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1.发明授权Determination of casing thickness using a natural gamma ray spectroscopy technique 失效使用自然伽马射线光谱技术测定套管厚度
公开(公告)号：US4459479A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-10
申请号：US395517
申请日：1982-07-06
摘要： A method of well logging utilizing naturally occurring gamma radiation is disclosed. In the preferred and illustrated embodiment, the thickness of the casing in a well borehole is measured. The photoelectric absorption of gamma rays from the formation by the iron in the casing varies as a function of the energy of the gamma radiation. The detected gamma spectrum below about 350 KeV from the surrounding earth formation is preferably divided into two energy ranges or windows, and a ratio between the two to indicate the thickness of any intervening steel casing material. With suitable scale factors in calibration of the system, casing thickness can be determined from the ratio of the summed naturally occurring gamma count rate in the range of about 35 to about 120 KeV divided by the count rate in a higher energy range from about 180-325 KeV.
摘要翻译： 公开了利用天然存在的γ射线进行测井的方法。 在优选和示出的实施例中，测量井眼中的壳体的厚度。 由外壳中的铁形成的γ射线的光电吸收作为γ辐射的能量的函数而变化。 从周围的地层形成的低于约350KeV的检测的伽马光谱优选分为两个能量范围或窗口，两者之间的比率表示任何中间钢外壳材料的厚度。 在系统校准中具有合适的比例因子时，可以根据在约35至约120KeV的范围内求和的天然存在的伽马计数率除以在较大能量范围内的计数率与约180- 325 KeV。
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2.发明授权Gain stabilized natural gamma ray detection of casing thickness in a borehole 失效在井眼中获得稳定的天然γ射线检测套管厚度
公开(公告)号：US4450354A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-22
申请号：US483400
申请日：1983-04-08
摘要： A gain stabilized natural gamma ray spectroscopy system is used to measure casing thickness in a cased well borehole. A ratio of gamma ray intensity in two selected energy ranges forms a measurement signal representative of casing thickness based on the photoelectric absorption of natural gamma rays by iron. A coincidence technique employing dual scintillation crystals and a stabilization source of charged particles and known energy gamma rays is used for gain stabilization.
摘要翻译： 增益稳定的自然伽马射线光谱系统用于测量套管井眼中的套管厚度。 两个选定能量范围内的伽马射线强度的比率基于铁的自然γ射线的光电吸收形成表示壳体厚度的测量信号。 使用双重闪烁晶体的巧合技术和带电粒子和已知能量γ射线的稳定源用于增益稳定。
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公开(公告)号：US08634273B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-21
申请号：US12605979
申请日：2009-10-26
IPC分类号： E21B47/16
CPC分类号： G01V11/002 , E21B47/16
摘要： An embodiment includes a method comprising transmitting and receiving an acoustic signal that is modulated along a jointed tubing. The acoustic signal may be transmitted in multiple passbands of the jointed tubing and may be modulated differently in different passbands. A swept frequency signal may be used to determine transmission characteristics of the jointed tubing and to select the multiple passbands. Additional embodiments are disclosed.
摘要翻译： 一个实施例包括一种方法，包括发送和接收沿着接合管道调制的声信号。 声信号可以在连接管道的多个通带中传输，并且可以在不同的通带中被不同地调制。 可以使用扫频信号来确定连接管道的传输特性并选择多个通带。 公开了另外的实施例。
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公开(公告)号：US09477008B2
公开(公告)日：2016-10-25
申请号：US12918552
申请日：2009-08-13
申请人： Carl A. Robbins , Li Gao
发明人： Carl A. Robbins , Li Gao
CPC分类号： G01V11/002 , E21B47/16
摘要： Transmitting acoustic signals from a wellbore. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are methods including transmitting an acoustic signal comprising downhole data, receiving the acoustic signal (the receiving by a receiver disposed within the internal diameter of a casing in the wellbore) converting the acoustic signal to a corresponding first electromagnetic signal, and inducing a second electromagnetic signal in a tubing responsive to the first electromagnetic signal.
