公开(公告)号：US07652754B2

公开(公告)日：2010-01-26

申请号：US11905851

申请日：2007-10-04

申请人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

发明人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

IPC分类号： G01P3/36

CPC分类号： H04N5/3745

摘要： A visual sensor for generating an array of binarized feature signals based on a visual field is provided. The visual sensor comprises an array of photoreceptor circuits capable of generating photoreceptor signals based on the visual field, an array of feature detectors capable of generating feature signals based on the photoreceptor signals, and a reconfigurable binary generator array capable of generating binarized feature signals based on the feature signals.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于基于视野产生二值化特征信号阵列的视觉传感器。 视觉传感器包括能够基于视野产生感光器信号的感光体电路的阵列，能够基于感光体信号产生特征信号的特征检测器阵列，以及能够基于以下方式产生二值化特征信号的可重构二进制发生器阵列 特征信号。

公开(公告)号：US6107980A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-22

申请号：US31533

申请日：1998-02-27

申请人： Anno Hermanns ,  Geoffrey L. Barrows ,  Banhalli R. Ratna

发明人： Anno Hermanns ,  Geoffrey L. Barrows ,  Banhalli R. Ratna

IPC分类号： G09G3/36 ,  G09G3/84

CPC分类号： G09G3/3648 ,  G09G3/3659 ,  G09G2300/0809

摘要： An active matrix circuit for compact, high resolution reflective liquid ctal displays includes a low quiescent current, low output impedance MOS transistor amplifier produced in a CMOS process. A voltage controlled input switch effects the voltage refresh of the active matrix cell by passing a data voltage to the input of the transistor amplifier when a control voltage pulse is present on the input switch control line. All active matrix cells in a given row use the same input switch control line, and all active matrix cells in a given column access the same data input line. Refresh of the active matrix cell voltage terminates when the input switch is opened, storing the data voltage on the input node capacitance of the amplifier. The active matrix circuit is particularly addressed to liquid crystal devices having fast, analog response liquid crystals with large molecular polarizations such as in the Electroclinic Liquid Crystals (ELC). Including such an amplifier in each active matrix cell facilitates delivery of the large charge required to switch such liquid crystals without incurring a concomitant drop in pixel voltage, as encountered with other active matrix cell circuits.

摘要翻译： 用于紧凑型高分辨率反射型液晶显示器的有源矩阵电路包括以CMOS工艺制造的低静态电流，低输出阻抗MOS晶体管放大器。 当控制电压脉冲存在于输入开关控制线上时，电压控制输入开关通过将数据电压传递到晶体管放大器的输入来实现有源矩阵单元的电压刷新。 给定行中的所有有源矩阵单元格使用相同的输入开关控制线，给定列中的所有有源矩阵单元格访问相同的数据输入行。 当输入开关打开时，有源矩阵单元电压的刷新结束，将数据电压存储在放大器的输入节点电容上。 有源矩阵电路特别涉及具有快速模拟响应液晶（具有大分子极化的液晶装置），例如在电解液晶体（ELC）中。 在每个有源矩阵单元中包括这样的放大器有助于传递转换这种液晶所需的大电荷，而不会像其他有源矩阵单元电路一样遇到像素电压的伴随下降。

公开(公告)号：US08426793B1

公开(公告)日：2013-04-23

申请号：US12245576

申请日：2008-10-03

申请人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

发明人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

IPC分类号： H01L27/00

CPC分类号： H04N5/359 ,  H01L27/14609 ,  H04N5/3591 ,  H04N5/3745

摘要： A vision sensor capable of generating an array of photoreceptor signals based on a visual field is provided. The vision sensor comprises an array of field circuits. Each field circuit comprises an array of pixel circuits capable of generating an array of potentials based on a visual field and a sample signal, and a control circuit capable of generating the sample signal based on the array of potentials. Each field circuit is also capable of generating an array of photoreceptor signals based on the array of potentials.

摘要翻译： 提供了能够基于视野产生感光体信号阵列的视觉传感器。 视觉传感器包括场电路阵列。 每个场电路包括能够基于视场和采样信号产生电位阵列的像素电路阵列，以及能够基于电位阵列产生采样信号的控制电路。 每个场电路还能够基于电位阵列产生感光体信号的阵列。

公开(公告)号：US20090168046A1

公开(公告)日：2009-07-02

申请号：US11905851

申请日：2007-10-04

申请人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

发明人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

IPC分类号： G01B11/00

CPC分类号： H04N5/3745

摘要： A visual sensor for generating an array of binarized feature signals based on a visual field is provided. The visual sensor comprises an array of photoreceptor circuits capable of generating photoreceptor signals based on the visual field, an array of feature detectors capable of generating feature signals based on the photoreceptor signals, and a reconfigurable binary generator array capable of generating binarized feature signals based on the feature signals.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于基于视野产生二值化特征信号阵列的视觉传感器。 视觉传感器包括能够基于视野产生感光器信号的感光体电路的阵列，能够基于感光体信号产生特征信号的特征检测器阵列，以及能够基于以下方式产生二值化特征信号的可重构二进制发生器阵列 特征信号。

