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公开(公告)号：US4476198A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-09
申请号：US541213
申请日：1983-10-12
申请人： John P. Ackerman , John E. Young
发明人： John P. Ackerman , John E. Young
CPC分类号： H01M8/2435 , H01M8/1231
摘要： A solid oxide fuel cell for electrochemically combining fuel and oxidant for generating galvanic output, wherein the cell core has an array of electrolyte and interconnect walls that are substantially devoid of any composite inert materials for support. Instead, the core is monolithic, where each electrolyte wall consists of thin layers of cathode and anode materials sandwiching a thin layer of electrolyte material therebetween, and each interconnect wall consists of thin layers of the cathode and anode materials sandwiching a thin layer of interconnect material therebetween. The electrolyte walls are arranged and backfolded between adjacent interconnect walls operable to define a plurality of core passageways alternately arranged where the inside faces thereof have only the anode material or only the cathode material exposed. Means direct the fuel to the anode-exposed core passageways and means direct the oxidant to the cathode-exposed core passageway; and means also direct the galvanic output to an exterior circuit. Each layer of the electrolyte and interconnect materials is of the order of 0.002-0.01 cm thick; and each layer of the cathode and anode materials is of the order of 0.002-0.05 cm thick.
摘要翻译： 一种用于电化学地组合燃料和氧化剂以产生电流输出的固体氧化物燃料电池，其中电池芯具有基本上没有用于支撑的任何复合惰性材料的电解质和互连壁阵列。 核心是整体式的，其中每个电解质壁由阴极和阳极材料的薄层组成，其间夹有薄层的电解质材料，每个互连壁由阴极和阳极材料的薄层组成，夹层薄层的互连材料 之间。 电解质壁被布置和折叠在相邻的互连壁之间，其可操作以限定交替布置的多个芯通道，其中其内表面仅具有阳极材料或仅暴露阴极材料。 装置将燃料引导到阳极暴露的芯通道，并且意味着将氧化剂引导到阴极暴露的芯通道; 并且还可以将电流输出引导到外部电路。 电解质和互连材料的每一层的厚度约为0.002-0.01厘米; 并且阴极和阳极材料的每一层的厚度为0.002-0.05cm的数量级。
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2.发明授权Electrorefining process and apparatus for recovery of uranium and a mixture of uranium and plutonium from spent fuels 失效用于从废燃料中回收铀和铀和钚的混合物的电解精炼工艺和设备
公开(公告)号：US4880506A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US117880
申请日：1987-11-05
CPC分类号： C25C7/005 , C25C3/34 , G21C19/48 , Y02W30/884
摘要： An electrorefining process and apparatus for the recovery of uranium and a mixture of uranium and plutonium from spent fuel using an electrolytic cell having a lower molten cadmium pool containing spent nuclear fuel, an intermediate electrolyte pool, an anode basket containing spent fuel, and two cathodes, the first cathode composed of either a solid alloy or molten cadmium and the second cathode composed of molten cadmium. Using this cell, additional amounts of uranium and plutonium from the anode basket are dissolved in the lower molten cadmium pool, and then substantially pure uranium is electrolytically transported and deposited on the first alloy or molten cadmium cathode. Subsequently, a mixture of uranium and plutonium is electrotransported and deposited on the second molten cadmium cathode.
摘要翻译： 一种用于使用具有含有乏核燃料的较低熔融镉池的电解池，中间电解池，含有废燃料的阳极筐和两个阴极从废燃料中回收铀和铀和钚的混合物的电解精炼方法和装置 ，由固体合金或熔融镉构成的第一阴极和由熔融镉组成的第二阴极。 使用该电池，将来自阳极筐的额外量的铀和钚溶解在下部熔融镉池中，然后将基本上纯的铀电解输送并沉积在第一合金或熔融镉阴极上。 随后，将铀和钚的混合物电运输并沉积在第二熔融镉阴极上。
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公开(公告)号：US4814046A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-21
申请号：US217916
申请日：1988-07-12
IPC分类号： G21C19/44 , C01G56/00 , C22B60/02 , C22B60/04 , G21C19/48 , G21F9/06 , G21F9/30 , C01G57/00 , G21C1/24 , G21C19/42
CPC分类号： C22B60/04 , C22B60/0295 , G21C19/48 , Y02W30/884
摘要： A process for removing transuranic elements from a waste chloride electrolytic salt containing transuranic elements in addition to rare earth and other fission product elements so the salt waste may be disposed of more easily and the valuable transuranic elements may be recovered for reuse. The salt is contacted with a cadmium-uranium alloy which selectively extracts the transuranic elements from the salt. The waste salt is generated during the reprocessing of nuclear fuel associated with the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR).
