公开(公告)号：US08229680B2

公开(公告)日：2012-07-24

申请号：US12432659

申请日：2009-04-29

申请人： Bao Liu ,  Lien Ouyang ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Irene Li ,  Fu-Kuo Chang

发明人： Bao Liu ,  Lien Ouyang ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Irene Li ,  Fu-Kuo Chang

IPC分类号： G01N29/14

CPC分类号： G01H1/00

摘要： Methods and apparatuses for detecting fastener loosening. Sensors query a structure at a baseline value of an environment variable, such as temperature, and this baseline signal is stored for later use. Subsequently, users can query the structure remotely and at any time, and the signals from these queries are compared to the stored baseline signal. In some embodiments, an index is calculated, and the system determines that one or more fasteners have come loose if the calculated index exceeds a predetermined threshold value. It is desirable to select a time window within which the query signal is most sensitive to fastener loosening but least sensitive to variations in the environment variable. Accordingly, embodiments of the invention include methods and apparatuses for determining an optimal time window for use in calculating the above described index.

摘要翻译： 用于检测紧固件松动的方法和装置。 传感器以环境变量（如温度）的基准值查询结构，并将此基线信号存储供以后使用。 随后，用户可以在任何时间远程查询结构，并将来自这些查询的信号与存储的基线信号进行比较。 在一些实施例中，计算索引，并且如果所计算的索引超过预定阈值，则系统确定一个或多个紧固件已经松动。 期望选择查询信号对紧固件松动最敏感但对环境变量的变化最不敏感的时间窗。 因此，本发明的实施例包括用于确定用于计算上述索引的最佳时间窗口的方法和装置。

公开(公告)号：US20080255778A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-16

申请号：US12102767

申请日：2008-04-14

申请人： Bao Liu ,  Fu-Kuo Chang ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Irene Li

发明人： Bao Liu ,  Fu-Kuo Chang ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Irene Li

IPC分类号： G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G01N29/041 ,  G01N29/36 ,  G01N29/4463 ,  G01N2291/0427 ,  G01N2291/106

摘要： A method useful in structural health monitoring (SHM) systems for detecting damages in metal structures includes extracting the zero-order symmetric and anti-symmetric mode signal components from each of a plurality of current sensor signals of an array of transducers mounted on the structure, matching the extracted signal components with corresponding signal components of a plurality of baseline sensor signals previously detected in the structure, computing respective indices IS0 and IA0 for each of the matched extracted current and baseline signal components based on respective signal energies thereof, and determining the presence of a damage in the structure if either of the indices IS0 and IA0 of a plurality of neighboring sensor paths of the structure is greater than a selected threshold value.

摘要翻译： 在用于检测金属结构中的损伤的结构健康监测（SHM）系统中有用的方法包括从安装在结构上的换能器阵列的多个电流传感器信号中的每一个提取零级对称和反对称模式信号分量， 将所提取的信号分量与先前在结构中检测到的多个基线传感器信号的相应信号分量相匹配，为每个匹配提取的每个匹配提取出的信号分量计算相应的索引I S0和I A0 < 基于其各自的信号能量的电流和基线信号分量，并且如果多个信号中的任何一个索引I 0和I A 0 <0，则确定结构中是否存在损坏 结构的相邻传感器路径大于所选择的阈值。

公开(公告)号：US20090276168A1

公开(公告)日：2009-11-05

申请号：US12432659

申请日：2009-04-29

申请人： Bao Liu ,  Lien Ouyang ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Irene Li ,  Fu-Kuo Chang

发明人： Bao Liu ,  Lien Ouyang ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Irene Li ,  Fu-Kuo Chang

IPC分类号： G01N29/14

CPC分类号： G01H1/00

摘要： Methods and apparatuses for detecting fastener loosening. Sensors query a structure at a baseline value of an environment variable, such as temperature, and this baseline signal is stored for later use. Subsequently, users can query the structure remotely and at any time, and the signals from these queries are compared to the stored baseline signal. In some embodiments, an index is calculated, and the system determines that one or more fasteners have come loose if the calculated index exceeds a predetermined threshold value. It is desirable to select a time window within which the query signal is most sensitive to fastener loosening but least sensitive to variations in the environment variable. Accordingly, embodiments of the invention include methods and apparatuses for determining an optimal time window for use in calculating the above described index.

