公开(公告)号：US4015582A

公开(公告)日：1977-04-05

申请号：US474941

申请日：1974-05-31

申请人： Benjamin Y. H. Liu ,  Richard C. Jordan ,  Klaus Willeke

发明人： Benjamin Y. H. Liu ,  Richard C. Jordan ,  Klaus Willeke

IPC分类号： F24J2/50 ,  F24J3/02

CPC分类号： F24J2/50 ,  F24J2/42 ,  F24J2002/503 ,  Y02B10/20 ,  Y02E10/40

摘要： A highly efficient solar heat collector characterized by a layer of light transmitting insulating (i.e., convection and infra-red radiation suppressing) material disposed between the outer surface of the collector and the heat absorptive layer thereof. Glass fibers are a particularly effective lightweight insulating material which may be used. Through use of flexible polymeric films, lightweight, low-cost solar heat collectors may be fabricated for conversion of existing structures to partial or complete solar heating. Either gaseous or liquid heat transfer fluids may be used. A novel gas-liquid heat exchange system is disclosed.

摘要翻译： 一种高效率的太阳能热收集器，其特征在于设置在集电器的外表面和其吸热层之间的透光绝缘层（即，对流和红外辐射抑制）材料。 玻璃纤维是可以使用的特别有效的轻质绝缘材料。 通过使用柔性聚合物膜，可以制造轻质，低成本的太阳能集热器，用于将现有结构转换成部分或完整的太阳能加热。 可以使用气体或液体传热流体。 公开了一种新型的气液热交换系统。

公开(公告)号：US5949001A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-07

申请号：US24341

申请日：1998-02-17

申请人： Klaus Willeke

发明人： Klaus Willeke

IPC分类号： G01N1/22 ,  G01N15/02

CPC分类号： G01N15/0255 ,  G01N2001/2223

摘要： A method is provided for measuring the aerodynamic particle size distribution of airborne particles by drawing the particles through a device which continuously or intermittently changes the aerodynamic cut of the particles entering an optical sensor. Optical sensing is performed by aerosol photometry or optical single particle size spectrometry. If aerosol photometry is used, the aerosol photometer becomes an aerodynamic particle size spectrometer by relating the aerosol photometer's output to the aerodynamic particle size fractions passing through the aerodynamic cut device. If optical single particle size spectrometry is used, the optical single particle counter becomes an aerosol particle size spectrometer by calibrating the optical sizes of the optical single particle counter relative to the aerodynamic particle sizes determined by the aerodynamic cut device.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于通过将颗粒通过连续或间歇地改变进入光学传感器的颗粒的空气动力学切割的装置拉伸而测量空气中的颗粒的空气动力学粒度分布的方法。 通过气溶胶测光或光学单粒子光谱法进行光学感测。 如果使用气溶胶测光法，则气溶胶光度计通过将气溶胶光度计的输出与通过空气动力学切割装置的空气动力学粒径分数相关而成为空气动力学粒径分光计。 如果使用光学单粒子光谱法，则通过校准光学单颗粒计数器相对于由空气动力学切割装置确定的空气动力学粒子尺寸的光学尺寸，光学单颗粒计数器变为气溶胶粒度分光计。

公开(公告)号：US06520034B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-18

申请号：US10116375

申请日：2002-04-03

申请人： Donald A. Masquelier ,  Fred P. Milanovich ,  Klaus Willeke

发明人： Donald A. Masquelier ,  Fred P. Milanovich ,  Klaus Willeke

IPC分类号： G01N140

CPC分类号： G01N1/2273 ,  G01N1/2202 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N1/40 ,  G01N2001/1018 ,  G01N2001/2223 ,  G01N2001/2276 ,  G01N2015/0088

