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    Diode logic circuitry
    3.
    发明授权
    Diode logic circuitry 失效
    二极管逻辑电路

    公开(公告)号：US3230311A

    公开(公告)日：1966-01-18

    申请号：US16613262

    申请日：1962-01-15

    Applicant: IBM

    Inventor： DERSCH WILLIAM C

    IPC: G10L15/00 ,  G11C19/28 ,  H03K3/315 ,  H03K17/58 ,  H03K23/80

    CPC classification number: H03K23/80 ,  G10L15/00 ,  G11C19/28 ,  H03K3/315 ,  H03K17/58

    Abstract: 1,025,441. Semi-conductor circuits. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Jan. 2, 1963 [Jan. 15, 1962], No. 246/63. Heading H3T. [Also in Division G4] A switching circuit, e.g. for producing sharp pulses comprises two tunnel diodes X 10 , X 2o . Fig. 2, having series load resistors R 1 , R 2 respectively, connected in parallel across a supply: resistor R 1 is smaller than R 2 , so that more current flows through diode X 10 than diode X 20 . Increasing the current supplied causes diode X 10 to trigger to its high resistance state increasing the current through diode X 20 , and producing the leading edge of the output pulse E out , Fig. 3, after the inherant delay time of a tunnel diode, diode X 20 switches its state producing the trailing edge of the pulse E out . A backward diode B.D. may be connected in the output circuit to present positive overshoot at the end of the pulse. In a second embodiment, Fig. 4, a number of tunnel diodes Xa ... Xe are connected to form a sequential register resistor Ra1 is of lower value than the others, so that its first triggering pulse switches diode Xa to its high resistance condition, but leaves the others unchanged. The change in resistance of diode Xa increases the standing bias on diodes Xb so that the next triggering pulse will switch this diode and increase the bias on Xc ready for the third pulse, and so on until all diodes are switched. The " sequencing " property may be employed in a word recognition circuit, Fig. 6. Detectors of strong frictioning Fs voicing V and weak frictioning Fw are connected to word recognition blocks each of which comprise tunnel diode registers of the type described above. The circuit of Fig. 4 may be modified to form a counter, Fig. 7 (not shown) by connecting all the trigger inputs to a common pulse source so that each pulse to be counted changes the state of one diode. The circuit of Fig. 2 may be used as the source of pulses for such a counter.

    Signal conversion circuits
    7.
    发明授权
    Signal conversion circuits 失效
    信号转换电路

    公开(公告)号：US3094586A

    公开(公告)日：1963-06-18

    申请号：US833960

    申请日：1960-02-12

    Applicant: IBM

    Inventor： DERSCH WILLIAM C

    IPC: G10L21/00

    CPC classification number: G10L21/00

    Abstract: 969, 507. Measurement circuits including cathode-ray oscilloscopes. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Feb. 13, 1961 [Feb. 12, 1960], No. 5266/61. Heading G1U. [Also in Division H4] Apparatus for converting the average amplitude of a signal to a selected average amplitude comprises a first means for averaging the signal over a predetermined interval, second means for providing a delayed version of the signal and a variable gain amplifier which amplifies the delayed signal by an amount determined by the averaging means. The invention is described in relation to a device for displaying characteristics of a spoken word, the display also including variations in frequency and being caused to assume a standard length irrespective of the duration of the word. Such a method of display facilitates recognition by comparison with standard patterns for different words. As shown the signal from the audio source 10 is applied to a'n envelope demodulator 18 followed by an intergrator circuit 19 whose output represents the mean amplifude of the signal. The output of circuit 19 controls the gain of amplifier 21 to which the sound signal is applied after passing through the delay device 11. A generator 25 is provided which generates a constant output signal for the duration of the sound to be observed and this is integrated and used to vary correspondingly the gain of a second amplifier 23 fed from the output of amplfier 21. A frequency demodulator followed by an integrator indicates the average frequency of the sound signal and this is used to control variable band pass filters 35, 39 which are fed by the amplitude normalizer output from amplifier 23. Filter 35 feeds an envelope demodulator whose output thus indicates the variations in amplitude of the normalized signal. Filter 39 feeds a frequency measuring circuit which comprises a "zero crossing" pulse generator 40 followed by an integrator 41. The circuit 40 may be arranged to produce pulses not only at each zero crossing of the input wave but also at its maxima and minima. The amplitude and frequency indications are fed to a switch 44 which feeds these signals on a time division basis to a display device such as a cathode ray oscillograph. The time of sweep of the latter is controlled by the duration indicator 30 so as to spread the indications over a standard length on the tube. Alternatively, the amplitude and frequency indications may be applied to an analogue-digital converter which is then read out at a rate determined by the duration signal. The delay device may be a magnetic tape and amplitude and frequency variations may be displayed for signal components in a plurality of frequency ranges Fig. 2 (not shown). Specification 969, 508 is referred to.