摘要翻译： 用于检测紧固件松动的方法和装置。 传感器以环境变量（如温度）的基准值查询结构，并将此基线信号存储供以后使用。 随后，用户可以在任何时间远程查询结构，并将来自这些查询的信号与存储的基线信号进行比较。 在一些实施例中，计算索引，并且如果所计算的索引超过预定阈值，则系统确定一个或多个紧固件已经松动。 期望选择查询信号对紧固件松动最敏感但对环境变量的变化最不敏感的时间窗。 因此，本发明的实施例包括用于确定用于计算上述索引的最佳时间窗口的方法和装置。

公开(公告)号：US07908095B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-15

申请号：US12102767

申请日：2008-04-14

申请人： Paul B. Liu ,  Fu-Kuo Chang ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Irene Li

发明人： Paul B. Liu ,  Fu-Kuo Chang ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Irene Li

IPC分类号： G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G01N29/041 ,  G01N29/36 ,  G01N29/4463 ,  G01N2291/0427 ,  G01N2291/106

摘要： A method useful in structural health monitoring (SHM) systems for detecting damages in metal structures includes extracting the zero-order symmetric and anti-symmetric mode signal components from each of a plurality of current sensor signals of an array of transducers mounted on the structure, matching the extracted signal components with corresponding signal components of a plurality of baseline sensor signals previously detected in the structure, computing respective indices IS0 and IA0 for each of the matched extracted current and baseline signal components based on respective signal energies thereof, and determining the presence of a damage in the structure if either of the indices IS0 and IA0 of a plurality of neighboring sensor paths of the structure is greater than a selected threshold value.

摘要翻译： 在用于检测金属结构中的损伤的结构健康监测（SHM）系统中有用的方法包括从安装在结构上的换能器阵列的多个电流传感器信号中的每一个提取零级对称和反对称模式信号分量， 将所提取的信号分量与先前在结构中检测到的多个基线传感器信号的相应信号分量进行匹配，基于其相应的信号能量，为匹配的提取的电流和基线信号分量中的每一个计算相应的索引IS0和IA0， 如果结构的多个相邻传感器路径的索引IS0和IA0中的任一个大于所选择的阈值，则结构中的损坏。

公开(公告)号：US08046177B2

公开(公告)日：2011-10-25

申请号：US12060799

申请日：2008-04-01

申请人： Bao Liu ,  Irene Li ,  Fu-Kuo Chang

发明人： Bao Liu ,  Irene Li ,  Fu-Kuo Chang

IPC分类号： G01B5/28 ,  G01M3/00

CPC分类号： G01N29/041 ,  G01N29/36 ,  G01N29/4463 ,  G01N2291/0427 ,  G01N2291/106

摘要： Detection of damage in armor structures, using networks of piezoelectric transducers. In particular, piezoelectric transducers can be placed at various points on the armor structure, effectively creating a number of paths between pairs of transducers. Each of these paths can be queried by transmitting an ultrasonic stress wave from one transducer to the other, and analyzing changes in the stress wave. The signal from the received stress wave can be time gated to remove crosstalk, and the resulting time gated signal can be analyzed for characteristics of damage. For instance, if the time gated signal is sufficiently attenuated, it can be determined that the armor structure has sustained damage to at least that region traversed by this particular path.

