公开(公告)号：US4445364A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-01

申请号：US340589

申请日：1982-01-19

申请人： Lorin R. Stieff ,  John C. Dempsey

发明人： Lorin R. Stieff ,  John C. Dempsey

IPC分类号： G01M3/20

CPC分类号： G01M3/20

摘要： Sources which emit tracer gas at a known constant rate are positioned throughout a building. Samples of air are collected in selected rooms with constant rate adsorbent samplers. Samplers are analyzed in a laboratory to determine the tracer gas concentration during the period sampled, which concentration is compared to the known volume of the building to determine air infiltration rates. The tracer gas emission rate is rendered independent of room temperature by allowing the gas to escape through specially designed orifices which automatically open and close in response to changes in temperature. In one design, an orifice is formed in a material which expands and contracts with variations in temperature surrounded by a second, less elastic material. In another design, the area of an orifice is changed by a needle valve imbedded in a material which expands and contracts with temperature variations to move the needle in and out of the orifice. In another design, a bimetallic coil is positioned in the bottom of a container for adjusting the length of tracer impregnated material projecting out of an opening in the container. In another design, a bimetallic coil slides a valve which opens and closes an orifice in response to temperature changes. In another design, the bimetallic coil in a circular thermometer is connected to a tracer impregnated wire extending through a rim of an enclosure to adjust the length of wire projecting out of the enclosure. An alternative temperature-independent device uses thermostatically controlled enclosures to maintain constant source temperature.

摘要翻译： 以已知的恒定速率发射示踪气体的源位于整个建筑物中。 空气样品采用恒速吸附剂采样器收集在选定的房间内。 在实验室中分析采样器以确定采样期间的示踪气体浓度，该浓度与建筑物的已知体积进行比较，以确定空气渗透率。 通过允许气体通过特殊设计的孔口而使得示踪气体排放速率与室温无关，该专门设计的孔口响应温度变化而自动打开和关闭。 在一种设计中，孔口形成为由第二弹性较差的材料包围的温度变化而膨胀和收缩的材料。 在另一种设计中，通过嵌入在材料中的针阀来改变孔口的区域，所述针阀膨胀并且随着温度变化而收缩，从而使针头进出孔。 在另一种设计中，双金属线圈位于容器的底部，用于调节从容器中的开口突出的示踪剂浸渍材料的长度。 在另一种设计中，双金属线圈滑动响应于温度变化而打开和关闭孔口的阀。 在另一种设计中，圆形温度计中的双金属线圈连接到延伸穿过外壳边缘的示踪剂浸渍线，以调整从外壳伸出的线的长度。 另一种与温度无关的设备使用恒温控制的外壳来保持源温度恒定。

公开(公告)号：US07312439B1

公开(公告)日：2007-12-25

申请号：US10919526

申请日：2004-08-17

申请人： Payasada Kotrappa ,  Lorin R. Stieff ,  John C. Dempsey

发明人： Payasada Kotrappa ,  Lorin R. Stieff ,  John C. Dempsey

IPC分类号： G01V5/00

CPC分类号： G01T1/178 ,  G01T1/14 ,  Y10S250/02

摘要： A new type of radon progeny monitor called an electret radon progeny integrating sampling unit (E-RPISU) using an electret ion chamber to measure radon progeny concentration. A conventional 1 LPM particulate air sampling system is used to collect the radon progeny on a roughly 3.5 cm2 filter that is mounted on a side of an electret ion chamber such that the collected progeny are exposed to the inside of the chamber. Alpha radiation emitted by the progeny collected on the filter ionizes the air in the approximately 220 ml chamber. Ions of opposite polarity collect on the surface of the electret of suitable thickness and reduce its surface voltage. A specially built surface voltmeter is used to measure the electret voltage before and after sampling. The electret voltage drop that occurs during the sampling period is proportional to the time integrated progeny concentration. A similar unit with a screen in the place of filter is used to measure unattached progeny concentration. Another similar unit without filter is used to provide background response to compute net progeny concentration and also to compute radon concentration.

