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公开(公告)号：US4859052A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-22
申请号：US268629
申请日：1988-11-04
IPC分类号： A61B3/028
CPC分类号： A61B3/028
摘要： A portable screen assembly for use in combination with a series of visual acuity testing cards to test the visual acuity of an infant or otherwise functionally young (handicapped) person requiring to be held by another person comprises a three-panel screen wherein two side panels are hingedly connected to a main panel in such manner that they can be moved from folded positions overlying the back face of the main panel to positions wherein each defines a predetermined obtuse angle with the front side of the panel. A removable and collapsible brace connects the upper free corners of the side panels to hold the screen assembly in its erected position, and this brace cooperates with the main panel and a bracket of rod material to support a shield which blocks the line of view between the person holding the person under test and an opening in the main panel where successive acuity testing cards are presented to the person under test. In its erected condition, this screen assembly provides a stable and sturdy testing installation, and it is quickly and easily collapsed for storage or transportation between different locations of use.
摘要翻译： 用于与一系列视敏度测试卡组合使用的便携式屏幕组件，用于测试要求由另一人保持的婴儿或其他功能上年轻（残疾）的人的视敏度包括三屏屏幕，其中两个侧面板是 铰链地连接到主面板，使得它们可以从覆盖主面板的背面的折叠位置移动到其中每个限定与面板的前侧的预定钝角的位置。 可移动和可折叠的支架连接侧板的上部自由角以将屏幕组件保持在其竖立位置，并且该支架与主面板和杆材料的支架配合以支撑屏蔽件，该屏蔽件阻挡 持有被测试者的人员和主面板中的开口，其中连续的测试卡被呈现给被测试者。 在其竖立状态下，该屏幕组件提供稳定和坚固的测试安装，并且其在不同使用位置之间快速容易地折叠以用于存储或运输。
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2.发明授权Apparatus and method for testing the motion contrast visual sensitivity of an individual 失效用于测试个体的运动对比视觉灵敏度的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US4789234A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-06
申请号：US254
申请日：1987-01-02
摘要： The motion contrast visual sensitivity of an individual is tested by means of a target having thereon patches each composed of alternating light and dark bars, with individual patches varying in contrast and spatial frequency, and also in orientation. The target is viewed by way of a slot through a housing positioned in front of the individual under test, and a shutter rotating within the housing at a controlled speed periodically blocks the slot at a rate sufficiently slow, e.g. 30 cycles per second, for the observer to detect the resulting conditions of flicker.
摘要翻译： 个体的运动对比度视觉灵敏度通过具有每个由交替的光和暗条构成的贴片的目标进行测试，各个贴片在对比度和空间频率以及取向上变化。 目标通过狭槽通过位于被测试个体前面的壳体来观看，并且以受控速度在壳体内旋转的快门以足够慢的速率周期性地阻挡狭槽，例如， 每秒30个周期，观察者可以检测到闪烁的结果条件。
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公开(公告)号：US4365873A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-28
申请号：US282997
申请日：1981-07-14
申请人： Arthur P. Ginsburg
发明人： Arthur P. Ginsburg
摘要： A chart and method for measuring and quantifying generalized visual sensitivity in terms of contrast sensitivity and spatial frequency response. The chart contains a multiplicity of grating patches whose contrast, in terms of luminance, varies sinusoidally for differing spatial frequencies. The threshold levels of contrast and spatial frequency at which the presence of gratings can be detected accurately defines generalized visual sensitivity.
摘要翻译： 在对比度灵敏度和空间频率响应方面测量和量化广义视觉灵敏度的图表和方法。 该图包含多个光栅贴片，其亮度方面的对比度对于不同的空间频率正弦变化。 准确检测光栅存在的对比度和空间频率的阈值水平定义了广义视觉灵敏度。
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公开(公告)号：US3993976A
公开(公告)日：1976-11-23
申请号：US469194
申请日：1974-05-13
申请人： Arthur P. Ginsburg
发明人： Arthur P. Ginsburg
CPC分类号： G06K9/748
摘要： A technique and apparatus for two dimensional pattern analysis utilizing a transform of the pattern enables the extraction of desired pattern information by means of spatial filtering in accordance with known human visual system processing. Two dimensional spatial frequencies resulting from the transform are acted on by either anisotropic or uniquely used conventional filters to extract one, two and three dimensional pattern information from spatial frequency subsets to determine general form, edge, texture and depth information for detection, identification and classification of objects in simple or complex scenes.