摘要翻译： 使用压电换能器网络检测装甲结构中的损伤。 特别地，压电换能器可以放置在装甲结构上的各个点上，有效地在成对的换能器之间产生多个路径。 通过将超声应力波从一个换能器传递到另一个换能器，并分析应力波的变化，可以查询这些路径中的每一个。 来自接收的应力波的信号可以被时间选通以消除串扰，并且可以分析所得到的时间门控信号的损伤特性。 例如，如果时间门控信号被充分衰减，则可以确定装甲结构至少受到该特定路径穿过的区域的持续损坏。

公开(公告)号：US20090043516A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-12

申请号：US12060799

申请日：2008-04-01

申请人： Bao Liu ,  Irene Li ,  Fu-Kuo Chang

发明人： Bao Liu ,  Irene Li ,  Fu-Kuo Chang

IPC分类号： G01B5/28

CPC分类号： G01N29/041 ,  G01N29/36 ,  G01N29/4463 ,  G01N2291/0427 ,  G01N2291/106

摘要： Detection of damage in armor structures, using networks of piezoelectric transducers. In particular, piezoelectric transducers can be placed at various points on the armor structure, effectively creating a number of paths between pairs of transducers. Each of these paths can be queried by transmitting an ultrasonic stress wave from one transducer to the other, and analyzing changes in the stress wave. The signal from the received stress wave can be time gated to remove crosstalk, and the resulting time gated signal can be analyzed for characteristics of damage. For instance, if the time gated signal is sufficiently attenuated, it can be determined that the armor structure has sustained damage to at least that region traversed by this particular path.

摘要翻译： 使用压电换能器网络检测装甲结构中的损伤。 特别地，压电换能器可以放置在装甲结构上的各个点上，有效地在成对的换能器之间产生多个路径。 通过将超声应力波从一个换能器传递到另一个换能器，并分析应力波的变化，可以查询这些路径中的每一个。 来自接收的应力波的信号可以被时间选通以消除串扰，并且可以分析所得到的时间门控信号的损伤特性。 例如，如果时间门控信号被充分衰减，则可以确定装甲结构至少受到该特定路径穿过的区域的持续损坏。

公开(公告)号：US07395189B2

公开(公告)日：2008-07-01

申请号：US11600248

申请日：2006-11-14

申请人： Xinlin Qing ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Zengpin Yu ,  Irene Li

发明人： Xinlin Qing ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Zengpin Yu ,  Irene Li

IPC分类号： G06F11/30 ,  G21C17/00

CPC分类号： A61B5/0002 ,  A61B2560/0443 ,  A61B2562/222 ,  G01N29/34 ,  G01N2291/0258 ,  G01N2291/106

摘要： Use of a single line for switching multiple monitoring elements on/off, and a single line for sending signals to, or receiving signals from, those elements that are switched on. Monitoring elements each have an associated switching element, and each switching element is connected to a common switching line, or control line. A signal from the control line turns each switch on or off. Each monitoring element is also connected to a single signal line, and only those monitoring elements that are turned on can transmit/receive data signals along this signal line.

摘要翻译： 使用单线来开/关多个监控元件，以及一条线路，用于发送信号或从接收到的元件接收信号。 监控元件各自具有相关联的开关元件，并且每个开关元件连接到公共开关线或控制线。 来自控制线的信号使每个开关打开或关闭。 每个监控元件也连接到单个信号线，只有那些接通的监控元件才能沿着该信号线发送/接收数据信号。

公开(公告)号：US20090217761A1

公开(公告)日：2009-09-03

申请号：US12358108

申请日：2009-01-22

申请人： Xinlin Qing ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Irene Li

发明人： Xinlin Qing ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Irene Li

IPC分类号： G01N29/14

CPC分类号： G01N29/42 ,  G01N29/045 ,  G01N29/12 ,  G01N29/2437 ,  G01N2291/0258

摘要： Sensors affixed to various such structures, where the sensors can withstand, remain affixed, and operate while undergoing both cryogenic temperatures and high vibrations. In particular, piezoelectric single crystal transducers are utilized, and these sensors are coupled to the structure via a low temperature, heat cured epoxy. This allows the transducers to monitor the structure while the engine is operating, even despite the harsh operating conditions. Aspects of the invention thus allow for real time monitoring and analysis of structures that operate in conditions that previously did not permit such analysis. A further aspect of the invention relates to use of piezoelectric single crystal transducers. In particular, use of such transducers allows the same elements to be used as both sensors and actuators.

