公开(公告)号：US4481475A

公开(公告)日：1984-11-06

申请号：US405465

申请日：1982-08-05

申请人： Christos A. Kapetanakos ,  Phillip Sprangle

发明人： Christos A. Kapetanakos ,  Phillip Sprangle

IPC分类号： H05H11/00

CPC分类号： H05H11/00

摘要： A betatron for accelerating charged particles in a toroidal vacuum chamber comprisinga betatron magnetic field generator;a toroidal magnetic field generator;a generating circuit for generating a charged particle beam into the toroidal chamber with an energy and current such that the ratio of the Budker parameter .nu. to the relativistic factor .gamma. of the beam in the range .nu./.gamma.=0.005 to 0.25 so that the toroidal field effects are significant and act to stabilize the beam, with the beam generation initiated at a point in the betatron magnetic field cycle where the betatron field is slightly less than the field equilibrium value for the beam;a circuit disposed in the toroidal chamber for reducing the local betatron field in the toroidal chamber only during the beam trapping stage while maintaining the average flux constant inside the beam orbit to prevent collision with the beam generation circuit after the first bounce; anda coil circuit disposed such that its axis is approximately coincident with the major axis of the toroid for generating a time varying magnetic field in a direction approximately perpendicular to the plane of the toroid to thereby induce an electric field to oppose the electric field induced by the diffusion of the self magnetic field.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在包括一个betatron磁场发生器的环形真空室中加速带电粒子的betatron; 环形磁场发生器; 产生电路，用于以能量和电流将带电粒子束产生到环形室中，使得Budker参数nu与在nu /γ= 0.005至0.25的范围内的光束的相对论因子γ的比率使得环形场 效应是显着的，并且用于稳定光束，其中光束产生在比特仑磁场周期中的一个点处发生，其中比特子场比该波束的场平衡值略小; 设置在环形室中的电路，用于仅在波束捕获阶段期间减小环形室中的局部电荷场，同时保持波束轨道内的平均磁通常数，以防止在第一次反弹之后与光束产生电路的碰撞; 以及线圈电路，其设置成使得其轴线与环形线圈的长轴大致重合，以在大致垂直于环形面的平面的方向上产生时变磁场，从而引起电场与由 自磁场的扩散。

公开(公告)号：US4194139A

公开(公告)日：1980-03-18

申请号：US936146

申请日：1978-08-23

申请人： John A. Pasour ,  Christos A. Kapetanakos ,  Redge A. Mahaffey ,  Jeffry Golden

发明人： John A. Pasour ,  Christos A. Kapetanakos ,  Redge A. Mahaffey ,  Jeffry Golden

IPC分类号： H01J27/04 ,  H01J23/08 ,  H01J27/00 ,  H05H1/00

CPC分类号： H01J27/04

摘要： A reflex tetrode device for efficiently generating intense, pulsed unidirional ion beams. The device includes two thin, semitransparent anodes spaced from a real cathode which is maintained at ground potential. The first anode is spaced from and faces the real cathode. The second anode is spaced a short distance from the first anode and a virtual cathode is formed beyond the second anode when a sufficiently high electron current flows from the real cathode and through the anodes. The anodes are ring-like or disc-like structures secured to the edges of a support member with their planes perpendicular to the axis of the device between the real and virtual cathodes. The anode structure (i.e., the support member together with the two anodes) is connected to a pulsed high-voltage generator which is operated in positive polarity. Consequently, both anodes are at the same positive potential. The first anode, because of its material, does not readily form an ionic plasma when electrons pass through it, but the second anode does.

摘要翻译： 用于有效产生强脉冲单向离子束的反射四极管装置。 该器件包括两个与保持在地电位的真正阴极间隔的薄的半透明阳极。 第一阳极与真阴极间隔开并面对真阴极。 第二阳极与第一阳极隔开一短距离，并且当足够高的电子电流从真实阴极流过阳极并通过阳极时，形成超过第二阳极的虚拟阴极。 阳极是固定到支撑构件的边缘的环状或圆盘状结构，其平面垂直于在真实阴极和虚拟阴极之间的装置的轴线。 阳极结构（即，支撑构件与两个阳极一起）连接到正极性操作的脉冲高压发生器。 因此，阳极都处于相同的正电位。 第一阳极由于其材料，当电子通过它时不容易形成离子等离子体，而是第二阳极。

