公开(公告)号：US06826486B1

公开(公告)日：2004-11-30

申请号：US10406722

申请日：2003-04-03

申请人： Alberto Malinverno

发明人： Alberto Malinverno

IPC分类号： G01V130

CPC分类号： E21B47/06 ,  E21B44/00 ,  E21B49/006 ,  G01V1/282 ,  G01V11/00 ,  G01V2210/667

摘要： A method of predicting values of formation parameters (e.g., compressional velocity, density, pore pressure, and fracture pressure) as a function of depth includes generating an initial prediction of a profile of the formation parameters and uncertainties associated therewith using information available regarding the formation, obtaining information related to the formation parameters during drilling, and updating the uncertainties as a function of the first prediction and the information obtained in a recursive fashion. Known equations are used for finding initial values, and uncertainties associated therewith are quantified by using probability density functions (PDFs). A Bayesian approach is utilized where “prior PDFs” describe uncertainty prior to obtaining additional information, and “posterior PDFs” account for the additional information acquired. As additional information is acquired while drilling, the posterior PDFs are redefined. Uncertainty in the formation parameters is quantified by sampling posterior PDFs given all the data with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm which generates numerous formation parameter profiles consistent with the data and the computed Bayesian uncertainties. Histograms of the numerous formation parameter profiles may be plotted to visualize the uncertainty in the formation parameters.

摘要翻译： 预测地层参数值（如压缩速度，密度，孔隙压力和断裂压力）作为深度的函数的方法包括使用关于地层的可用信息来产生地层参数的轮廓和与之相关的不确定性的初始预测 获取与钻井期间的地层参数相关的信息，并且以递归方式获得的第一预测和信息的函数更新不确定性。 已知的方程用于找到初始值，并且通过使用概率密度函数（PDF）来量化与之相关的不确定性。 使用贝叶斯方法，其中“先前的PDF”在获得附加信息之前描述不确定性，“后验PDF”记录了获得的附加信息。 随着在钻探时获得更多信息，后验PDF被重新定义。 通过采用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗算法给出所有数据的后验PDF进行采样来量化形成参数的不确定性，该算法产生与数据和计算的贝叶斯不确定性一致的大量地层参数轮廓。 可以绘制大量地层参数轮廓的直方图以显现地层参数的不确定性。

公开(公告)号：US06549854B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-15

申请号：US09502920

申请日：2000-02-11

申请人： Alberto Malinverno ,  Michael Prange

发明人： Alberto Malinverno ,  Michael Prange

IPC分类号： G01V130

CPC分类号： G01V1/282 ,  G01V11/00 ,  G01V2210/66 ,  G01V2210/667

摘要： A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture are provided that use measurement data to create a model of a subsurface area. The method includes creating an initial parameterized model having an initial estimate of model parameter uncertainties; considering measurement data from the subsurface area; updating the model and its associated uncertainty estimate; and repeating the considering and updating steps with additional measurement data. A computer-based apparatus and article of manufacture for implementing the method are also disclosed. The method, apparatus, and article of manufacture are particularly useful in assisting oil companies in making hydrocarbon reservoir data acquisition, drilling and field development decisions.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种使用测量数据来创建地下区域的模型的方法，装置和制品。 该方法包括创建具有模型参数不确定性的初始估计的初始参数化模型; 考虑地下区域的测量数据; 更新模型及其相关的不确定性估计; 并用附加的测量数据重复考虑和更新步骤。 还公开了一种用于实现该方法的基于计算机的设备和制品。 该方法，设备和制造工具在协助石油公司进行油气藏数据采集，钻井和现场开发决策方面特别有用。

公开(公告)号：US20070168133A1

公开(公告)日：2007-07-19

申请号：US11332736

申请日：2006-01-13

申请人： Nicholas Bennett ,  Richard Coates ,  Alberto Malinverno ,  Dzevat Omeragic

发明人： Nicholas Bennett ,  Richard Coates ,  Alberto Malinverno ,  Dzevat Omeragic

IPC分类号： G06F17/00

CPC分类号： E21B49/00 ,  G01V3/38

摘要： A computer-based method is provided for modeling and visualizing a property of a subterranean earth formation while drilling a borehole therethrough. The computer-based method gathers electromagnetic signals corresponding to a current measurement station location of a measurement-while-drilling tool, and generates a multilayer model corresponding to such electromagnetic signals. A histogram characterizing uncertainty of the multilayer model is used to generate a set of color hue values which represent predictions of the formation property for depth values above/below the tool, and a corresponding set of saturation values (which represent uncertainties for these predictions). A curtain plot is generated and displayed. The curtain plot employs colors to visualize formation property predictions for depth values above/below the tool over successive measurement station locations. A new column of the curtain plot is generated for the current measurement station location. The color values of the new column are based upon the set of color hue values and the set of saturation values derived from the histogram. The saturation levels of the new column represent uncertainties for the corresponding predictions.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种基于计算机的方法，用于在钻孔通过其中的地下地层的性质的建模和可视化。 基于计算机的方法收集对应于钻孔测量工具的当前测量站位置的电磁信号，并且生成对应于这种电磁信号的多层模型。 表征多层模型的不确定性的直方图用于生成一组色调值，它们表示对于工具以上/下方的深度值的形成属性的预测，以及对应的一组饱和度值（这代表这些预测的不确定性）。 生成并显示窗帘图。 窗帘绘图使用颜色来显示在连续的测量站位置上的工具上方/下方的深度值的地层性质预测。 为当前测量站位置生成一个新的窗帘图。 新列的颜色值基于色彩值的集合和从直方图导出的饱和度集合。 新列的饱和度水平表示相应预测的不确定性。