摘要翻译： 固定到传感器可承受的各种这种结构的传感器保持固定，并在经受低温和高振动的同时操作。 特别地，使用压电单晶转换器，并且这些传感器经由低温热固化环氧树脂与结构耦合。 这使得发动机运行时，传感器可以监控结构，尽管操作条件恶劣。 因此，本发明的方面允许对在先前不允许这种分析的条件下操作的结构的实时监测和分析。 本发明的另一方面涉及使用压电单晶换能器。 特别地，使用这种换能器允许将相同的元件用作传感器和致动器。

公开(公告)号：US08347722B2

公开(公告)日：2013-01-08

申请号：US12358108

申请日：2009-01-22

申请人： Xinlin Qing ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Irene Li

发明人： Xinlin Qing ,  Shawn J. Beard ,  Irene Li

IPC分类号： G01N29/14

CPC分类号： G01N29/42 ,  G01N29/045 ,  G01N29/12 ,  G01N29/2437 ,  G01N2291/0258

摘要： Sensors affixed to various such structures, where the sensors can withstand, remain affixed, and operate while undergoing both cryogenic temperatures and high vibrations. In particular, piezoelectric single crystal transducers are utilized, and these sensors are coupled to the structure via a low temperature, heat cured epoxy. This allows the transducers to monitor the structure while the engine is operating, even despite the harsh operating conditions. Aspects of the invention thus allow for real time monitoring and analysis of structures that operate in conditions that previously did not permit such analysis. A further aspect of the invention relates to use of piezoelectric single crystal transducers. In particular, use of such transducers allows the same elements to be used as both sensors and actuators.

摘要翻译： 固定到传感器可承受的各种这种结构的传感器保持固定并且在经受低温和高振动的同时操作。 特别地，使用压电单晶转换器，并且这些传感器经由低温热固化环氧树脂与结构耦合。 这使得发动机运行时，传感器可以监控结构，尽管操作条件恶劣。 因此，本发明的方面允许对在先前不允许这种分析的条件下操作的结构的实时监测和分析。 本发明的另一方面涉及使用压电单晶换能器。 特别地，使用这种换能器允许将相同的元件用作传感器和致动器。

公开(公告)号：US08265889B2

公开(公告)日：2012-09-11

申请号：US12536429

申请日：2009-08-05

申请人： Xinlin Qing ,  Chang Zhang ,  Irene Li ,  Fu-kuo Chang ,  Hung Chi Chung

发明人： Xinlin Qing ,  Chang Zhang ,  Irene Li ,  Fu-kuo Chang ,  Hung Chi Chung

IPC分类号： G01R31/307

CPC分类号： G01M5/0033 ,  G01M5/00 ,  G01M5/0066 ,  G01M5/0075 ,  G01N29/075 ,  G01N29/2437 ,  G01N29/4427 ,  G01N29/48 ,  G01N2291/0289 ,  G01N2291/105 ,  Y10T29/49016 ,  Y10T29/49117

摘要： A structural health monitoring system using ASICs for signal transmission, reception, and analysis. Incorporating structural health monitoring functionality into one or more ASICs provides a durable yet small, lightweight, low cost, and portable system that can be deployed and operated in field conditions. Such systems provide significant advantages, especially in applications such as armor structures.

摘要翻译： 一种使用ASIC进行信号传输，接收和分析的结构健康监测系统。 将结构健康监控功能结合到一个或多个ASIC中提供了一种耐用但体积小，重量轻，成本低廉的便携式系统，可在现场条件下部署和运行。 这种系统提供显着的优点，特别是在诸如装甲结构的应用中。