摘要翻译： 利用图案变换的二维图案分析的技术和装置使得能够根据已知的人类视觉系统处理通过空间滤波提取期望的图案信息。 由变换产生的二维空间频率由各向异性或唯一使用的常规滤波器来执行，以从空间频率子集中提取一维，二维和三维模式信息，以确定用于检测，识别和分类的一般形式，边缘，纹理和深度信息 在简单或复杂的场景中的对象。
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公开(公告)号：US5414479A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-09
申请号：US628786
申请日：1990-12-17
申请人： Arthur P. Ginsburg
发明人： Arthur P. Ginsburg
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring and quantifying generalized visual sensitivity in terms of contrast sensitivity, spatial frequency response and eye brain recognition of image alignments or shapes is disclosed. A multiplicity of distinctly different information areas are provided, each of these information areas being generally delineated by indicia so as to eliminate patient or system search for an image and to generally designate the proximity of the information area for visual interrogation. The information areas may contain a grating having successive parallel aligned light and dark areas, which parallel aligned light and dark areas have a substantially linear character with the contrast levels and/or spatial frequency or size of occurrence differing for different information areas. Each successive information area has a background with mean luminance being the average of that mean luminance found within the information area. Further, all information areas are provided with a taper at their edges, preferably a Gaussian taper, which taper imparts to the edges boundaries that blend into the mean luminance background. There results for images on the threshold of visual acuity information areas which only with careful examination can be discriminated from their backgrounds. As a result, indicia designating the general location of the information areas is required. Successive information areas can have either parallel aligned light and dark areas of differing angular orientation or can have an outline or shape of a readily recognizable object for identification by the patient or system being interrogated. There is thus presented a successive range of contrast and spatial frequency or size of the occurrence of successive information areas generally delineated by indicia to designate their location, these information areas upon observation by a person or system may be used as an accurate basis for determining the sensitivity and range of perception of that person or system to whom or to which the patterns are presented for viewing.
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公开(公告)号：US4800404A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-24
申请号：US910000
申请日：1986-09-22
CPC分类号： A61B3/06
摘要： Glare testing apparatus enclosed in a housing includes multiple discrete light sources for creating a glare condition in the field of view from an individual being tested to a target, and provision is made for selecting the location or locations of active glare sources, which includes a centrally located source of headlight glare, and a plurality of peripheral sources which can be energized selectively or collectively. Provision is also made for adjusting target luminance, glare intensity and the apparent distance between the target and the eye position in order to test near and far visual acuity under varied conditions of luminance and glare.
摘要翻译： 封闭在壳体中的眩光测试装置包括多个分立的光源，用于在从被测试的个体到目标的视野中产生眩光状态，并且提供用于选择主动眩光源的位置或位置，其包括中心 位于前照灯的眩光源，以及可以选择性地或集体地激励的多个外围源。 还提供了调整目标亮度，眩光强度和目标和眼睛位置之间的表观距离，以便在不同的亮度和眩光条件下测试近视和远视力。
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7.发明授权Real-time optical filtering method with improved filtered image detection and bandwidth adjustment 失效具有改进的滤波图像检测和带宽调整的实时光学滤波方法
公开(公告)号：US4426663A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-17
申请号：US337348
申请日：1982-01-06
申请人： David W. Evans , Arthur P. Ginsburg
发明人： David W. Evans , Arthur P. Ginsburg
CPC分类号： G02B27/46
摘要： In a system for real-time coherent optical filtering of visual imagery which encompasses a laser and a set of lenses for transmitting a visual target image of an input, a Fabry-Perot interferometer for filtering the target image to produce a filtered target image at an output having a predetermined bandwidth of spatial frequency information, the improvements relate to the output being in the form of a low-light level video system capable of detecting the filtered image even when at a low level of luminance, and a laser adjustable in operating power between low and high levels and in operating wavelength within a wide range for adjusting the bandwidths of the interferometer between narrow and broad ranges.
