公开(公告)号：US5686154A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-11

申请号：US599576

申请日：1996-02-09

申请人： James Seay Brown, Jr.

发明人： James Seay Brown, Jr.

IPC分类号： G09B25/06

CPC分类号： G09B25/06

摘要： An improved three-dimensional topographical model comprised of a plurality of layers having curvilinear apertures therethrough. The layers are stacked upon each other to form a three-dimensional hollow structure. The individual layers are cut from at least two motherboards and each layer is marked with a contour line to indicate the location on which the subsequent layer is stacked. During assembly, the outermost topographical layer of a first motherboard is removed and placed on a support member, thus constituting the first or bottom layer of the model. The outermost topographical layer of the second motherboard is removed and placed on top of the first layer, and subsequent layers are alternately removed from each of any remaining motherboards and stacked so that the margin of each layer overlaps the margin of the previous layer. This process is repeated until all layers are utilized and the model is fully formed. A model having steep inclines will require a greater number of motherboards. During disassembly of the model, the layers are placed back into the relative motherboards from whence they came. This results in relatively flattened motherboards which can be conveniently stored or transported.

摘要翻译： 一种改进的三维地形模型，由具有穿过其中的曲线孔的多个层组成。 这些层彼此堆叠以形成三维中空结构。 从至少两个母板切割各层，并且每层用轮廓线标记以指示后续层被堆叠的位置。 在组装期间，移除第一母板的最外面形貌层并将其放置在支撑构件上，从而构成模型的第一层或底层。 将第二母板的最外面的图形层移除并放置在第一层的顶部上，并且随后的层从任何剩余的母板的每个交替地移除并且堆叠，使得每一层的边缘与先前层的边缘重叠。 重复该过程直到使用所有层并且完全形成模型。 具有陡峭倾斜的模型将需要更多数量的主板。 在拆卸模型的过程中，将层从相关主板放回到相应的主板上。 这导致相对平坦的母板，其可以方便地存储或运输。

公开(公告)号：US06204386B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-20

申请号：US09187104

申请日：1998-11-05

申请人： David Anthony Schiraldi ,  James Seay Brown ,  Karen Chandler ,  Charles Alan Eckert ,  Jeffrey Scott Hurley ,  David Rene Lamb ,  Heather Patrick Lesutis ,  Charles Leonard Liotta

发明人： David Anthony Schiraldi ,  James Seay Brown ,  Karen Chandler ,  Charles Alan Eckert ,  Jeffrey Scott Hurley ,  David Rene Lamb ,  Heather Patrick Lesutis ,  Charles Leonard Liotta

IPC分类号： C07D21372

CPC分类号： C07D213/73 ,  C07D213/74 ,  Y02P20/544

摘要： The esterification of a carboxylic or polycarboxylic acid, such as terephthalic acid, with ethylene oxide is conducted in the presence of a supercritical or near critical fluid with an esterification catalyst to form a monoester such as 2-hydroxyethylterephthalate (MHET). The monoester can be easily removed from the involatile terephthalic acid/catalyst bed by continuous extraction with supercritical fluid before subsequent reaction to the diester occurs. The esterification catalyst, such as quaternary ammonium salts, are at least substantially insoluble in the supercritical fluid and capable of withstanding prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures. The process is highly selective to formation of monoesters, and economical. The process can be modified for production of bis-esters or higher esters. The monoesters are polymerizable and can be used as monomers in the production of polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate.

摘要翻译： 羧酸或多元羧酸（如对苯二甲酸）与环氧乙烷的酯化在超临界或临界流体与酯化催化剂存在下进行，形成单酯如2-羟乙基对苯二甲酸酯（MHET）。 通过连续提取超临界流体，可以容易地从非挥发性对苯二甲酸/催化剂床中除去单酯，然后再进行二酯反应。 酯化催化剂，例如季铵盐，至少基本上不溶于超临界流体，并能耐受长时间暴露于升高的温度。 该方法对单酯的形成具有高选择性，且经济。 该方法可以改性以生产双酯或更高级的酯。 单酯是可聚合的，并且可以在聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的生产中用作单体。