公开(公告)号：US6020953A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-01

申请号：US141627

申请日：1998-08-27

申请人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

发明人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

IPC分类号： G01P3/80 ,  G06T7/20 ,  G01P3/36 ,  G01B11/14

CPC分类号： G01P3/806 ,  G06T7/2033

摘要： This invention is a one-dimensional elementary motion detector that measu the linear optical flow in a small subsection of the visual field. This sensor measures motion by tracking the movement of a feature across the visual field and measuring the time required to move from one location to the next. First a one-dimensional image is sampled from the visual field using a linear photoreceptor array. Feature detectors, such as edge detectors, are created with simple circuitry that performs simple computations on photoreceptor outputs. The detection of the feature's location is performed using a winner-take-all (WTA) mechanism on feature detector outputs. Motion detection is the performed by monitoring the location of the high WTA output in time to detect transitions corresponding to motion. The correspondence problem is solved by ignoring transitions to and from the end lines of the WTA output bus. Speed measurement is performed by measuring the time between WTA output transitions. This invention operates in a one-dimensional subspace of the two-dimensional visual field. The conversion of a two-dimensional image section to a one-dimensional image is performed by a specially shaped photoreceptor array which preserves image information in one direction but filters out image information in the perpendicular direction. Thus this sensor measures the projection of the 2-D optical flow vector onto the vector representing the sensor's orientation. By placing several of these sensors in different orientations and using vector arithmetic, the 2-D optical flow vector can be determined.

摘要翻译： 本发明是一维单元运动检测器，其测量视野的一小部分中的线性光流。 该传感器通过跟踪特征在视野上的移动来测量运动，并测量从一个位置移动到下一个位置所需的时间。 首先，使用线性感光体阵列从视野采样一维图像。 特征检测器，例如边缘检测器，由简单的电路产生，对感光体输出进行简单的计算。 使用功能检测器输出上的获胜者全部（WTA）机制来执行功能位置的检测。 运动检测是通过在时间上监视高WTA输出的位置来检测对应于运动的转换来执行的。 通过忽略与WTA输出总线的终端线路的转换来解决通信问题。 通过测量WTA输出转换之间的时间来进行速度测量。 本发明在二维视野的一维子空间中工作。 二维图像部分向一维图像的转换通过特殊形状的感光体阵列执行，该感光体阵列在一个方向上保留图像信息，但是沿垂直方向滤除图像信息。 因此，该传感器测量2-D光流矢量到表示传感器取向的矢量上的投影。 通过将这些传感器中的几个放置在不同的方向并使用矢量运算，可以确定2-D光流矢量。

公开(公告)号：US08077922B1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-13

申请号：US11905853

申请日：2007-10-04

申请人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

发明人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

IPC分类号： G06K9/00

CPC分类号： H01L27/14609 ,  H01L27/14625 ,  H04N5/3745

摘要： An optical flow sensor for generating optical flow measurements based on a visual field is provided. The optical flow sensor comprises a binarized signal generator capable of generating binarized feature signals based on the visual field, a metafeature signal generator capable of generating metafeature signals based on the binarized feature signals, an apparatus for generating velocity reports based on the metafeature signals, and an apparatus for generating an optical flow measurement based on the velocity reports.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于基于视场产生光流测量的光流传感器。 光流传感器包括能够基于视场产生二值化特征信号的二值化信号发生器，能够基于二值化特征信号生成元信号的电力信号发生器，用于基于该元信号产生速度报告的装置，以及 一种基于速度报告产生光流测量的装置。