摘要翻译： 一种新型的氡子代监测器，称为驻极体氡子代后处理采集单元（E-RPISU），使用驻极体离子室测量氡后代浓度。 传统的1 LPM颗粒空气采样系统用于收集安装在驻极体离子室一侧的大约3.5cm 2的过滤器上的氡子代，使得所收集的后代暴露于内部 的房间。 收集在过滤器上的子代发射的α辐射使大约220ml的室中的空气离子化。 相反极性的离子聚集在适当厚度的驻极体的表面上并降低其表面电压。 采用特制的表面电压表测量取样前后的驻极体电压。 在采样期间发生的驻极体电压降与时间积分子代浓度成正比。 使用具有过滤器位置的屏幕的类似单元来测量未附着的子代浓度。 另一个没有过滤器的类似单位用于提供背景响应，以计算净后代浓度，并计算氡浓度。

公开(公告)号：US5126567A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-30

申请号：US670781

申请日：1991-03-19

申请人： John C. Dempsey ,  Lorin R. Stieff

发明人： John C. Dempsey ,  Lorin R. Stieff

IPC分类号： G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/02

CPC分类号： H01J47/026 ,  G01T1/185

摘要： A small enclosed ion chamber with an electrostatically charged electret attached to the inner chamber wall. Filtered holes in the chamber permits radon in the ambient air in the chamber to enter or exit by diffusion. Positive or negative ions (depending on the polarity of the electret charge) formed in the chamber air by the passing of gamma radiation or X-rays move to and collect on the electret surface by virtue of its electrostatic attraction to ions of opposite polarity. These ions neutralize the ions of opposite polarity on the electret and cause a measurable reduction in its surface voltage which reduction is proportional to the dose of gamma and/or X-ray incidence on the chamber. The reduction of the electret surface voltage is used to calculate the dose of gamma or X-ray radiation incident upon the chamber during a known exposure period. In one embodiment, a sealed radioactive-gas-tight flexible-wall container, such as a bag, surrounds the chamber to prevent any ambient radon from entering the ion chamber. In addition, an absorbent such as activated charcoal can be included in the bag to remove any radon captured within the sealed chamber. Removal of this radon removes its undesirable contribution to the gamma/X-ray dose signal and thereby enhances the accuracy of the monitor.

摘要翻译： 一个带有静电荷驻极体的小型封闭式离子室，附着在内腔壁上。 腔室中的过滤孔允许腔室中的环境空气中的氡气通过扩散进入或离开。 通过伽马辐射或X射线通过在腔室空气中形成的正离子（或取决于驻极体电荷的极性）通过静电对相反极性的离子的吸引而移动并收集在驻极体表面上。 这些离子中和驻极体上相反极性的离子，并导致其表面电压的可测量的降低，该减小与室上的γ和/或X射线入射剂量成比例。 驻极体表面电压的降低用于计算在已知曝光期间入射到腔室上的伽马或X射线辐射的剂量。 在一个实施例中，密封的放射性气密的柔性壁容器（例如袋）围绕室，以防止任何环境氡进入离子室。 此外，袋中可以包括吸收剂如活性炭以除去在密封室内捕获的任何氡。 去除这种氡消除了对伽马/ X射线剂量信号的不利影响，从而提高了监视器的精度。