摘要翻译： 除了稀土和其他裂变产物元素之外，还可以从含有超铀元素的废氯化物电解盐中除去超铀元素的方法，因此可以更容易地处理盐废物，并且可以回收有价值的超铀元素以便再利用。 盐与选择性地从盐中提取超铀元素的镉 - 铀合金接触。 在与Integral Fast Reactor（IFR）相关的核燃料的后处理中产生废盐。
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公开(公告)号：US5336450A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-09
申请号：US999339
申请日：1992-12-31
申请人： John P. Ackerman , Terry R. Johnson
发明人： John P. Ackerman , Terry R. Johnson
CPC分类号： C22B61/00 , G21C19/48 , Y02W30/884
摘要： The invention is a process for the removal of rare earths from molten chloride electrolyte salts used in the reprocessing of integrated fast reactor fuel (IFR). The process can be used either continuously during normal operation of the electrorefiner or as a batch process. The process consists of first separating the actinide values from the salt before purification by removal of the rare earths. After replacement of the actinides removed in the first step, the now-purified salt electrolyte has the same uranium and plutonium concentration and ratio as when the salt was removed from the electrorefiner.
摘要翻译： 本发明是从用于综合快堆反应堆燃料（IFR）后处理的氯化氯电解质盐中除去稀土的方法。 该方法可以在电抛光机的正常操作期间连续使用或作为间歇工艺使用。 该方法包括首先通过除去稀土元素将纯化前的锕系元素值与盐分离。 在更换在第一步骤中除去的锕系元素后，现有纯化的盐电解质具有与从电学纯化器中除去盐时相同的铀和钚浓度和比例。
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公开(公告)号：US5147616A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-15
申请号：US770387
申请日：1991-10-03
CPC分类号： C22B60/0213 , G21C19/48 , Y02P10/212 , Y02W30/884
摘要： A process of separating transuranium actinide values from uranium values present in spent nuclear oxide fuels which contain rare earth and noble metal fission products. The oxide fuel is reduced with Ca metal in the presence of CaCl.sub.2 and a U-Fe alloy containing not less than about 84% by weight uranium at a temperature in the range of from about 800.degree. C. to about 850.degree. C. to produce additional uranium metal which dissolves in the U-Fe alloy raising the uranium concentration and having transuranium actinide metals and rare earth fission product metals and the noble metal fission products dissolved therein. The CaCl.sub.2 having CaO and fission products of alkali metals and the alkali earth metals and iodine dissolved therein is separated and electrolytically treated with a carbon electrode to reduce the CaO to Ca metal while converting the carbon electrode to CO and CO.sub.2. The Ca metal and CaCl.sub.2 is recycled to reduce additional oxide fuel. The U-Fe alloy having transuranium actinide metals and rare earth fission product metals and the noble metal fission products dissolved therein is contacted with Mg metal which takes up the actinide and rare earth fission product metals. The U-Fe alloy retains the noble metal fission products and is stored while the Mg is distilled and recycled leaving the transuranium actinide and rare earth fission products isolated.
