公开(公告)号：US4961055A

公开(公告)日：1990-10-02

申请号：US293204

申请日：1989-01-04

申请人： Joseph Habib ,  Paul Nielsen ,  Paul H. Nielsen

发明人： Joseph Habib ,  Paul Nielsen ,  Paul H. Nielsen

IPC分类号： G01D5/241

CPC分类号： G01D5/2412

摘要： A linear capacitance displacement transducer for measuring absolute displacement is formed from a coaxial variable capacitor and a precision capacitance measuring electronic circuit. The plates of the coaxial capacitor are attached to the members of an assembly whose displacement relative to one another is to be determined. Linear displacement of the members causes a linear displacement between the capacitor plates which is reflected in a linear capacitance change. A capacitor controlled oscillator utilizes the coaxial variable capacitor at its input. The capacitor controlled oscillator whose period of oscillation is been determined by the capacitance and locked in phase with changes of capacitance is utilized as a precision measure of capacitance. The period of the square wave output of the oscillator is a linear function of the capacitance of the variable capacitor at any time. The transducer may be adapted to determine the absolute position of a piston rod in a hydraulic cylinder.

摘要翻译： 用于测量绝对位移的线性电容位移传感器由同轴可变电容器和精密电容测量电子电路形成。 同轴电容器的板被附接到组件的相对于彼此的位移的构件。 构件的线性位移导致电容器板之间以线性电容变化反射的线性位移。 电容器控制振荡器在其输入端使用同轴可变电容器。 电容振荡器的振荡周期由电容确定并与电容变化锁定在一起，被用作电容的精度测量。 振荡器的方波输出周期是随时可变电容器电容的线性函数。 传感器可以适于确定活塞杆在液压缸中的绝对位置。

公开(公告)号：US07249493B2

公开(公告)日：2007-07-31

申请号：US11449509

申请日：2006-06-07

申请人： Richard Kellerman ,  Paul H. Nielsen

发明人： Richard Kellerman ,  Paul H. Nielsen

IPC分类号： G01N25/56

CPC分类号： G01N25/56

摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring relative humidity of a mixture that provides a quick response time for thermal lag while affording protection to fragile sensors. In one aspect, the invention is a method for calculating the relative humidity of a mixture comprising measuring a chamber relative humidity (RHC) within a chamber enclosing an humidity sensor; measuring a first temperature (TC) within the chamber; measuring a second temperature (TA) separate from said chamber, said second temperature being the temperature of the mixture; and calculating the mixture relative humidity (RHA) based on the chamber relative humidity, a first value representing the first temperature and a second value representing the second temperature.

摘要翻译： 一种用于测量混合物的相对湿度的方法和装置，其为热滞后提供快速响应时间，同时保护脆弱的传感器。 一方面，本发明是一种用于计算混合物的相对湿度的方法，包括测量包围湿度传感器的室内的室相对湿度（RHC）; 测量室内的第一温度（TC）; 测量与所述室分离的第二温度（TA），所述第二温度是所述混合物的温度; 以及基于室相对湿度计算混合物相对湿度（RHA），表示第一温度的第一值和表示第二温度的第二值。

公开(公告)号：US5334932A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-02

申请号：US813353

申请日：1991-12-24

申请人： Paul H. Nielsen

发明人： Paul H. Nielsen

IPC分类号： G01N15/00 ,  F16N29/00 ,  G01N15/06 ,  G01N27/02 ,  G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/74 ,  G01V3/10 ,  G01R33/12

