公开(公告)号：US06410872B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-25

申请号：US09461079

申请日：1999-12-14

申请人： Duncan B. Campbell ,  James Ewan ,  Cliff J. Leidecker ,  H. Parks Squyres ,  Hooshmand M. Kalayeh

发明人： Duncan B. Campbell ,  James Ewan ,  Cliff J. Leidecker ,  H. Parks Squyres ,  Hooshmand M. Kalayeh

IPC分类号： B07C5342

摘要： A sorting system (110) conveys articles, such as peaches (114) on a conveyor belt (112) past an inspection zone (126) that is lighted by an illumination source (90) radiating a number of emission peaks over visible and infrared portions of the spectrum. The illumination source generates the radiation from an Indium Iodide lamp (92) that is reflected off a parabolic reflector (94) and through a “soda straw” collimator (100) to illuminated the peaches. A detector system (118) employs line scanning visible and infrared cameras (142, 140) to sense visible and IR wavelength reflectance values for the peach meat (124) and peach pit or pit fragments (126). Various image processing and analysis methologies, such as subtraction, ratio, logarithmic, regression, combination, angle, distance, and shape may be employed to enhance the image contrast and classify the resulting data for sorting the peaches. Employing subtraction also cancels “glint” caused by specular reflections of the illumination source off the peaches and into the cameras.

公开(公告)号：US06225620B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-01

申请号：US09277568

申请日：1999-03-26

申请人： Duncan B. Campbell ,  James Ewan ,  Cliff J. Leidecker ,  H. Parks Squyres

发明人： Duncan B. Campbell ,  James Ewan ,  Cliff J. Leidecker ,  H. Parks Squyres

IPC分类号： B07C5342

CPC分类号： B07C5/3422 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/85 ,  G01N2021/8466

摘要： A peach sorting system (110) conveys peaches (114) on a conveyor belt (112) past an inspection zone (126) that is lighted by an illumination source (90) radiating a number of emission peaks over visible and infrared portions of the spectrum. The illumination source generates the radiation from an Indium Iodide lamp (92) that is reflected off a parabolic reflector (94) and through a “soda straw” collimator (100) to illuminated the peaches. A detector system (118) employs line scanning visible and infrared cameras (142, 140) to sense visible and IR wavelength reflectance value differences existing between peach meat (124) and peach pit or pit fragments (126). Because there is a reversal in the reflectance values between the visible and infrared wavelengths, a data subtraction technique (150) is employed to enhance the detection contrast ratio. The data subtraction technique also cancels “glint” caused by specular reflections of the illumination source off the peaches and into the cameras.

摘要翻译： 桃分选系统（110）将传送带（112）上的桃（114）传送通过照射源（90）照射的检查区（126），所述照明源（90）在光谱的可见光和红外部分上辐射多个发射峰 。 照明源产生来自抛物面反射器（94）并通过“苏打吸管”准直器（100）反射的碘化铟灯（92）的照射以照亮桃子。 检测器系统（118）使用线扫描可见光和红外相机（142,140）来感测存在于桃肉（124）和桃子坑或坑碎片（126）之间的可见光和IR波长反射率值差。 因为可见光和红外波长之间的反射率值有反转，所以采用数据减法技术（150）来提高检测对比度。 数据减法技术还可以消除由于桃子和相机中的照明源的镜面反射引起的“闪烁”。

公开(公告)号：US5675416A

公开(公告)日：1997-10-07

申请号：US589187

申请日：1996-01-22

申请人： Duncan B. Campbell ,  Carl D. Christy ,  H. Parks Squyres ,  Steven D. Lancaster

发明人： Duncan B. Campbell ,  Carl D. Christy ,  H. Parks Squyres ,  Steven D. Lancaster

IPC分类号： G01J4/00 ,  B07C5/342 ,  G01N21/23 ,  G01N21/89 ,  H04N7/18 ,  B07C5/00 ,  A01S40/14

CPC分类号： B07C5/368 ,  B07C5/3422 ,  H04N7/188

摘要： A sorting system (10) propels a stream of randomly arranged PET and PVC articles (12, 14) through an inspection zone (20) including a first light polarizer/analyzer combination (24, 26), an article-detecting gap (G), and a second light polarizer/analyzer combination (28, 30). The first and second polarizer/analyzer combinations are oriented to extinguish normally incident light in the absence of articles in the inspection zone and are offset 45 degrees relative to each other such that at least one polarizer/analyzer combination detects a principal axis of birefringence of PET articles. The gap is employed to detect the presence of an article in the inspection zone. A video camera (22) includes first, second, and third CCD arrays (58, 60, 62) positioned to receive respective light rays (48, 64, 50) from the first light polarizer/analyzer combination, the gap, and the second light polarizer/analyzer combination and to generate first, second, and third video signals representative of the light each receives. A video signal processor (68) processes the second video signal to identify the presence of multiple articles in the inspection zone, processes the first and third video signals to determine whether each of the multiple articles is made from PET, and selectively activates air ejectors (70) to separate the PET articles from the other articles.