摘要翻译： 将铀的锕系元素值与含有稀土和贵金属裂变产物的废核氧化物燃料中存在的铀值分离的过程。 在CaCl 2和含有不少于约84重量％铀的U-Fe合金的存在下，在约800℃至约850℃的温度范围内，氧化物燃料用Ca金属还原以产生 溶解在U-Fe合金中的另外的铀金属提高铀浓度并且具有铀锕系金属和稀土裂变产物金属以及其中溶解的贵金属裂变产物。 将碳酸钙和碱金属的裂变产物和碱土金属和碘溶解在其中的CaCl 2分离并用碳电极进行电解处理，以将碳电极转化为CO和CO 2，从而将CaO还原为Ca金属。 Ca金属和CaCl2被再循环以减少额外的氧化物燃料。 具有锕系金属和稀土裂变产物金属的U-Fe合金和溶解在其中的贵金属裂变产物与吸收锕系元素和稀土裂变产物金属的金属Mg接触。 U-Fe合金保留贵金属裂变产物，并在Mg蒸馏和再循环时储存，分离出铀锕系和稀土裂变产物。
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公开(公告)号：US07638026B1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-29
申请号：US11215202
申请日：2005-08-24
IPC分类号： C25C3/34
CPC分类号： C25C3/34
摘要： This is a single stage process for treating spent nuclear fuel from light water reactors. The spent nuclear fuel, uranium oxide, UO2, is added to a solution of UCl4 dissolved in molten LiCl. A carbon anode and a metallic cathode is positioned in the molten salt bath. A power source is connected to the electrodes and a voltage greater than or equal to 1.3 volts is applied to the bath. At the anode, the carbon is oxidized to form carbon dioxide and uranium chloride. At the cathode, uranium is electroplated. The uranium chloride at the cathode reacts with more uranium oxide to continue the reaction. The process may also be used with other transuranic oxides and rare earth metal oxides.
摘要翻译： 这是从轻水反应堆处理乏核燃料的单阶段过程。 将废核燃料，氧化铀，UO2加入到溶解在熔融LiCl中的UCl 4溶液中。 碳阳极和金属阴极位于熔融盐浴中。 电源连接到电极，并且将大于或等于1.3伏的电压施加到电镀槽。 在阳极处，碳被氧化形成二氧化碳和氯化铀。 在阴极处，铀被电镀。 阴极处的铀氯化物与更多的氧化铀反应以继续反应。 该方法也可以与其他超铀氧化物和稀土金属氧化物一起使用。
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公开(公告)号：US07410561B2
公开(公告)日：2008-08-12
申请号：US11084940
申请日：2005-03-21
申请人： Dennis W. Dees , John P. Ackerman
发明人： Dennis W. Dees , John P. Ackerman
摘要： A method of electrochemically reducing a metal oxide to the metal in an electrochemical cell is disclosed along with the cell. Each of the anode and cathode operate at their respective maximum reaction rates. An electrolyte and an anode at which oxygen can be evolved, and a cathode including a metal oxide to be reduced are included as is a third electrode with independent power supplies connecting the anode and the third electrode and the cathode and the third electrode.
摘要翻译： 与电池一起公开了一种在电化学电池中电化学还原金属氧化物到金属的方法。 阳极和阴极中的每一个以它们各自的最大反应速率操作。 包括能够放出氧的电解质和阳极以及包含待还原的金属氧化物的阴极，包括连接阳极和第三电极以及阴极和第三电极的独立电源的第三电极。
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公开(公告)号：US5096545A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-17
申请号：US703641
申请日：1991-05-21
申请人： John P. Ackerman
发明人： John P. Ackerman
CPC分类号： C25C3/34 , C22B60/0213 , C22B60/04 , G21C19/48 , Y02W30/884
摘要： A process for separating uranium values and transuranic values from fission products containing rare earth values when the values are contained together in a molten chloride salt electrolyte. A molten chloride salt electrolyte with a first ratio of plutonium chloride to uranium chloride is contacted with both a solid cathode and an anode having values of uranium and fission products including plutonium. A voltage is applied across the anode and cathode electrolytically to transfer uranium and plutonium from the anode to the electrolyte while uranium values in the electrolyte electrolytically deposit as uranium metal on the solid cathode in an amount equal to the uranium and plutonium transferred from the anode causing the electrolyte to have a second ratio of plutonium chloride to uranium chloride. Then the solid cathode with the uranium metal deposited thereon is removed and molten cadmium having uranium dissolved therein is brought into contact with the electrolyte resulting in chemical transfer of plutonium values from the electrolyte to the molten cadmium and transfer of uranium values from the molten cadmium to the electrolyte until the first ratio of plutonium chloride to uranium chloride is reestablished.