摘要： A high air volume to low liquid volume aerosol collector. A high volume flow of aerosol particles is drawn into an annular, centripetal slot in a collector which directs the aerosol flow into a small volume of liquid pool contained is a lower center section of the collector. The annular jet of air impinges into the liquid, imbedding initially airborne particles in the liquid. The liquid in the pool continuously circulates in the lower section of the collector by moving to the center line, then upwardly, and through assistance by a rotating deflector plate passes back into the liquid at the outer area adjacent the impinging air jet which passes upwardly through the liquid pool and through a hollow center of the collector, and is discharged via a side outlet opening. Any liquid droplets escaping with the effluent air are captured by a rotating mist eliminator and moved back toward the liquid pool. The collector includes a sensor assembly for determining, controlling, and maintaining the level of the liquid pool, and includes a lower centrally located valve assembly connected to a liquid reservoir and to an analyzer for analyzing the particles which are impinged into the liquid pool.

摘要翻译： 高空气体积到低液体体积的气溶胶收集器。 气溶胶颗粒的大体积流动被吸入收集器中的环形向心槽中，其将气溶胶流引导到容纳的小容积的液体池中，该容器是收集器的下部中心部分。 环形空气射流冲击液体，最初嵌入液体中的空气中的颗粒。 池中的液体通过移动到中心线，然后向上而在收集器的下部部分中连续地循环，并且通过旋转偏转板的辅助在靠近冲击空气射流的外部区域返回到液体中，该冲击空气射流向上通过 液池并通过收集器的中空中心，并通过侧出口开口排出。 用流出的空气排出的任何液滴都被旋转除雾器捕获并向液体池移回。 收集器包括用于确定，控制和维持液池的液位的传感器组件，并且包括连接到液体储存器的下部中心定位的阀组件和用于分析撞击到液体池中的颗粒的分析器。

公开(公告)号：US5954845A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-21

申请号：US100443

申请日：1998-06-19

申请人： Klaus Willeke ,  Sergey A. Grinshpun

发明人： Klaus Willeke ,  Sergey A. Grinshpun

IPC分类号： G01N1/22 ,  B01D46/42

CPC分类号： G01N1/2205 ,  G01N2001/2223

摘要： An aerosol sampler for use with a source of vacuum. Air is drawn through a perforated hemisphere, directing small particles and aerosols for collection on a filter surface downstream of the hemisphere. A high collection efficiency is demonstrated.

摘要翻译： 用于真空源的气溶胶取样器。 空气被穿过穿孔的半球，引导小颗粒和气溶胶收集在半球下游的过滤器表面上。 展示了高收集效率。

公开(公告)号：US5967332A

公开(公告)日：1999-10-19

申请号：US889050

申请日：1997-07-07

申请人： Klaus Willeke

发明人： Klaus Willeke

IPC分类号： B07B7/00 ,  G01N15/02 ,  B03B4/00

CPC分类号： B07B7/00 ,  G01N15/0255

摘要： A method for concentrating airborne particles and microorganisms by injecting them into a swirling air flow from where they are removed into one or more receiving tubes. The swirling air motion and the aerosol injection into it are achieved by pushing or drawing the airborne particles and microorganisms through one or more nozzles that are directed at an angle towards the surface of the containment vessel. The ratio of air flow rate into the vessel to the air flow rate through the receiving tube is equal to the maximum aerosol concentrating ratio desired.

摘要翻译： 通过将空气中的颗粒和微生物注入旋流空气流中从而将它们从其中被去除到一个或多个接收管中来浓缩空气中的颗粒和微生物的方法。 旋转空气运动和气溶胶注入到其中通过将空气中的颗粒和微生物通过一个或多个喷嘴推动或拉出而达到，所述喷嘴以一定角度朝向安全壳的表面指向。 进入容器的空气流量与通过接收管的空气流量的比率等于所需的最大气溶胶浓缩比。