公开(公告)号：US07366616B2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-29

申请号：US11332736

申请日：2006-01-13

申请人： Nicholas Bennett ,  Richard T. Coates ,  Alberto Malinverno ,  Dzevat Omeragic

发明人： Nicholas Bennett ,  Richard T. Coates ,  Alberto Malinverno ,  Dzevat Omeragic

IPC分类号： G01V3/20 ,  G01V3/38

CPC分类号： E21B49/00 ,  G01V3/38

摘要： A computer-based method is provided for modeling and visualizing a property of a subterranean earth formation while drilling a borehole therethrough. The computer-based method gathers electromagnetic signals corresponding to a current measurement station location of a measurement-while-drilling tool, and generates a multilayer model corresponding to such electromagnetic signals. A histogram characterizing uncertainty of the multilayer model is used to generate a set of color hue values which represent predictions of the formation property for depth values above/below the tool, and a corresponding set of saturation values (which represent uncertainties for these predictions). A curtain plot is generated and displayed. The curtain plot employs colors to visualize formation property predictions for depth values above/below the tool over successive measurement station locations. A new column of the curtain plot is generated for the current measurement station location. The color values of the new column are based upon the set of color hue values and the set of saturation values derived from the histogram. The saturation levels of the new column represent uncertainties for the corresponding predictions.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种基于计算机的方法，用于在钻孔通过其中的地下地层的性质的建模和可视化。 基于计算机的方法收集对应于钻孔测量工具的当前测量站位置的电磁信号，并且生成对应于这种电磁信号的多层模型。 表征多层模型的不确定性的直方图用于生成一组色调值，它们表示对于工具以上/下方的深度值的形成属性的预测，以及对应的一组饱和度值（这代表这些预测的不确定性）。 生成并显示窗帘图。 窗帘绘图使用颜色来显示在连续的测量站位置上的工具上方/下方的深度值的地层性质预测。 为当前测量站位置生成一个新的窗帘图。 新列的颜色值基于色彩值的集合和从直方图导出的饱和度集合。 新列的饱和度水平表示相应预测的不确定性。

公开(公告)号：US06182013B2

公开(公告)日：2001-01-30

申请号：US09361031

申请日：1999-07-23

申请人： Alberto Malinverno ,  David J. Rossi ,  Metin Karakas ,  Brian Spies ,  Carlos Torres-Verdin ,  Ian Bryant ,  Min-Yi Chen

发明人： Alberto Malinverno ,  David J. Rossi ,  Metin Karakas ,  Brian Spies ,  Carlos Torres-Verdin ,  Ian Bryant ,  Min-Yi Chen

IPC分类号： G01V150

CPC分类号： E21B47/042

摘要： Methods for locating an oil-water interface in a petroleum reservoir include taking resistivity and pressure measurements over time and interpreting the measurements. The apparatus of the invention includes sensors preferably arranged as distributed arrays. According to a first method, resistivity and pressure measurements are acquired simultaneously during a fall-off test. Resistivity measurements are used to estimate the radius of the water flood front around the injector well based on known local characteristics. The flood front radius and fall-off pressure measurements are used to estimate the mobility ratio. According to a second method, resistivity and pressure measurements are acquired at a variety of times. Prior knowledge about reservoir parameters is quantified in a probability density function (pdf). Applying Bayes' Theorem, prior pdfs are combined with measurement results to obtain posterior pdfs which quantify the accuracy of additional information. As new measurements are acquired, posterior pdfs, updated for expected temporal variations, become prior pdfs for the new measurements. According to a third method, uncertainty about the reservoir parameters is represented by Gaussian pdfs. The relationship between measurements and reservoir parameters is locally approximated by a linear function. Uncertainties are quantified by a posterior covariance matrix.

摘要翻译： 在石油储层中定位油 - 水界面的方法包括随时间进行电阻率和压力测量，并解释测量。 本发明的装置包括优选地布置成分布式阵列的传感器。 根据第一种方法，在脱落测试期间同时获得电阻率和压力测量值。 电阻率测量用于基于已知的局部特征来估计喷射器周围的防洪前沿的半径。 洪水前半径和脱落压力测量用于估计移动率。 根据第二种方法，可以在多种时间获得电阻率和压力测量值。 关于储层参数的先验知识是以概率密度函数（pdf）量化的。 应用贝叶斯定理，先前的pdf与测量结果相结合，以获得后验pdf，量化附加信息的准确性。 随着新测量的获取，对于预期的时间变化更新的后验pdf将成为新测量的先前的pdf。 根据第三种方法，储层参数的不确定性由高斯pdf表示。 测量和储层参数之间的关系由线性函数局部近似。 不确定性由后验协方差矩阵量化。