公开(公告)号：US20080225420A1

公开(公告)日：2008-09-18

申请号：US11685203

申请日：2007-03-13

申请人： Geoffrey L. Barrows ,  Craig W. Neely

发明人： Geoffrey L. Barrows ,  Craig W. Neely

IPC分类号： G02B23/00

CPC分类号： G01S11/12 ,  G06T7/246 ,  G06T2200/28 ,  G06T2207/10016 ,  G06T2207/30212

摘要： A multiple aperture optical system is provided that overcomes many limitations of wide field of view imaging systems. A basic component of the multiple aperture optical system is an “eye strip”, which comprises an array of imaging apertures physically mounted onto a flexible circuit strip and a master processor. Each imaging aperture generates an aperture output based on the imaging aperture's field of view. The master processor takes as input the aperture outputs generated by the apertures on the eye strips, and generates an output in response. In one embodiment, the multiple aperture optical system enables obtaining an omnidirectional image in a structure that is thin and can be physically conformed to an underlying structure.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种克服了宽视野成像系统的许多限制的多孔光学系统。 多孔光学系统的基本部件是“眼线条”，其包括物理地安装在柔性电路条上的成像孔阵列和主处理器。 每个成像孔径基于成像孔径的视野产生孔径输出。 主处理器将眼孔上的孔产生的孔径输出作为输入，并产生响应的输出。 在一个实施例中，多孔光学系统使得能够以薄的结构获得全向图像并且可以物理上符合下面的结构。

公开(公告)号：US06384905B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-07

申请号：US09612453

申请日：2000-07-07

申请人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

发明人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

IPC分类号： G01P336

CPC分类号： G06T7/269

摘要： An optic flow sensor is provided which employs a plurality of photoreceptors and which produces a final optic flow signal that is a robust measurement of the optic flow as seen by the photoreceptors. Each array of a plurality of feature detector arrays receives, as input, photoreceptor signals from the receptors and generates a plurality of feature signals based thereon. Each optic flow measuring circuit or algorithm of a plurality of optic flow measuring circuits or algorithms receives, as input, one of the plurality of feature signals. The optic flow measuring circuits or algorithms each generate an optic flow measurement signal so that a plurality of optic flow measurement signals are generated. A fusion circuit or algorithm, which can, e.g., employ a leaky integrator circuit or algorithm, receives, as input, the optic flow measurement signals and generates the final optic flow signal based thereon.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种光学流量传感器，其采用多个光感受器并且产生最终的光学流动信号，其是光感受器所观察到的光学流动的鲁棒测量。 多个特征检测器阵列的每个阵列接收来自受体的感光信号作为输入，并基于此产生多个特征信号。 多个光流测量电路或算法中的每个光流测量电路或算法作为输入接收多个特征信号之一。 光流测量电路或算法各自产生光流测量信号，从而产生多个光流测量信号。 可以例如使用泄漏积分器电路或算法的融合电路或算法作为输入接收光流测量信号，并基于此产生最终光流信号。

公开(公告)号：US06194695B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-27

申请号：US09141621

申请日：1998-08-27

申请人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

发明人： Geoffrey L. Barrows

IPC分类号： H01L2700

CPC分类号： G01P3/68 ,  G01P3/806

摘要： This invention is a one-dimensional optic flow sensor that operates in a small region of the two-dimensional visual field. The heart of the sensor is an linear array of photoreceptors that generates a one-dimensional image representation of the visual field region of interest. The linear photoreceptor array has an orientation in the two-dimensional image space. Information in the two-dimensional image space parallel to the photoreceptor array's orientation is preserved while information in other directions is discarded. The result is that a one-dimensional optic flow algorithm using the photoreceptor array output produces a measurement of the optic flow vector onto the sensor orientation vector. In a preferred embodiment, the photoreceptor array circuitry is implemented on a focal plane chip on which an image is focused by a lens. The focal plane chip is placed slightly off the lens's focal point to blur the image. Each elongated photoreceptor has a long rectangular shaped active area, whose long dimension is perpendicular to the photoreceptor array's orientation. An iris next to the lens controls the “shape” of the blurring by having a transmission function derived from a low-pass spatial filter. The combination of the lens being out of focus and the shading from the iris blur the image in a controlled fashion that implements a low pass spatial filter. This reduces high spatial frequency components in the image that could cause problems due to spatial aliasing from the photoreceptor array.

摘要翻译： 本发明是在二维视野的小区域中操作的一维光学流量传感器。 传感器的核心是产生感兴趣的视野区域的一维图像表示的光感受器的线性阵列。 线性感光体阵列在二维图像空间中具有取向。 保留与感光体阵列取向平行的二维图像空间中的信息，同时丢弃其他方向的信息。 结果是，使用感光体阵列输出的一维光学流动算法产生光学流向量到传感器取向矢量上的测量。 在优选实施例中，感光体阵列电路在其上由透镜聚焦图像的焦平面芯片上实现。 焦平面芯片稍微放置在镜头的焦点上，以模糊图像。 每个细长的感光体具有长的矩形有效面积，其长度垂直于感光体阵列的取向。 透镜旁边的虹膜通过具有从低通空间滤波器导出的透射函数来控制模糊的“形状”。 镜头失焦和来自虹膜的阴影的组合以实现低通空间滤光片的受控方式模糊图像。 这减少了由于来自感光体阵列的空间混叠引起的问题的图像中的高空间频率分量。