公开(公告)号：US4926053A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-15

申请号：US289438

申请日：1988-12-23

申请人： John C. Dempsey ,  Lorin R. Stieff

发明人： John C. Dempsey ,  Lorin R. Stieff

IPC分类号： G01T1/14

CPC分类号： G01T1/14 ,  Y10S250/02

摘要： A sensitive radon monitor has a container with a flat bottom and an upwardly and outwardly extending truncated conical side wall terminating upwardly in a relatively large upper edge. A cover overlies the upper edge. The cover has a disk-shaped plate with holes in a circular arrangement. A filter is placed atop the disk and a retainer ring overlies a peripheral portion of the filter and the disk. A negatively charged electret is held against an underside of a central position on the disk, and a detector is held upward against the electret. A second positively charged electret lines the inside of the cup-shaped base. Ambient gases flow into and out of the container through the filter and through the holes in the cover disk. The filter removes liquid and solid particles flowing through the opening establish an equilibrium. Radon decays within the chamber and positively charged products of the decay are attracted and repelled toward the first electret and toward the detector. The positively charged particles are held on the detector while they decay. Later, the detector is removed and is studied for evidence of decay of charged particles repelled toward, attracted to and held on the detector by the electret combination. The container is portable and can be used as a badge for miners or as a radon detecting device in buildings.

摘要翻译： 灵敏的氡气监测器具有一个容器，它具有一个平坦的底部，一个向上和向外延伸的截锥形侧壁在一个相对较大的上边缘处向上终止。 盖子覆盖上边缘。 该盖具有圆形盘形板，该盘具有圆形排列的孔。 过滤器放置在盘的顶部，并且保持环覆盖在过滤器的周边部分和盘上。 负电荷的驻极体抵靠在盘上的中心位置的下侧，并且检测器向上保持抵靠驻极体。 第二个带正电荷的驻极体将杯形基底的内部排列。 环境气体通过过滤器和盖盘中的孔流入和流出容器。 过滤器去除流过开口的液体和固体颗粒建立平衡。 氡在室内衰变，并且衰变的带正电荷的产物被吸引并排斥到第一驻极体并朝向检测器。 带正电的颗粒在它们衰变时保持在检测器上。 之后，检测器被去除并被研究以证明随着驻极体组合而被排斥到被吸引和保持在检测器上的带电粒子的衰变。 容器是便携式的，并且可以用作矿工的徽章或作为建筑物中的氡检测装置。

公开(公告)号：US5008540A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-16

申请号：US387497

申请日：1989-07-31

申请人： John C. Dempsey

发明人： John C. Dempsey

IPC分类号： G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/02

CPC分类号： G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/026

摘要： A small enclosed ion chamber with an electrostatically charged electret attached to the inner chamber wall. Positive or negative ions (depending on the polarity of the electret charge) formed in the chamber air by the passing of gamma radiation or X-rays move to and collect on the electret surface by virtue of its electrostatic attraction to ions of opposite polarity. These ions neutralize the ions of opposite polarity on the electret and cause a measurable reduction in its surface voltage which reduction is proportional to the dose of gamma and/or X-ray incidence on the chamber. The reduction of the electret surface voltage is used to calculate the dose of gamma or X-ray radiation incident upon the chamber during a known exposure period. In the preferred embodiment, filtered holes in the chamber permit radon to diffuse out of the ion chamber. A sealed outer container containing an absorbent such as activated charcoal surrounds the inner ion chamber to remove any radon captured within the container and to prevent any ambient radon from entering the ion chamber. Removal of this radon removes its undesirable contribution to the gamma/X-ray dose signal and thereby enhances the accuracy of the monitor.

摘要翻译： 一个带有静电荷驻极体的小型封闭式离子室，附着在内腔壁上。 通过伽马辐射或X射线通过在腔室空气中形成的正离子（或取决于驻极体电荷的极性）通过静电对相反极性的离子的吸引而移动并收集在驻极体表面上。 这些离子中和驻极体上相反极性的离子，并导致其表面电压的可测量的降低，该减小与室上的γ和/或X射线入射剂量成比例。 驻极体表面电压的降低用于计算在已知曝光期间入射到腔室上的伽马或X射线辐射的剂量。 在优选实施例中，腔室中的过滤孔允许氡扩散离开离子室。 容纳诸如活性炭的吸收剂的密封外容器围绕内离子室以去除捕获在容器内的任何氡并防止任何环境氡进入离子室。 去除这种氡消除了对伽马/ X射线剂量信号的不利影响，从而提高了监视器的精度。