摘要翻译： 在用于视觉图像的实时相干光学滤波的系统中，该系统包括用于传输输入的视觉目标图像的激光器和一组透镜，用于过滤目标图像以产生滤波的目标图像的法布里 - 珀罗干涉仪 输出具有空间频率信息的预定带宽，所述改进涉及以低亮度级视频系统的形式的输出，即使在低亮度水平下也能够检测滤波图像，以及可操作的可操作的激光 在低和高电平之间以及在宽范围内的工作波长中，用于在窄范围和宽范围之间调整干涉仪的带宽。
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8.发明授权Process and apparatus for generating comparison image representative of actual subject view 失效用于生成表示实际主体视图的比较图像的处理和装置
公开(公告)号：US5552842A
公开(公告)日：1996-09-03
申请号：US337624
申请日：1994-11-10
CPC分类号： G06T5/001 , A61B3/022 , A61B3/06 , A61B3/145 , G06F19/3487 , G06T5/10 , G06T5/20 , G06F19/324 , G06F19/3437 , G06T2207/10024 , G06T2207/20056
摘要： A segmented objective vision test is administered to a patient for determining a quantitative measurement of vision capability in the tested segments. Human vision can be tested in separate segments of the total vision spectrum including contrast sensitivity, or color sensitivity testing. Thereafter, an emmetropic real world image is filtered into corresponding emmetropic image segments. These corresponding emmetropic image segments are degraded into degraded image segments in correspondence with the separate test results for each corresponding separate segment of the total vision spectrum. The degraded image segments are then added to produce an objectively altered real world image. This objectively altered real world image can then be compared to the real world image of the emmetrope and a record preserved of the patient's actual vision condition as evidenced by the objective vision test and the subsequent image processing.
摘要翻译： 对患者进行分段客观视力测试，以确定测试段的视力能力的定量测量。 可以在包括对比敏感度或色彩敏感度测试在内的全部视力谱的单独部分测试人类视觉。 此后，将正视现实世界图像过滤到相应的正交图像片段中。 这些对应的正视图像段与对应于总视觉光谱的每个对应的单独段的分开的测试结果相对应地降级为退化的图像片段。 然后添加退化的图像片段以产生客观改变的真实世界图像。 然后可以将客观改变的现实世界形象与正面图像的真实世界图像和病人实际视觉状况保存的记录进行比较，这是客观的视力测试和随后的图像处理所证明的。
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公开(公告)号：US5500699A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-19
申请号：US400913
申请日：1995-03-08
申请人： Arthur P. Ginsburg
发明人： Arthur P. Ginsburg
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring and quantifying generalized visual sensitivity in terms of contrast sensitivity, spatial frequency response and eye brain recognition of image alignments or shapes is disclosed. A multiplicity of distinctly different information areas are provided, each of these information areas being generally delineated by indicia so as to eliminate patient or system search for an image and to generally designate the proximity of the information area for visual interrogation. The information areas may contain a grating having successive parallel aligned light and dark areas, which parallel aligned light and dark areas have a substantially linear character with the contrast levels and/or spatial frequency or size of occurrence differing for different information areas. Each successive information area has a background with mean luminance being the average of that mean luminance found within the information area. Further, all information areas are provided with a taper at their edges, preferably a Gaussian taper, which taper imparts to the edges boundaries that blend into the mean luminance background. There results for images on the threshold of visual acuity information areas which only with careful examination can be discriminated from their backgrounds.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量和量化对比度灵敏度，空间频率响应和图像对准或形状的眼脑识别的广义视觉灵敏度的方法和装置。 提供了多个明显不同的信息区域，这些信息区域中的每一个通常由标记描绘，以消除对图像的患者或系统搜索，并且通常指定用于视觉询问的信息区域的接近度。 信息区域可以包含具有连续平行对齐的光和暗区域的光栅，这些平行对齐的光和暗区域具有基本上线性的特征，其中不同信息区域的对比度水平和/或出现的空间频率或出现尺寸不同。 每个连续的信息区域具有平均亮度为在信息区域内发现的平均亮度的平均值的背景。 此外，所有信息区域在它们的边缘处设置有锥形，优选地是高斯锥形，该锥度赋予融合到平均亮度背景的边缘边界。 对于视力敏感度信息区域的阈值，图像的结果可以从背景中区分出来，只有仔细检查。
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