摘要翻译： 从井筒传输声信号。 至少一些说明性实施例是包括发送包括井下数据的声信号的方法，接收声信号（由设置在井眼中的壳体的内径内的接收器的接收）将声信号转换为对应的第一电磁信号 并且响应于第一电磁信号在管道中引起第二电磁信号。
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公开(公告)号：US06478107B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-12
申请号：US09565301
申请日：2000-05-04
IPC分类号： G01V102
CPC分类号： G01V1/133
摘要： An axially extended downhole seismic source is disclosed. In one embodiment, the seismic source includes multiple pressure storage chambers, each having an inlet valve and an outlet valve. The inlet valve is coupled between the pressure storage chamber and the interior of the drill string, and the outlet valve is similarly coupled between the pressure storage chamber and the annular space around the drill string. A compressible fluid may be provided in the pressure storage chambers, and pistons may be positioned to contact the compressible fluid. For each pressure storage chamber, an inlet piston contacts the compressible fluid and fluid inside the drill string, while an outlet piston contacts the compressible fluid and fluid in the annular space around the drill string. When the outlet valve is closed, the inlet valve can be opened to allow pressure inside the drill string to compress the compressible fluid inside the pressure storage chamber. Subsequently closing the inlet valve and opening the outlet valve causes fluid to be ejected into the annular space, thereby generating seismic waves. The use of multiple pressure storage chambers allows the pressure front from the seismic source to be extended axially to advantageously increase the fraction of seismic energy transmitted into the formation while preventing damage to the formation.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种轴向延伸的井下地震源。 在一个实施例中，地震源包括多个压力存储室，每个压力存储室具有入口阀和出口阀。 入口阀联接在压力存储室和钻柱的内部之间，并且出口阀类似地连接在压力存储室与钻柱周围的环形空间之间。 可压缩流体可以设置在压力存储室中，并且活塞可以被定位成接触可压缩流体。 对于每个压力储存室，入口活塞接触可压缩流体和钻柱内部的流体，同时出口活塞接触可压缩流体和围绕钻柱的环形空间中的流体。 当出口阀关闭时，可以打开入口阀，以允许钻柱内部的压力压缩压力储存室内部的可压缩流体。 随后关闭入口阀并打开出口阀，导致流体被喷射到环形空间中，从而产生地震波。 使用多个压力储存室允许来自震源的压力前端轴向延伸，以有利地增加传输到地层中的地震能量的分数，同时防止对地层的损坏。
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6.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20120222900A1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-06
申请号：US13319892
申请日：2010-05-27
CPC分类号： E21B47/0006 , E21B44/00 , E21B47/024 , G01V3/08
摘要： In some example embodiments, a system includes a drill string having a drill bit. The drill string extends through at least part of a well bore. The system also includes a first vibrational sensor, positioned on the drill bit to measure, at a first location on the drill string, an amplitude of one or more of an axial vibration and a lateral vibration. The system also includes a second vibrational sensor, positioned above the drill bit and on the drill string. The second vibration sensor is to measure, at a second location on the drill string, one or more of an axial vibration and a lateral vibration. The system includes a processor unit to determine a type of vibration based on a comparison of the amplitude at the first location to the amplitude at the second location, wherein the type of vibration is at least one of bit whirl of the drill bit and a while of a bottom hole assembly that is part of the drill string.
摘要翻译： 在一些示例性实施例中，系统包括具有钻头的钻柱。 钻柱延伸穿过井眼的至少一部分。 该系统还包括位于钻头上的第一振动传感器，以在钻柱上的第一位置处测量轴向振动和横向振动中的一个或多个振幅。 该系统还包括位于钻头上方和钻柱上的第二振动传感器。 第二振动传感器在钻柱的第二位置处测量轴向振动和横向振动中的一个或多个。 该系统包括处理器单元，用于基于第一位置处的振幅与第二位置处的幅度的比较来确定振动类型，其中振动类型是钻头的位旋转和至少一个位置 作为钻柱的一部分的底孔组件。
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公开(公告)号：US08193946B2
公开(公告)日：2012-06-05
申请号：US12065529
申请日：2006-11-10
IPC分类号： H04H9/00
CPC分类号： E21B47/16
摘要： Acoustic telemetry devices and methods that provide directional detection. In one embodiment, a disclosed acoustic telemetry device comprises at least two acoustic sensors and an electronics module. The electronics module combines the detection signals from the acoustic sensors to obtain a combined signal that substantially excludes signals propagating in a direction opposite to the communication signal. The disclosed systems and methods can be trained in the field and will readily accommodate an irregular and unknown signal transmission medium between the two acoustic sensors.
摘要翻译： 声学遥测装置和方法提供方向检测。 在一个实施例中，公开的声学遥测装置包括至少两个声学传感器和电子模块。 电子模块组合来自声学传感器的检测信号，以获得基本上排除在与通信信号相反的方向传播的信号的组合信号。 所公开的系统和方法可以在现场进行训练，并且将容易地适应两个声学传感器之间的不规则和未知的信号传输介质。
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公开(公告)号：US07212075B2
公开(公告)日：2007-05-01
申请号：US10622557
申请日：2003-07-18
申请人： David J. Young , Carl A. Robbins , Eugene Linyaev
发明人： David J. Young , Carl A. Robbins , Eugene Linyaev
IPC分类号： H03B5/32
摘要： A downhole crystal-based clock that is substantially insensitive to the factors that may cause frequency deviation as a result of downhole temperature. The clock may include a plurality of crystals, where a first crystal may be more stable, with respect to temperature, than a second crystal. The crystals may be thermally coupled together so that they may have substantially the same temperature. An error detector may monitor the differences between the frequencies associated with each crystal and provide this information to a storage device. This information may be determined prior to deploying the clock downhole. When deployed downhole, the signal from the error detector may be interpreted in light of the information in the storage device to provide a temperature measurement of the two crystals. The downhole temperature measurement then may be used to reduce frequency deviations in the downhole clock that may result from downhole temperatures.