CPC分类号： F16N29/00 ,  G01N15/0656 ,  G01V3/101

摘要： A magnetic sensor for the collection and measurement of ferrous particles through the use of an electronic tuned circuit is disclosed. The sensor contains an electrical inductance coil along with an integral magnet to attract ferrous particles suspended in the fluid. The ferrous particles collecting on the magnetic surface of the sensor causes a change in the inductance of the integral coil which is measured by an electronic circuit. The electronic circuit operating in conjunction with the sensor utilizes a series resonant circuit. A measurement of the voltage across the series resonant circuit is responsive to changes in temperature of the inductance coil. A microprocessor is used to determine the change in period of the resonant oscillation with change in inductance of the coil. The microprocessor uses the data on temperature variation to correct the observed change in oscillator period for the effects of temperature. The sensor may be located in environmental conditions which include a large variation in ambient temperature. The microprocessor may be interrogated to obtain information on the total debris accumulated, the presence of any rapid or large debris accumulation and the variation of the temperature in the probe.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过使用电子调谐电路来收集和测量亚铁颗粒的磁传感器。 该传感器包含一个电感线圈和一个整体的磁铁，以吸引悬浮在流体中的亚铁颗粒。 收集在传感器的磁性表面上的铁质颗粒导致由电子电路测量的积分线圈的电感的变化。 与传感器一起工作的电子电路利用串联谐振电路。 串联谐振电路两端的电压的测量响应于电感线圈的温度变化。 微处理器用于通过线圈电感的变化来确定谐振振荡周期的变化。 微处理器使用温度变化的数据来校正观察到的温度对振荡周期的变化。 传感器可以位于包括环境温度变化很大的环境条件下。 可以询问微处理器以获得关于积累的总碎片，任何快速或大的碎屑堆积的存在以及探针中的温度变化的信息。

公开(公告)号：US07059170B2

公开(公告)日：2006-06-13

申请号：US10789211

申请日：2004-02-27

申请人： Richard Kellerman ,  Paul H. Nielsen

发明人： Richard Kellerman ,  Paul H. Nielsen

IPC分类号： G01N25/56

CPC分类号： G01N25/56

摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring relative humidity of a mixture that provides a quick response time for thermal lag while affording protection to fragile sensors. In one aspect, the invention is an apparatus comprising: a chamber having a membrane covering an opening in the chamber, the membrane being permeable to water vapor while impermeable to liquid water; a humidity sensor for measuring relative humidity of the mixture within the chamber; a first temperature sensor for measuring a temperature relating to the mixture within the chamber; a second temperature sensor for measuring temperature of the mixture at a point exterior to the chamber; and a processor for receiving signals representing the measurements taken by the humidity sensor, the first temperature sensor, and the second temperature sensor and programmed to calculate relative humidity of the mixture at the point exterior to the chamber as a function thereof. The internal surfaces that form the chamber volume are preferably constructed of nonabsorbent material.

摘要翻译： 一种用于测量混合物的相对湿度的方法和装置，其为热滞后提供快速响应时间，同时保护脆弱的传感器。 一方面，本发明是一种装置，包括：具有覆盖所述室中的开口的膜的室，所述膜在不渗透液体水的同时可渗透水蒸气; 湿度传感器，用于测量室内混合物的相对湿度; 用于测量与室内的混合物相关的温度的第一温度传感器; 第二温度传感器，用于在所述室外部的点处测量所述混合物的温度; 以及处理器，用于接收表示由湿度传感器，第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器进行的测量的信号，并且被编程为计算作为其功能的室外的点处的混合物的相对湿度。 形成室容积的内表面优选由非吸收性材料构成。

公开(公告)号：US5117065A

公开(公告)日：1992-05-26

申请号：US538806

申请日：1990-06-15

申请人： Howard S. Savage ,  Paul H. Nielsen

发明人： Howard S. Savage ,  Paul H. Nielsen

IPC分类号： H05K9/00

CPC分类号： H05K9/0001 ,  Y10T29/49002

摘要： A method of joining shielding materials used for minimizing passage of electromagnetic and radio frequency energy through the walls of an enclosure, comprising the steps of securing a metallic backing plate to one wall of the enclosure, positioning an end portion of a first sheet of shielding material to the backing plate, then positioning an end portion of second sheet of shielding material atop the end portion of the first sheet of shielding material, and then applying a vibrating tool to the overlapped end portions of the first and second sheets of shielding material to metallurgically bond the facing surfaces of the overlapped shielding materials. A joint structure resulting from practice of the method is also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 一种连接屏蔽材料的方法，所述屏蔽材料用于使电磁和射频能量的通过最小化通过外壳的壁，包括以下步骤：将金属背板固定到外壳的一个壁上，定位第一屏蔽材料片的端部 然后将第二片屏蔽材料的端部定位在第一屏蔽材料片的端部的顶部，然后将振动工具施加到第一和第二屏蔽材料片的重叠端部，以冶金地 结合重叠屏蔽材料的相对表面。 还公开了由该方法的实践产生的联合结构。