公开(公告)号：US4150340A

公开(公告)日：1979-04-17

申请号：US889797

申请日：1978-03-22

申请人： Christos A. Kapetanakos ,  Phillip A. Sprangle ,  Redge A. Mahaffey ,  Jeffry Golden

发明人： Christos A. Kapetanakos ,  Phillip A. Sprangle ,  Redge A. Mahaffey ,  Jeffry Golden

IPC分类号： H01J25/74 ,  H03B9/01

CPC分类号： H01J25/74

摘要： A reflecting electron tube for producing high-power, high-frequency, monoomatic microwave pulses includes an anode which produces little or no ion flux when struck by electrons emitted from a cathode, and requires no applied, external magnetic field. An anode support holding the anode and a cathode shank which supports the cathode are positioned within a vacuum chamber such that the anode is closely spaced from the cathode. The anode support is connected to a pulsed high-voltage supply located external to the chamber. The anode is formed from a material which does not produce a significant amount of ion flux but does permit electrons emitted from the cathode to oscillate through the anode. Electrons oscillating in phase bunch together within the potential well of the system and emit microwave radiation.

摘要翻译： 用于产生高功率，高频单色微波脉冲的反射电子管包括当从阴极发射的电子撞击时产生很少或没有离子通量的阳极，并且不需要施加外部磁场。 保持阳极的阳极支撑件和支撑阴极的阴极柄被定位在真空室内，使得阳极与阴极紧密地间隔开。 阳极支撑件连接到位于室外部的脉冲高压电源。 阳极由不产生大量离子通量的材料形成，但是允许从阴极发射的电子通过阳极振荡。 电子振荡在相位串联在系统的潜在的井内并发射微波辐射。

公开(公告)号：US4282436A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-04

申请号：US156441

申请日：1980-06-04

申请人： Christos A. Kapetanakos ,  John A. Pasour ,  Redge A. Mahaffey ,  Jeffry Golden ,  Spencer J. Marsh

发明人： Christos A. Kapetanakos ,  John A. Pasour ,  Redge A. Mahaffey ,  Jeffry Golden ,  Spencer J. Marsh

IPC分类号： H01J27/04 ,  H01J23/08

CPC分类号： H01J27/04

摘要： An inverse reflex tetrode (IRT) for producing an intense pulsed beam of i includes a real cathode having a curved or conical surface which is substantially transparent to the ions; first anode and second anode, or grid, which are spaced apart and are at the same potential, the first anode being between the real cathode and the second anode and having a curved or conical surface approximately parallel to the surface of the real cathode, and also being formed from a dielectric material such as polyethylene; a curved or conical hollow anode stalk which supports both anodes; and a virtual cathode which is formed by electrons that are emitted by the real cathode and pass through the first anode. The real cathode and first and second anodes are enclosed in a vacuum chamber and are immersed in an applied external magnetic field. The IRT receives an electrical pulse from a high-voltage pulse generator. The real cathode emits electrons which accelerate toward the first anode, pass through the first anode and form a virtual cathode between the first and second anodes. Most of the electrons oscillate between the virtual cathode and the real cathode and form a plasma sheath on the surfaces of the first anode. Some ions from the plasma propagate toward the second anode, and some ions propagate toward the real cathode. The ions arrive at the second anode with zero velocity, while the other ions pass through the real cathode and form a propagating ion beam.

摘要翻译： 用于产生强脉冲离子束的逆反射四极管（IRT）包括具有对离子基本透明的弯曲或圆锥形表面的真实阴极; 第一阳极和第二阳极或栅格彼此间隔开并且具有相同的电位，第一阳极位于实际阴极和第二阳极之间，并且具有大致平行于真正阴极的表面的弯曲或圆锥形表面，以及 也由介电材料如聚乙烯形成; 支撑两阳极的弯曲或圆锥形中空阳极茎; 以及由真阴极发射并通过第一阳极的电子形成的虚拟阴极。 将真正的阴极和第一和第二阳极封装在真空室中并浸入施加的外部磁场中。 IRT从高电压脉冲发生器接收电脉冲。 真正的阴极发射朝向第一阳极加速的电子，穿过第一阳极并在第一和第二阳极之间形成虚拟阴极。 大多数电子在虚拟阴极和真实阴极之间振荡并在第一阳极的表面上形成等离子体鞘。 来自等离子体的一些离子向第二阳极传播，一些离子向真正的阴极传播。 离子以零速度到达第二阳极，而其它离子通过真实阴极并形成传播离子束。