公开(公告)号：US4846166A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-11

申请号：US153511

申请日：1988-02-08

申请人： Klaus Willeke

发明人： Klaus Willeke

IPC分类号： A62B27/00

CPC分类号： A62B27/00

摘要： A method and apparatus for conducting the method is disclosed for non-invasive, quantitative respirator fit testing. The method includes the step of having the wearer properly position the respirator over his nose and mouth, inhale to create a negative pressure inside the respirator cavity volume, hold his breath and record the pressure differential versus time decay rate between the pressure inside the respirator cavity volume and that of the surrounding environment. The method may also include establishing a leakhole of known dimension, repeating the above steps and determining the volume of the respirator cavity based upon the results of the recorded differential pressure versus time by comparing the result to calibration curves.The apparatus of the present invention includes modifying a conventional face mask respirator by providing the respirator with a pressure sensor and a leakhole of known dimension. Preferably, the apparatus can also include a calculator to continuously calculate a quantitative factor to indicate the degree of protection, which is based upon the volume of the respirator cavity divided by the volumetric flow rate through the leakhole or holes of unknown dimension and location for a standard unit of time, given an initial negative pressure in the respirator cavity.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于非侵入式定量呼吸器适配测试的用于进行该方法的方法和装置。 该方法包括使穿戴者正确地将呼吸器定位在他的鼻子和嘴巴上，吸气以在呼吸器腔体积内产生负压，保持呼吸并记录呼吸器腔内的压力之间的压差与时间的衰减速率 体积和周围环境的体积。 该方法还可以包括建立已知尺寸的漏孔，重复上述步骤，并且通过将结果与校准曲线进行比较，基于所记录的差压对时间的结果来确定呼吸器腔的体积。 本发明的装置包括通过向呼吸器提供已知尺寸的压力传感器和泄漏孔来修改常规的面罩呼吸器。 优选地，该装置还可以包括计算器，以连续计算定量因子以指示基于呼吸器腔体积除以通过泄漏孔的体积流量或未知尺寸和位置的孔的保护程度 标准时间单位，给予呼吸器腔中的初始负压。

公开(公告)号：US06408704B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-25

申请号：US09555007

申请日：2000-08-14

申请人： Klaus Willeke

发明人： Klaus Willeke

IPC分类号： G01N1500

CPC分类号： G01N15/0255 ,  G01N2001/2223

摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for measuring the aerodynamic particle size distribution of airborne particles by drawing the particles through a device 10a which continuously or intermittently changes the aerodynamic cut of the particles entering an aerosol sensor. Sensing is performed by optical sensors 16 such as aerosol photometry or optical single particle size spectrometry or by other sensors that measure particle concentration remaining in the aerosol flowing from the cut device. Preferably, the cut device includes a rotational element 22 that centrifugally removes particles of larger aerodynamic size than that determined by a cut setting, which can be varied by varying the rotational speed of the cut element. Preferably also, the rotary element does not alone determine the flow rate of the aerosol through the cut device, but a separate pump 40 or flow restriction controls the time the aerosol remains in the cut device and maintains the flow rate through the device at a preferably constant level.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法和装置，用于通过将颗粒通过连续或间歇地改变进入气溶胶传感器的颗粒的空气动力学切割的装置10a来测量空气中的颗粒的空气动力学粒度分布。 通过诸如气溶胶测光法或光学单粒子光度法的光学传感器16或通过测量从切割装置流出的气溶胶中剩余的颗粒浓度的其它传感器进行感测。 优选地，切割装置包括旋转元件22，该旋转元件22离心去除比通过切割设置确定的尺寸大的空气动力学尺寸的颗粒，其可以通过改变切割元件的旋转速度来改变。 优选地，旋转元件也不能单独地确定通过切割装置的气溶胶的流速，但单独的泵40或流量限制器控制气溶胶保留在切割装置中的时间，并且保持优选地通过装置的流速 恒定水平。

公开(公告)号：US5958111A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-28

申请号：US859492

申请日：1997-05-20

申请人： Klaus Willeke ,  Sergey A. Grinshpun

发明人： Klaus Willeke ,  Sergey A. Grinshpun

IPC分类号： G01N1/22 ,  B01D46/42

CPC分类号： G01N1/2205 ,  G01N2001/2223

摘要： A method for the collection of solid or liquid particles suspended in air (aerosol). The method involves abstracting a quantity of air through a curved, porous plate with evenly spaced holes which are designed to give an accurate sample of the particle content over defined size ranges. This method differs from similar methods in that it (1) provides a minimal bias in the results from the effects of ambient air velocity or direction, (2) provides a more even distribution of particles over a collection medium, and (3) enables exclusion of particles exceeding defined upper size limits.