公开(公告)号：US4814608A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-21

申请号：US936239

申请日：1986-12-01

申请人： John C. Dempsey ,  Payasada Kotrappa

发明人： John C. Dempsey ,  Payasada Kotrappa

IPC分类号： G01T1/14 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01T1/00

CPC分类号： G01T1/14 ,  Y10S250/02

摘要： Radioactive gas, particularly radon, is measured in the subsoil environment by electrostatically charging one or two electrets and placing the electret(s) within a chamber having openings protected by a filter which permits gas to flow through the openings while preventing particles from flowing through the openings. The chamber with the electrostatically charged electret(s) and the detector is placed in a receiver formed within the hollow wall of an elongated probe. Foam cushions surround the chamber and assist in the filtering. An open material, such as steel wool, holds the foam in place and the next lower section of the probe holds the steel wool in place. When sampling is done at only one level, the next lower section is the soil moving nose of the probe. Holes in the side wall near the nose admit subsoil gas into the receiver. When it is desired to sample radioactive gas at several levels, additional sections of the probe have receivers for holding additional chambers and openings near the bottom of each section admit gas into the receivers. After leaving the probe in the soil for a predetermined period, the probe is removed and disassembled. The chamber is removed from the receiver and the surface charge on the detector is measured. Changes in the surface charge are compared with known relations between changes in surface in radioactive decay in the chamber to give amount of radioactive gas that has decayed in the chamber.

摘要翻译： 放射性气体，特别是氡气，在地下环境中通过静电充电一或两个驻极体并将驻极体放置在具有由过滤器保护的开口的室中，其允许气体流过开口，同时防止颗粒流过 开口 具有静电荷的驻极体和检测器的室被放置在形成在细长探针的中空壁内的接收器中。 泡沫垫围绕室并协助进行过滤。 诸如钢丝绒的开放材料将泡沫保持在适当位置，探针的下一个下部将钢丝绒固定在适当位置。 当仅在一个级别进行采样时，下一个下部是探头的土壤移动的鼻子。 在鼻子附近的侧壁上的孔允许底土气体进入接收器。 当需要以几个等级对放射性气体进行采样时，探头的附加部分具有接收器，用于在每个部分的底部附近保持附加的室和开口，以允许气体进入接收器。 将探头放置在土壤中一段预定的时间后，将探头取出并拆卸。 将室从接收器中取出，并测量检测器上的表面电荷。 将表面电荷的变化与室内放射性衰变中表面变化之间的已知关系进行比较，以给出在室中已经衰变的放射性气体的量。

公开(公告)号：US4853536A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-01

申请号：US936240

申请日：1986-12-01

申请人： John C. Dempsey ,  Payasada Kotrappa

发明人： John C. Dempsey ,  Payasada Kotrappa

IPC分类号： G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/02

CPC分类号： H01J47/026 ,  G01T1/185 ,  Y10S250/02

摘要： A small enclosed chamber with an electrostatically charged electret attached to the inner chamber wall. A filtered hole in the chamber permits radon or other radioactive gas to enter by diffusion. Positive or negative ions (depending on the polarity of the electret charge) formed in the chamber air by the decay of the radioactive gas move to and collect on the electret surface by virtue of its electrostatic attraction to ions of opposite polarity. These ions accumulate and cause a measurable reduction in the surface voltage of the electret which reduction is proportional to the time integrated concentration of the radioactive gas in the chamber. The electret surface voltage of the reduction value is used to calculate the average concentration of the radioactive gas during the exposure period. The electret thickness and chamber volume can both be increased to increase the sensitivity of the invention to radioactive gases such as radon, tritium or carbon-14 dioxide or such other radioactive gases.