    Sound analyzing system
    10.
    发明授权
    Sound analyzing system 失效

    公开(公告)号：US3198884A

    公开(公告)日：1965-08-03

    申请号：US5254860

    申请日：1960-08-29

    Applicant: IBM

    Inventor： DERSCH WILLIAM C

    IPC: G10L15/00 ,  G10L15/02

    CPC classification number: G10L15/02 ,  G10L15/00

    Abstract: 981, 383. Identifying spoken words. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Aug. 28, 1961 [Aug. 29, 1960], No. 30960/61. Heading G4R. In a system for the recognition of spoken words means are provided to derive an electric signal representing the sound and circuits responsive to a number of selected properties of the signals which vary during the duration of the word and further circuits controlled by the time of operation of the first circuits to identify particular characteristics in the sound. A system arranged to recognise the spoken digits "zero" to "nine" consists of a microphone 20, Fig. 2 and amplifier 21 and six detector circuits 24-29 to which the signal is applied. The voicing detector 24 responds to an asymmetric characteristic found in the vocal chord sounds of speech. These sounds generally represent the vowel sounds as opposed to the frictional and other consonant sounds. The circuits 25-27 respond to specific vowel characteristics to distinguish particular words. Circuit 25 gives an output when the vowel sound of " one" is present but not when "nine" is present. The circuit 26 responds to the sound "four" but not "three" and circuit 27 distinguishes "two" from "seven" by giving an output only when "seven" is present. Two further circuits 28, 29 respond to strong frictional sounds (such as "s", hard "t" and "x") and weak frictional sounds (such as "f", "v" and soft "t"). The circuits 24-29 are each connected to relays in the "sound increment sequency register" 16. The relay contacts are interconnected as shown in Fig. 3 to obtain further signals; a "weak friction early" (k2), "strong friction early" (k3), "Voicing and friction" (k4) "Weak friction late" (k5) and "Strong friction late" (k6). Early and late indicate that the frictional sound comes before or after the voice sound. Contacts of the relays K1-K11 are connected in a network Fig. 4 to indicate the presence of particular combinations representing the ten digits. "Zero", for example gives a voicing and friction signal which comes from the "z" sound. Relays K1 and K4 give an output on the "zero" line in Fig. 4. Other digit words are identified in a similar way. Circuits 24 29: The voicing detector 24 measures the difference between the peak of the positive envelope of the word signals and the peak of the negative envelope. The signals are generally complex waves rather like damped oscillations. The signals are applied to a phase shifting circuit which passes all frequencies of interest. This consists of a transistor 50 having a network consisting of an adjustable resistor 60 and capacitor 61. The output is applied via a transformer 63 to oppositely poled diodes each having a capacitor 68, 73 and coupled to a junction point 70 through resistors. A voice signal produces an out-of-balance between the two capacitors 68, 73 and a corresponding signal output at terminal 70. The "m" and "n" sounds called "machine vowel sounds" give a balanced signal and no output at terminal 70. Adjustment of the resistor alters the response to different voicing sounds and may be used to distinguish between "three" and "four", the former giving a positive response and the second a negative. With another adjustment "one" and "nine" can be distinguished in the same way. By further adjustment a pulse of one polarity may be followed by an opposite pulse in response to particular conditions. These responses can be identified by suitable circuits, for example a multivibrator can be set by the pulse of first polarity and its output used to enable for a predetermined period a gate for the second pulse. The circuit 27 distinguishing "two" from "seven" comprises a high pass filter 100 Fig. 10 and a low pass filter 102, the outputs being applied through oppositely poled diodes to integrating circuits. The outputs are additively combined in resistor 122. The outputs for "two" and "seven" are of opposite polarity. The circuit 28 is shown in Fig. 8 consists of a high pass filter 80 (passing signals over 5000 cycles) the output of which is applied through adjustable resistor 81, diode 82 to integrating capacitor 84. A threshold device may be connected to respond to strong friction signals. Circuit 29 detecting weak friction sounds as shown in Fig. 9. The input signals are applied to a high gain clipper amplifier 87 to get a series of rectangular pulses which trigger a multivibrator 88 to give a series of short pulses one for each zero crossing the input signal. The rectifying and integrating circuit 90, 91, 93, 94 serves to measure the number of zero crossings occurring in a certain time period. An output of a certain value, detected by a threshold device, indicates a weak friction sound. Double vowel words:- The system may be extended to recognise double voice sound words by switching the first part of a word signal to a first register and after the detection of a machine syllable to switch the second part to a second register. The outputs of the two registers are combined to identify the word. The syllable detector may respond to the occurrence of a second voice sound signal.

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