摘要翻译： 基于井下晶体的时钟，对由于井下温度可能引起频率偏差的因素基本上不敏感。 时钟可以包括多个晶体，其中第一晶体相对于温度可以比第二晶体更稳定。 晶体可以热耦合在一起，使得它们可以具有基本上相同的温度。 误差检测器可以监视与每个晶体相关联的频率之间的差异，并将该信息提供给存储设备。 该信息可以在井下部署时钟之前确定。 当部署在井下时，来自误差检测器的信号可以根据存储装置中的信息来解释，以提供两个晶体的温度测量。 然后可以使用井下温度测量来减少可能由井下温度引起的井下时钟的频率偏差。
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公开(公告)号：US5780784A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-14
申请号：US733367
申请日：1996-10-17
申请人： Carl A. Robbins
发明人： Carl A. Robbins
CPC分类号： G01V1/46
摘要： A system for eliminating the tool mode signal from a received combined signal comprising both tool mode and formation mode components, comprising: a formation receiver for receiving said combined signal, a reference receiver for receiving a tool mode reference signal, a filter for processing said tool mode reference signal and generating a predicted tool mode component of the combined signal, and a summation element for subtracting said predicted tool mode component from said combined signal and generating a predicted formation mode component. The filter preferably incorporates a portion of the output of the summation element as an error signal, enabling the filter to adapt to changing conditions and update the algorithm on which it makes its predictions. According to an alternative system, an average value for the tool mode signal is updated according to a moving average to which new data points are added as they become available. Tool mode signals are distinguishable from signals having both components because they have lower energies. When a signal is received having the lower energy that is indicative of the absence of a formation mode signal, the data point is treated as a purely tool mode signal and is added to the moving average.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从包括工具模式和形成模式组件的接收组合信号中消除工具模式信号的系统，包括：用于接收所述组合信号的形成接收器，用于接收工具模式参考信号的参考接收器，用于处理所述工具的过滤器 并产生组合信号的预测工具模式分量，以及用于从所述组合信号中减去所述预测的工具模式分量并产生预测的形成模式分量的求和元件。 滤波器优选地将求和元件的输出的一部分作为误差信号，使得滤波器能够适应变化的条件并且更新其进行预测的算法。 根据替代系统，根据在新的数据点变得可用时添加新的数据点的移动平均值来更新工具模式信号的平均值。 刀具模式信号与具有两个部件的信号区分开，因为它们具有较低的能量。 当接收到具有指示不存在形成模式信号的较低能量的信号时，数据点被视为纯工具模式信号并被加到移动平均线上。
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公开(公告)号：US4300043A
公开(公告)日：1981-11-10
申请号：US43598
申请日：1979-05-29
申请人： Carl A. Robbins
发明人： Carl A. Robbins
摘要： An oil well logging apparatus is disclosed for detecting radiation emanating or returning from an oil well formation. The apparatus has a scintillation crystal adjacent a photomultiplier tube for detecting light flashes generated in the crystal by radiation. A low energy gamma source is included in the crystal for generating a known peak of pulse counts in the energy spectrum. A cadmium shield is placed over the crystal to block low energy radiation which would tend to mask the peak of gamma source pulses. This known peak is divided electrically downhole by window discriminators such that the peak is equally divided into two windows at a standard condition. If the frequency of pulses in one window varies from the frequency of pulses in the second window, a correction factor is generated downhole for varying the pulse height of the entire spectrum until the frequency of pulses in each window is again equal. Salinity compensation is also accomplished by samarium sleeves in the logging sonde.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于检测从油井地层发出或返回的辐射的油井测井装置。 该装置具有与光电倍增管相邻的闪烁晶体，用于通过辐射检测晶体中产生的闪光。 晶体中包含低能γ源，用于产生能谱中脉冲计数的已知峰值。 镉屏蔽放置在晶体上以阻挡低能量辐射，这将倾向于掩蔽伽马源脉冲的峰值。 这个已知的峰值被窗口鉴别器电气井下分割，使得峰值在标准条件下被均等地分成两个窗口。 如果一个窗口中的脉冲频率与第二个窗口中的脉冲频率不同，则在井下产生校正因子以改变整个频谱的脉冲高度，直到每个窗口中的脉冲频率再次相等。 盐度补偿也可以通过测井仪中的钐轴完成。
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