公开(公告)号：US4293794A

公开(公告)日：1981-10-06

申请号：US136227

申请日：1980-04-01

申请人： Christos A. Kapetanakos

发明人： Christos A. Kapetanakos

IPC分类号： H01J27/02 ,  H01J3/04

CPC分类号： H01J27/02

摘要： A system based on the magnetic compression of ion rings, for generating intense (high-current), high-energy ion pulses that are guided to a target without a metallic wall or an applied external magnetic field includes a vacuum chamber; an inverse reflex tetrode for producing a hollow ion beam within the chamber; magnetic coils for producing a magnetic field, B.sub.o, along the axis of the chamber; a disc that sharpens a magnetic cusp for providing a rotational velocity to the beam and causing the beam to rotate; first and second gate coils for producing fast-rising magnetic field gates, the gates being spaced apart, each gate modifying a corresponding magnetic mirror peak (near and far peaks) for trapping or extracting the ions from the magnetic mirror, the ions forming a ring or layer having rotational energy; a metal liner for generating by magnetic flux compression a high, time-varying magnetic field, the time-varying magnetic field progressively increasing the kinetic energy of the ions, the magnetic field from the second gate coil decreasing the far mirror peak at the end of the compression for extracting the trapped rotating ions from the confining mirror; and a disc that sharpens a magnetic half-cusp for increasing the translational velocity of the ion beam. The system utilizes the self-magnetic field of the rotating, propagating ion beam to prevent the beam from expanding radially upon extraction.

摘要翻译： 基于离子环的磁压缩的系统，用于产生在没有金属壁或施加的外部磁场的情况下被引导到目标的强（高电流）高能离子脉冲包括真空室; 用于在室内产生中空离子束的反向反向四极杆; 用于产生磁场的磁性线圈，沿着腔室的轴线; 一个盘片，用于磨削磁性尖点，以提供转动速度到光束并使光束旋转; 用于产生快速上升磁场门的第一和第二栅极线圈，栅极间隔开，每个栅极修改相应的磁性镜峰（近峰和远端），用于从磁镜捕获或提取离子，离子形成环 或具有旋转能量的层; 用于通过磁通量压缩产生高时变磁场的金属衬垫，时变磁场逐渐增加离子的动能，来自第二栅极线圈的磁场降低了在最后的远镜峰值 用于从限制镜提取被捕获的旋转离子的压缩; 以及用于提高磁性半尖点以提高离子束的平移速度的盘。 该系统利用旋转传播离子束的自磁场，以防止光束在提取时径向膨胀。

公开(公告)号：US4126806A

公开(公告)日：1978-11-21

申请号：US836822

申请日：1977-09-26

申请人： Christos A. Kapetanakos ,  Jeffry Golden

发明人： Christos A. Kapetanakos ,  Jeffry Golden

IPC分类号： H01J27/04 ,  H01J23/08 ,  H01J27/00 ,  H05H1/00

CPC分类号： H01J27/04

摘要： A reflex triode for use in producing ultra-high-current (>10.sup.5 A), ul-high-power (>10.sup.11 W) ion beams includes an improved anode and an improved cathode and has a low inductance design. A cylindrical anode stalk supporting the anode is positioned inside of and closely spaced from a cylindrical cathode shank which supports the cathode. Magnetic insulation allows for a close spacing between the anode stalk and cathode shank which reduces the inductance. The improved cathode is embedded in a cathode mount to reduce divergence of the ion beam. The improved anode consists of conducting concentric rings with thin film in the space between the rings to produce a more uniformly dense ion beam having low divergence.

摘要翻译： 用于生产超大电流（> 105A），超大功率（> 1011W）离子束的反射三极管包括改进的阳极和改进的阴极，并具有低电感设计。 支撑阳极的圆柱形阳极杆位于支撑阴极的圆柱形阴极柄的内部并且紧密地间隔开。 磁绝缘允许阳极杆和阴极柄之间的间隔较小，这降低了电感。 将改进的阴极嵌入阴极安装件中以减少离子束的发散。 改进的阳极包括在环之间的空间中具有薄膜的同心环，以产生具有低发散度的更均匀致密的离子束。