摘要:
A transdermal delivery device having a release-rate controlling-adhesive is disclosed having improved delivery characteristics. The device employs a polyisobutylene/mineral oil adhesive formulation and an ethylene/viny acetate (EVA) drug reservoir formulation. The device is useful in delivering a wide variety of transdermally administrable drugs, particularly those which are moderately soluble in mineral oil. Preferred embodiments deliver timolol base and atropine base from an EVA (40% VA) reservoir formulation.
摘要:
Rate controlled transdermal delivery devices are disclosed which utilize an in-line adhesive to maintain the device on the skin and deliver an agent which is a solvent or a plasticizer for the in-line adhesive. The initial equilibrated concentration of the agent in the agent reservoir and the adhesive is below saturation, and the reservoir comprises the agent dissolved in a solvent with respect to which the rate controlling element of the device is substantially impermeable. In preferred embodiments the initial loading of the agent in reservoir is sufficient to prevent the activity of the agent in the reservoir from decreasing by more than about 50% and preferably no more than about 25% during the predetermined period of administration; and the thicknesses of the adhesive, rate controlling membrane and reservoir layers are selected so that at least 50% and preferably at least 75% initial equilibrated agent loading is in the reservoir layer. The devices are usable to deliver agents which are liquid at body temperatures such as benztropine, secoverine, nicotine, arecoline, polyethylene glycol monolaurate, glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monooleate and ethanol, for example.
摘要:
Rate controlled transdermal nicotine delivery systems are disclosed which utilize an in-line adhesive to maintain the systems on the skin. The initial equilibrated concentration of nicotine in the nicotine reservoir and the adhesive is below saturation, preferably at a thermodynamic activity no greater than 0.50, and the reservoir comprises the nicotine dissolved in a material with respect to which the rate controlling element of the device is substantially impermeable. In preferred embodiments the initial loading of nicotine in the reservoir is sufficient to prevent the activity of the nicotine in the reservoir from decreasing by more than about 75% and preferably no more than about 25% during the predetermined period of administration; and the thickness of the adhesive, rate controlling membrane and reservoir layers are selected so that at least 50% and, preferably at least 75% of the initial equilibrated nicotine loading is in the reservoir layer.
摘要:
Rate controlled transdermal delivery devices are disclosed which utilize an in-line adhesive to maintain the device on the skin and deliver an agent which is a solvent or a plasticizer for the in-line adhesive. The initial equilibrated concentration of the agent in the agent reservoir and the adhesive is below saturation, and the reservoir comprises the agent dissolved in a solvent with respect to which the rate controlling element of the device is substantially impermeable. In preferred embodiments the initial loading of the agent in reservoir is sufficient to prevent the activity of the agent in the reservoir from decreasing by more than about 50% and preferably no more than about 25% during the predetermined period of administration; and the thicknesses of the adhesive, rate controlling membrane and reservoir layers are selected so that at least 50% and preferably at least 75% initial equilibrated agent loading is in the reservoir layer. The devices are usable to deliver agents which are liquid at body temperatures such as benztropine, secoverine, nicotine, arecoline, polyethylene glycol monolaurate, glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monooleate and ethanol, for example.
摘要:
Rate-controlled transdermal delivery devices are disclosed which utilize an in-line adhesive to maintain the device on the skin and deliver an agent which is a solvent for the in-line adhesive. The initial equilibrated concentration of the agent in the agent reservoir and the adhesive is below saturation and the reservoir comprises the agent dissolved in a solvent with respect to which the rate controlling element of the device is substantially impermeable. In preferred embodiments the initial loading of the agent in reservoir is sufficient to prevent the activity of the agent in the reservoir from decreasing by more than about 50% and preferrably no more than about 25% during the predetermined period of administration; and the thicknesses of the adhesive, rate controlling membrane and reservoir layers are selected so that at least 50% and, preferrably at least 75% initial equilibrated agent loading is in the reservoir layer. The devices are usable to delivery oily non-polar agents which are liquid at body temperatures such as benztropine and secoverine.
摘要:
A method of administering nicotine transdermally in which a nicotine patch, capable of administering nicotine for at least 16 hours at rates that are efficacious in smoking cessation therapy, is applied in the morning upon waking and removed prior to sleep. This method is effective even though nicotine is not essential during sleep and many smokers experience morning craving.
摘要:
Rate controlled transdermal nicotine delivery systems are disclosed which utilize an in-line adhesive to maintain the systems on the skin. The initial equilibrated concentration of nicotine in the nicotine reservoir and the adhesive is below saturation, preferably at a thermodynamic activity no greater than 0.50, and the reservoir comprises the nicotine dissolved in a material with respect to which the rate controlling element of the device is substantially impermeable. In preferred embodiments the initial loading of nicotine in the reservoir is sufficient to prevent the activity of the nicotine in the reservoir from decreasing by more than about 75% and preferably no more than about 25% during the predetermined period of administration; and the thickness of the adhesive, rate controlling membrane and reservoir layers are selected so that at least 50% and, preferably at least 75% of the initial equilibrated nicotine loading is in the reservoir layer.
摘要:
Rate controlled transdermal delivery devices are disclosed which utilize an in-line adhesive to maintain the device on the skin and deliver an agent which is a solvent or a plasticizer for the in-line adhesive. The initial equilibrated concentration of the agent in the agent reservoir and the adhesive is below saturation, and the reservoir comprises the agent dissolved in a solvent with respect to which the rate controlling element of the device is substantially impermeable. In preferred embodiments the initial loading of the agent in reservoir is sufficient to prevent the activity of the agent in the reservoir from decreasing by more than about 50% and preferably no more than about 25% during the predetermined period of administration: and the thicknesses of the adhesive, rate controlling membrane and reservoir layers are selected so that at least 50% and preferably at least 75% initial equilibrated agent loading is in the reservoir layer. The devices are usable to deliver agents which are liquid at body temperatures such as benztropine, secoverine, nicotine, arecoline, polyethylene glycol monolaurate, glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monooleate and ethanol, for example.
摘要:
An apparatus is disclosed comprising in combination (1) a container for receiving a fluid, and having an exit port, and (2) a delivery system designed for passage through the exit port into the container for releasing a biocide inside the container.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to the transdermal administration of oxybutynin together with a suitable permeation enhancer. The invention includes a transdermal drug delivery device comprising a matrix adapted to be placed in oxybutynin- and permeation enhancer-transmitting relation with the skin site. The matrix contains sufficient amounts of a permeation enhancer and of oxybutynin, in combination, to continuously administer to the skin for a predetermined period of time the oxybutynin to provide an effective therapeutic result. The invention is also directed to a method for the transdermal administration of a therapeutically effective amount of oxybutynin together with a skin permeation-enhancing amount of a suitable permeation enhancer.