摘要翻译： 分选系统（10）通过包括第一光偏振器/分析仪组合（24,26），物品检测间隙（G）的检查区（20）推动随机布置的PET和PVC制品（12,14）流， ，以及第二光偏振器/分析器组合（28,30）。 第一和第二偏振器/分析仪组合被定向以在检查区域中不存在物品的情况下熄灭正常入射的光，并相对于彼此偏移45度，使得至少一个偏振器/分析仪组合检测PET的双折射主轴 文章。 使用间隙来检测检查区中物品的存在。 视频摄像机（22）包括第一，第二和第三CCD阵列（58,60,62），其定位成从第一光偏振器/分析仪组合接收相应的光线（48,64,50），间隙和第二CCD 光偏振器/分析仪组合，并且产生表示每个接收的光的第一，第二和第三视频信号。 视频信号处理器（68）处理第二视频信号以识别检查区域中多个物品的存在，处理第一和第三视频信号以确定多个物品中的每一个是否由PET制成，并且选择性地激活空气喷射器 70）将PET制品与其他物品分开。

公开(公告)号：US5464981A

公开(公告)日：1995-11-07

申请号：US386329

申请日：1995-02-10

申请人： Henry P. Squyres ,  Duncan B. Campbell

发明人： Henry P. Squyres ,  Duncan B. Campbell

IPC分类号： B07C5/342 ,  G01N21/88

CPC分类号： B07C5/3422 ,  G01N21/8806 ,  G01N2021/8466 ,  Y10S250/91

摘要： Methods of operating an automated optical inspection system to separate selected items, e.g., grape stems (124, 126, 128), grape leaves (122), or rocks from a mixture (16) of those items and raisins (120) include illuminating the mixture with illumination (37', 37") characterized by a spectral power distribution (86, 98) in the near infrared (88, 90, 100, 102), detecting reflections of wavelengths of the illumination in the near infrared, identifying the selected items based on the detected reflections, and sorting the selected items from the mixture.

摘要翻译： 操作自动光学检查系统以分离所选项目的方法，例如葡萄茎（124,126,128），葡萄叶（122）或来自这些物品和葡萄干（120）的混合物（16）的岩石包括照亮 以近红外线（88,90,100,102）中的光谱功率分布（86,98）为特征的照明（37'，37“）的混合物，检测近红外光的波长的反射，识别 基于检测到的反射选择的项目，以及从混合物中排序所选项目。

公开(公告)号：US4307294A

公开(公告)日：1981-12-22

申请号：US127194

申请日：1980-03-04

申请人： Duncan B. Campbell

发明人： Duncan B. Campbell

IPC分类号： H04B10/06 ,  G01J1/20

CPC分类号： H04B10/60

摘要： A free space communication receiver including a lens and a photodetector spaced along the optical axis of the lens is provided with a drive for changing the distance between the lens and photodetector to thereby shift the focal point of radiation passing through the lens relative to the photodetector. A signal level detector provides an output signal level in response to the signal from the photodetector. A logic control such as a microprocessor is connected between the signal level detector and the drive for the lens. Provided that the output signal level is below a given high threshold signal level, an automatic self-focus operation takes effect, wherein as the drive moves the focal point of the lens closer to the photodetector, the resulting increase in the output signal level maintains the operation of the drive through the logic control or microprocessor until such time as the focal point coincides with the photodetector. Further movement by the drive results in defocusing and a decrease in the signal. This decrease in the signal is detected and automatically reverses the direction of the drive so that an automatic sensing of the peak signal results. This basic automatic self-focus control works in conjunction with attenuation networks to provide a very wide range automatic gain control for the entire system. Moreover, the self-focus feature compensates for changes in the lens focal length as a result of variations in ambient temperature.

摘要翻译： 包括透镜和沿着透镜的光轴间隔开的光电检测器的自由空间通信接收器设置有用于改变透镜和光电检测器之间的距离的驱动器，从而相对于光电检测器移动通过透镜的辐射的焦点。 信号电平检测器响应于来自光电检测器的信号提供输出信号电平。 诸如微处理器的逻辑控制器连接在信号电平检测器和用于透镜的驱动器之间。 如果输出信号电平低于给定的高阈值信号电平，则自动自动对焦操作起作用，其中当驱动器将镜头的焦点移动到更靠近光电检测器时，所得到的输出信号电平的增加保持了 通过逻辑控制器或微处理器的驱动器的操作直到焦点与光电检测器重合。 驱动器的进一步移动会导致散焦和信号的减少。 检测到信号的这种下降并且自动地反转驱动器的方向，从而产生峰值信号的自动感测。 这种基本的自动自动对焦控制与衰减网络协同工作，为整个系统提供了非常广泛的自动增益控制。 此外，由于环境温度的变化，自聚焦特征补偿了透镜焦距的变化。