US4002904A
公开(公告)日：1977-01-11
申请号：US534987
申请日：1974-12-20
CPC分类号： G01V5/108
摘要： A system for logging earth formations traversed by a borehole wherein a high energy pulsed neutron source (14 MeV) repetitively irradiates earth formations. Two time gates operated after each neutron pulse are provided for detecting count rates from which the decay time and the macroscopic capture cross-section .SIGMA. can be determined. Background gate means are also provided to eliminate the effects of background and detector radiation. In the detection system, output pulses whose voltage level is proportional to the energy detected are produced. A cut-off voltage level is set at approximately 0.8 MeV, which is above the energy of gamma rays produced following neutron capture by the element Boron and below the energy of most gamma rays produced following capture by all other significant formation elements. By comparison of the count rates (obtained by summing these voltage pulses) in a Boron containing formation with macroscopic capture cross-section .SIGMA. to the count rate in an unborated formation having the same .SIGMA. value, the concentration of boron can be determined and plotted as a function of depth.
摘要翻译： 用于记录由钻孔穿过的地层的系统，其中高能脉冲中子源（14MeV）重复地照射地层。 在提供每个中子脉冲之后操作的两个时间门用于检测可以确定衰减时间和宏观捕获截面SIGMA的计数速率。 还提供背景门装置以消除背景和检测器辐射的影响。 在检测系统中，产生其电压电平与检测到的能量成比例的输出脉冲。 截止电压电平设定为约0.8MeV，高于元素硼中子俘获后产生的伽马射线的能量，并低于所有其他显着形成元素捕获后产生的大多数γ射线的能量。 通过将具有宏观捕获截面SIGMA的含硼地层中的计数率（通过将这些电压脉冲求和获得）与具有相同SIGMA值的未硼化地层中的计数速率进行比较，可以确定硼的浓度并绘制为 深度的功能。
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