公开(公告)号：US4450434A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-22

申请号：US265886

申请日：1981-05-19

申请人： Paul H. Nielsen ,  Ray G. McCormack

发明人： Paul H. Nielsen ,  Ray G. McCormack

IPC分类号： G08B13/12 ,  G08B29/00 ,  G08B13/00

CPC分类号： G08B13/124

摘要： An improved intrusion detection apparatus for detecting when a fence is cutr has been climbed over, as well as the location of the intrusion. A cable comprising at least one optical fiber having an electrical transmission line running therealong is strung along the fence to be protected. If an intruder either cuts the cable or stresses the fence so that the cable breaks, an optical signal running along the optical fiber or fibers is lost, thus providing an alarm indication at a central station. The loss of the optical signal automatically triggers an electrical pulse generator means which feeds pulses down the transmission line running along the optical fiber. Part of the pulse energy is reflected at the transmission line break, and the time elapsed between transmission and receipt of the pulses is determined by time domain reflectometry techniques (TDR).

摘要翻译： 一种改进的入侵检测装置，用于检测围栏何时被切割或已经爬过，以及入侵的位置。 包括至少一根具有沿其运行的电传输线的光纤的电缆沿着要被保护的栅栏串起。 如果入侵者切断电缆或对栅栏施加压力以使电缆断裂，则沿着光纤或光纤运行的光信号将丢失，从而在中心站提供报警指示。 光信号的损失自动触发一个电脉冲发生器装置，它将脉冲沿着沿光纤运行的传输线进给。 脉冲能量的一部分在传输线断裂处反映，并且脉冲的传输和接收之间经过的时间由时域反射测量技术（TDR）确定。

公开(公告)号：US4670660A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-02

申请号：US720025

申请日：1985-04-04

申请人： Harry J. Kuhlen ,  Paul H. Nielsen

发明人： Harry J. Kuhlen ,  Paul H. Nielsen

IPC分类号： G01F23/292 ,  G01F23/02

CPC分类号： G01F23/2922

摘要： An optical liquid level sensor utilizing both a prismatic member for the light refraction when immersed in and surrounded by a liquid and its effects for the indication of the presence and absence, selectively, of the liquid level. This level indication is provided in the subject case through a target plate bearing letter codes and legends, respectively, which are recognized and standardized in this trade and which become visible at the onset and for the duration of an acceptable liquid level situation; otherwise; a messageless image appears in the sensor. The illuminated target plate allows also for the observation of the color and any color change of the liquid and the taking of remedial actions.

摘要翻译： 一种光学液位传感器，当浸入液体中并被液体包围时，利用棱镜构件进行光折射，以及用于指示液位的存在和不存在的作用。 本级别指示通过分别承载和标准化的目标板承载字母代码和图例在目标板块中提供，并在可接受的液位状况的开始和持续时间内变得可见; 除此以外; 传感器中出现无消息图像。 照明的目标板还允许观察液体的颜色和任何颜色变化以及采取补救措施。

公开(公告)号：US4471294A

公开(公告)日：1984-09-11

申请号：US437659

申请日：1982-10-29

申请人： Paul H. Nielsen

发明人： Paul H. Nielsen

IPC分类号： G01R31/08

CPC分类号： G01R31/08

摘要： A method and apparatus for locating defects in electrical conduits, hollowables, or pipes above the ground, using a transmission line wherein one of the lines is the conduit under test. A high-frequency AC generator is used to feed the transmission line and set up a standing wave thereon. The transmission line is terminated in a short circuit at the wall of a shielded room. One conduit carries an internal conductor therein, the conductor and conduit forming another transmission line terminated by its characteristic impedance at both ends.A field intensity meter is connected across the characteristic impedance within the shielded room. The location of the defect is determined by monitoring the magnitude of the induced signal on the conductor inside the conduit containing the defect as the applied frequency is increased from a predetermined low value to the frequency at which the first minimum occurs. A formula using this frequency is then employed to calculate the distance from one end of the transmission line to the defect location.

摘要翻译： 一种用于定位电气管道，中空电缆或地面上方的管道上的缺陷的方法和装置，使用传输线，其中一条管线是被测导管。 高频交流发电机用于馈送传输线并在其上建立驻波。 传输线在屏蔽室的墙壁处短路终止。 一个导管在其中承载内部导体，导体和导管形成由两端的特征阻抗端接的另一条传输线。 屏蔽室内的特征阻抗之间连接了场强计。 通过在施加的频率从预定的低值增加到发生第一最小的频率的同时监视包含缺陷的导管内的导体上的感应信号的大小来确定缺陷的位置。 然后使用该频率的公式来计算从传输线的一端到缺陷位置的距离。