摘要翻译： 一个带有静电荷的驻极体的小封闭腔室，连接到内腔壁。 腔室中的过滤孔允许氡气或其他放射性气体通过扩散进入。 通过放射性气体的衰减在腔室空气中形成的正离子（或负极离子（取决于驻极体电荷的极性））由于其对相反极性的离子的静电吸引而移动并收集在驻极体表面上。 这些离子累积并导致驻极体的表面电压的可测量的降低，其减小与室中的放射性气体的时间积分浓度成比例。 减少值的驻极体表面电压用于计算曝光期间放射性气体的平均浓度。 两者都可以增加驻极体厚度和室体积，以增加本发明对放射性气体如氡，氚或二氧化碳或其他放射性气体的敏感性。

公开(公告)号：US5104554A

公开(公告)日：1992-04-14

申请号：US627760

申请日：1990-12-14

申请人： John C. Dempsey

发明人： John C. Dempsey

IPC分类号： C02F1/20 ,  G21F9/06

CPC分类号： C02F1/20 ,  G21F9/06 ,  Y10S261/19

摘要： Substantially the last traces of radon are removed from typical well water at subterranean temperatures prior to significant pressurization of the water by displacement of the radon by a stream of compressed air, such radon mixing with the air vented from the system. Other objectionable gases in well water are removed concurrently with radon.

摘要翻译： 在通过压缩空气流排出氡气的显着加压之前，基本上从地下温度的典型井水中除去最后痕迹的氡气，这种氡气与从系统排出的空气混合。 井中的其他令人反感的气体与氡同时被去除。

公开(公告)号：US4493207A

公开(公告)日：1985-01-15

申请号：US340620

申请日：1982-01-19

申请人： John C. Dempsey

发明人： John C. Dempsey

IPC分类号： G01M3/22 ,  G01M3/20

CPC分类号： G01M3/226

摘要： Tracer emission sources which emit tracer gas at a predetermined constant known rate are distributed throughout a building. The preferred source is a small vessel containing a vaporous perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) substance having a very small bore hole in the top through which the PFT vapor can escape. Time is permitted for the tracer gas to mix uniformly throughout the building and for its concentration to equilibrate with infiltrating air. The concentration of the tracer is then measured and compared to the known volume of air in the building to determine the infiltration rate. In the preferred mode, the concentration is integrated and measured by continuously sampling the tracer gas at a constant rate on activated charcoal adsorbent over a period of several weeks. The amount of tracer substance accumulated on the adsorbent at the end of the test is directly related to the average tracer gas concentration which existed in the building during the sampling period and it can therefore be used to calculate an average infiltration rate during that period.

摘要翻译： 以预定的常规已知速率发射示踪气体的示踪剂排放源分布在整个建筑物内。 优选的来源是含有蒸气全氟碳示踪剂（PFT）物质的小容器，其在顶部具有非常小的孔，PFT蒸汽可以通过该孔泄漏。 允许时间允许示踪气体在整个建筑物中均匀混合，并且其浓度与渗透空气平衡。 然后测量示踪剂的浓度并与建筑物中已知体积的空气进行比较以确定渗透速率。 在优选的模式中，通过在几周的时间内在活性炭吸附剂上以恒定速率连续取样示踪气体来集成和测量浓度。 在试验结束时，吸附剂上积累的示踪物质的量与采样期间建筑物中存在的平均示踪气体浓度直接相关，因此可用于计算该期间的平均渗透率。

公开(公告)号：US3991680A

公开(公告)日：1976-11-16

申请号：US577822

申请日：1975-05-15

申请人： Russell N. Dietz ,  Edgar A. Cote ,  William Vogel ,  John C. Dempsey

发明人： Russell N. Dietz ,  Edgar A. Cote ,  William Vogel ,  John C. Dempsey

IPC分类号： F42B3/103 ,  F42D5/02 ,  F42C19/12

CPC分类号： F42D5/02 ,  F42B3/103 ,  F42B35/00 ,  Y10S149/123

摘要： Method and apparatus for tagging explosives with a source of SF.sub.6 permitting the detection of their presence utilizing sensitive sniffing apparatus.