摘要:
A microfluidic membraneless flow cell formed with multiple acidic/alkaline electrolyte solutions. The flow cell can be adapted to provide a dual electrolyte H2/O2 fuel cell that generates thermodynamic potentials of up to 1.943 V or possibly greater. The selected fuel can be hydrogen dissolved in 0.1 M KOH, and the selected oxidant can be oxygen dissolved in 0.1 M H2SO4. Individual fuel cells can be combined to form fuel cell stacks to generate increased power output. Furthermore, microchannels of varying dimensions may be selected, including thickness variations, and different flow rates of acid/base electrolyte solutions can be applied to satisfy predetermined power generation needs. Some (micro-) fuel cell embodiments can be formed with silicon microchannels of fixed length and variable width and height, and can be used with hydrogen or formic acid as a fuel and oxygen as an oxidant, each dissolved in different acid/base electrolyte solutions. Micro-fuel cells are also provided which can be designed to generate different power levels for various applications including portable electronic devices such as wireless communication handsets and cellular telephones.
摘要翻译:用多种酸性/碱性电解质溶液形成的微流体无膜流通池。 流动池可以适于提供产生高达1.943V或可能更大的热力学电位的双电解质H 2 / O 2 N 2燃料电池。 所选择的燃料可以是溶解在0.1M KOH中的氢,并且所选择的氧化剂可以是溶解在0.1M H 2 SO 4的氧气。 单独的燃料电池可以组合形成燃料电池堆以产生增加的功率输出。 此外,可以选择不同尺寸的微通道,包括厚度变化,并且可以应用酸/碱电解质溶液的不同流速以满足预定的发电需求。 一些(微)燃料电池实施例可以由固定长度和可变宽度和高度的硅微通道形成,并且可以与氢或甲酸作为燃料和氧作为氧化剂一起使用,每种溶解在不同的酸/碱电解质溶液 。 还提供了微燃料电池,其可被设计为为诸如无线通信手机和蜂窝电话的便携式电子设备的各种应用产生不同的功率电平。
摘要:
A cascaded light emitting device. The cascaded light emitting device includes: a base electrode formed of a base electrode material and electrically coupled to a base voltage lead; a top electrode layer formed of a top electrode material and electrically coupled to a top voltage lead; a number of electroluminescent layers arranged between and electrically coupled to the base electrode and top electrode layer; and at least one middle electrode layer formed of a middle electrode material. Each of the middle electrodes is coupled between two juxtaposed electroluminescent layers. The electroluminescent layers include a mixed conductor that luminesces with a peak wavelength.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus for improving mass transfer in microfluidic laminar stirring structures. The structures include a pair of opposite planar surfaces each configured with a series of dual-chevron grooves. Each series of grooves may include a preselected number of individual grooves that can be substantially identical to each other within each series. One or more series of such dual-chevron grooves may be consecutively formed along a planar surface which constitutes one cycle. Each planar surface may be an electrode layer within a fuel cell structure whereby laminar flows fuel or oxidant are directed past the grooved surfaces to induce stirring. In a preferable embodiment of the invention, a symmetrical stirred structure is provided wherein each of a pair of top and bottom layers are formed with dual-chevron grooves which are symmetrical and mirror images of each other. Increased rates of mass transfer at the boundary layers in proximity to the electrodes and other benefits over current membraneless mixing cell structures are provided.
摘要:
A planar microfluidic membraneless flow cell. The design eliminates the need for a mechanical membrane, such as a polyelectrolyte membrane (PEM) in a fuel cell, by providing a flow channel in which laminar flow regimes exist in two fluids flowing in mutual contact to form a “virtual interface” in the flow channel. In the flow cell, diffusion at the interface is the only mode of mass transport between the two fluids. In a fuel cell embodiment, a planar design provides to large contact areas between the two streams, which are fuel and oxidant streams, and between each stream and a respective electrode. In some embodiments, silicon microchannels, of fixed length and variable width and height, have been used to generate power using formic acid as fuel and oxygen as oxidant. Power densities on the order of 180 μW/cm2 have been obtained using this planar design.
摘要翻译:平面微流体无膜流通池。 该设计消除了对燃料电池中的机械膜,例如聚电解质膜(PEM)的需要,通过提供流动通道,其中层流状态存在于相互接触的两个流体中以在相互接触中形成“虚拟界面” 流通道。 在流动池中,界面处的扩散是两种流体之间唯一的质量传递模式。 在燃料电池实施例中,平面设计提供两个流之间的大的接触区域,这两个物流是燃料和氧化剂流,并且在每个流和相应的电极之间。 在一些实施例中,具有固定长度和可变宽度和高度的硅微通道已经用于使用甲酸作为燃料和氧气作为氧化剂来产生功率。 使用这种平面设计已经获得了大约180μW/ cm 2的功率密度。