摘要翻译： 当将这些值包含在熔融氯化物盐电解质中时，从含有稀土值的裂变产物中分离铀值和超铀值的方法。 将具有钚氯化物与铀氯化物的第一比例的熔融氯化物盐电解质与具有铀和裂变产物（包括钚）的值的固体阴极和阳极接触。 在阳极和阴极电解施加电压以将铀和钚从阳极转移到电解质，而电解质中的铀值电解沉积为固体阴极上的铀金属，其数量等于从阳极转移的铀和钚，导致 电解质具有钚氯化物与铀氯化物的第二比例。 然后去除沉积在其上的铀金属的固体阴极，使溶解有铀的熔融镉与电解液接触，导致钚值从电解质向熔融镉的化学转移，并将铀值从熔融镉转移到 电解液直到钚氯化物与氯化铀的第一比例重新建立。
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公开(公告)号：US4499663A
公开(公告)日：1985-02-19
申请号：US541184
申请日：1983-10-12
申请人： Stanley A. Zwick , John P. Ackerman
发明人： Stanley A. Zwick , John P. Ackerman
CPC分类号： H01M8/1213 , H01M4/9033 , H01M4/9066 , Y10T29/49108
摘要： A method is disclosed for forming a core for use in a solid oxide fuel cell that electrochemically combines fuel and oxidant for generating galvanic output. The core has an array of electrolyte and interconnect walls that are substantially devoid of any composite inert materials for support consisting instead only of the active anode, cathode, electrolyte and interconnect materials. Each electrolyte wall consists of cathode and anode materials sandwiching electrolyte material therebetween, and each interconnect wall consists of the cathode and anode materials sandwiching interconnect material therebetween. The electrolyte and interconnect walls define a plurality of substantially parallel core passageways alternately having respectively the inside faces thereof with only the anode material or with only the cathode material exposed. In the wall structure, the electrolyte and interconnect materials are only 0.002-0.01 cm thick; and the cathode and anode materials are only 0.002-0.05 cm thick. The method consists of building up the electrolyte and interconnect walls by depositing each material on individually and endwise of the wall itself, where each material deposit is sequentially applied for one cycle; and where the depositing cycle is repeated many times until the material buildup is sufficient to formulate the core. The core is heat cured to become dimensionally and structurally stable.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于形成用于固体氧化物燃料电池的芯的方法，其中电化学地组合燃料和氧化剂以产生电流输出。 核心具有基本上不含任何用于支持的复合惰性材料的电解质和互连壁阵列，而仅包括活性阳极，阴极，电解质和互连材料。 每个电解质壁由在其间夹有电解质材料的阴极和负极材料组成，并且每个互连壁由在其间夹置互连材料的阴极和阳极材料组成。 电解质和互连壁限定了多个基本上平行的芯通道，其交替地分别具有其内表面仅具有阳极材料或仅露出阴极材料。 在壁结构中，电解质和互连材料只有0.002-0.01厘米厚; 阴极和阳极材料的厚度只有0.002-0.05厘米。 该方法包括通过在墙壁本身的单独和最终方向上沉积每种材料来建立电解质和互连壁，其中每个材料沉积物依次施加一个周期; 并且沉积周期重复多次，直到材料堆积足以配制核心。 核心被热固化成尺寸和结构稳定。
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公开(公告)号：US06911134B2
公开(公告)日：2005-06-28
申请号：US10236133
申请日：2002-09-06
申请人： Dennis W. Dees , John P. Ackerman
发明人： Dennis W. Dees , John P. Ackerman
摘要： A method of electrochemically reducing a metal oxide to the metal in an electrochemical cell is disclosed along with the cell. Each of the anode and cathode operate at their respective maximum reaction rates. An electrolyte and an anode at which oxygen can be evolved, and a cathode including a metal oxide to be reduced are included as is a third electrode with independent power supplies connecting the anode and the third electrode and the cathode and the third electrode.
摘要翻译： 与电池一起公开了一种在电化学电池中电化学还原金属氧化物到金属的方法。 阳极和阴极中的每一个以它们各自的最大反应速率操作。 包括能够放出氧的电解质和阳极以及包含待还原的金属氧化物的阴极，包括连接阳极和第三电极以及阴极和第三电极的独立电源的第三电极。
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