摘要翻译： 用于收集悬浮在空气中的固体或液体颗粒（气溶胶）的方法。 该方法涉及通过具有均匀间隔的孔的弯曲多孔板抽取一定量的空气，该孔被设计成在规定的尺寸范围内提供颗粒含量的精确样品。 该方法与类似的方法不同之处在于：（1）从环境空气速度或方向的影响中提供最小的偏差，（2）在收集介质上提供更均匀的颗粒分布，以及（3）能够排除 的颗粒超过限定的上限极限。

公开(公告)号：US5904752A

公开(公告)日：1999-05-18

申请号：US880254

申请日：1997-06-23

申请人： Klaus Willeke

发明人： Klaus Willeke

IPC分类号： B01D45/10

CPC分类号： B01D45/10

摘要： A method for collecting airborne particles and microorganisms by injecting them into a swirling air flow from where they are removed onto a dry surface, a surface coated with an adhesive material or a surface wetted by a liquid that is swirled onto that surface from a liquid reservoir below. The swirling air motion and the aerosol injection into it are achieved by pushing or drawing the airborne particles and microorganisms through one or more nozzles that are directed at an angle towards the collection surface.

摘要翻译： 一种通过将空气中的颗粒和微生物注入旋流空气流中从而将它们从干燥的表面上去除的表面上收集空气中的颗粒和微生物的方法，涂覆有粘合剂材料的表面或由液体润湿的液体表面上的液体的表面的方法 下面。 通过将空气中的颗粒和微生物通过一个或多个朝向收集表面的角度的喷嘴推动或拉伸来实现旋转空气运动和其中的气溶胶注入。

公开(公告)号：US5902385A

公开(公告)日：1999-05-11

申请号：US880118

申请日：1997-06-23

申请人： Klaus Willeke ,  Xuejun Lin ,  Sergey Grinshpun

发明人： Klaus Willeke ,  Xuejun Lin ,  Sergey Grinshpun

IPC分类号： B01D45/10

CPC分类号： B01D45/10

摘要： An apparatus for collecting airborne particles and microorganisms by injecting them into a swirling air flow from where they are removed onto a dry surface, a surface coated with an adhesive material or a surface wetted by a liquid that is swirled onto that surface from a liquid reservoir below. The swirling air motion and the aerosol injection into it are achieved by pushing or drawing the airborne particles and microorganisms through one or more nozzles that are directed at an angle towards the collection surface. Each entire nozzle or only its exit section are aligned along the axis of aerosol flow injection into the swirling air flow. The apparatus consists of one piece or of three main components that are assembled to form one unit and are comprised of one inlet section, one nozzle section, and one collection vessel.

摘要翻译： 一种用于通过将空气中的颗粒和微生物注入旋转空气流中从而将它们从干燥的表面上去除的表面上收集空气中的颗粒和微生物的装置，涂覆有粘合剂材料的表面或由液体润湿的液体表面上的液体表面的表面的装置 下面。 通过将空气中的颗粒和微生物通过一个或多个朝向收集表面的角度的喷嘴推动或拉伸来实现旋转空气运动和其中的气溶胶注入。 每个整个喷嘴或仅其出口部分沿着气溶胶流注入的轴线对齐到旋转空气流中。 该装置由一个或三个主要部件组成，其组装成一个单元，并且包括一个入口部分，一个喷嘴部分和一个收集容器。