公开(公告)号：US4377751A

公开(公告)日：1983-03-22

申请号：US267312

申请日：1981-05-28

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  Harry Levine ,  William L. McLaughlin ,  Carl R. Siebentritt

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  Harry Levine ,  William L. McLaughlin ,  Carl R. Siebentritt

IPC分类号： G01T1/04 ,  G01N5/00

CPC分类号： G01T1/04

摘要： An optical waveguide dosimeter for personnel dosimetry is provided including a liquid solution of leuko dye hermetically sealed in plastic tubing. Optical transport is improved by dipping the ends of the plastic tubing into clear epoxy, thus forming beads that serve as optical lenses. A layer of clear ultraviolet absorbing varnish coated on these beads and an opaque outer layer over the plastic tubing provides protection against ambient UV.

摘要翻译： 提供用于人员剂量学的光波导剂量计，其包括用塑料管气密密封的白细胞染料的液体溶液。 通过将塑料管的端部浸入透明的环氧树脂中，从而形成用作光学透镜的珠粒，从而改善光学传输。 涂覆在这些珠上的透明紫外线吸收清漆层和塑料管上的不透明外层提供防止环境UV的保护。

公开(公告)号：US4489240A

公开(公告)日：1984-12-18

申请号：US441718

申请日：1982-11-15

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  William L. McLaughlin ,  Carl R. Siebentritt

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  William L. McLaughlin ,  Carl R. Siebentritt

IPC分类号： G01T1/06 ,  G01T1/00

CPC分类号： G01T1/06

摘要： A radiochromic leuko dye dosimeter includes a plastic tube containing a solution of a radiochromic dye which is sensitive to ionizing radiation, one end of the tube being closed by a reflective surface, the opposite end of the tube being closed by a transparent plug to form a one-way optical waveguide. Light enters the tube through the transparent end thereof and is reflected back and exits through the transparent end. The intensity of the exiting light is measured to determine radiation induced absorption of the leuko dye.

摘要翻译： 放射性染色白细胞染料剂量计包括含有对电离辐射敏感的放射性色素染料溶液的塑料管，管的一端由反射表面封闭，管的相对端由透明塞封闭以形成 单向光波导。 光通过其透明端进入管并被反射回并通过透明端离开。 测量出射光的强度以确定白细胞染料的辐射诱导吸收。

公开(公告)号：US4281250A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-28

申请号：US109598

申请日：1980-01-04

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  Carl R. Siebentritt ,  Harry Van Gorden

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  Carl R. Siebentritt ,  Harry Van Gorden

IPC分类号： G01T1/18 ,  H01J39/29 ,  H01J39/30

CPC分类号： G01T1/18

摘要： A combined dose rate meter and charger unit therefor which does not requirehe use of batteries but on the other hand produces a charging potential by means of a piezoelectric cylinder which is struck by a manually triggered hammer mechanism. A tubular type electrometer is mounted in a portable housing which additionally includes a Geiger-Muller (GM) counter tube and electronic circuitry coupled to the electrometer for providing multi-mode operation. In one mode of operation, an RC circuit of predetermined time constant is connected to a storage capacitor which serves as a timed power source for the GM tube, providing a measurement in terms of dose rate which is indicated by the electrometer. In another mode, the electrometer indicates individual counts.

摘要翻译： 一种不需要使用电池的组合剂量率计和充电器单元，另一方面通过由手动触发的锤击机构撞击的压电圆筒产生充电电位。 管状型静电计安装在便携式外壳中，该便携式外壳还包括Geiger-Muller（GM）计数器管和耦合到静电计的电子电路，用于提供多模式操作。 在一种操作模式中，将预定时间常数的RC电路连接到作为GM管的定时电源的存储电容器，提供由静电计量表示的剂量率的测量。 在另一种模式下，静电计显示单个计数。

公开(公告)号：US4631414A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-23

申请号：US778120

申请日：1985-09-20

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  William L. McLaughlin ,  Carl R. Seibentritt, Jr.

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  William L. McLaughlin ,  Carl R. Seibentritt, Jr.

IPC分类号： G01T1/04 ,  G01T1/20 ,  G01T1/02

CPC分类号： G01T1/04 ,  G01T1/2002

摘要： A radiological measuring instrument including an angularly variable radiation sensitive structure comprised of two blocks of material having a different index of refraction with one of the materials comprising a radiochromic substance whose refractive index changes through anomolous dispersion as a result of being exposed to radiation. The ratio of the two indices of refraction is selected to be close to unity, with the radiation sensitive structure being pivotally adjusted so that light is directed into one end of the block comprising a material having the greater index of refraction. This element, moreover, is selected to be clear and transparent with the incident angle being close to the critical angle where total reflection of all incident light occurs. A portion of the incident light is furthermore projected through the clear transparent block without reflection, with the two beams emerging from the other end of the block, where they are detected. Exposure to radiation changes the index of refraction of the radiochromic block and accordingly the reflected energy emerging therefrom. Calibrated readjustment of the angle of incidence provides a measure of the sensed radiation.

摘要翻译： 一种放射性测量仪器，包括角度可变的辐射敏感结构，其包括具有不同折射率的两块材料，其中一种材料包括由于暴露于辐射而导致其折射率通过异味色散而变化的放射性色素物质。 选择两个折射率的比率接近于单位，其中辐射敏感结构被枢转调节，使得光被引导到包含具有较大折射率的材料的块的一端。 此外，该元件选择为透明且入射角接近所有入射光全反射的临界角。 入射光的一部分进一步通过透明透明块而不反射地突出，两个光束从块的另一端射出，在那里被检测。 暴露于辐射会改变放射性色素块的折射率，从而改变由此产生的反射能量。 入射角的校准调整提供了感测辐射的测量。

公开(公告)号：US06625243B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-23

申请号：US10229201

申请日：2002-08-27

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

IPC分类号： G21H100

CPC分类号： G01T3/08

摘要： A neutron spectrometer for aircraft is provided by a series of substrates covered by a solid-state detector stacked on an absorbing layer. As many as 12 substrates that convert neutrons to protons are covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector placed within the layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer. By using 12 detectors the range of neutron energies are covered. The preferred dodecahedron embodiment of the neutron spectrometer is a solid, polyethylene dodecahedron assembly with 12 surface facets covered by a solid-state detector stacked on an absorbing layer composed of aluminum. Each absorbing layer is constructed with a different thickness according to the minimum and maximum energies of neutrons in the spectrum. In this arrangement, each of the 12 surface pentagon-shaped facets provides a polyethylene substrate to convert neutrons to protons, covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector stacked on the absorbing layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer. The dodecahedron assembly is housed concentrically within a titanium spherical shell that serves as an outer shield. The dodecahedron embodiment is sufficiently lightweight to be suitable for

摘要翻译： 用于飞机的中子谱仪由堆叠在吸收层上的固态检测器覆盖的一系列基底提供。 多达12个将中子转化为质子的基底被一层吸收材料覆盖，作为质子吸收剂，探测器放置在该层内，以计算通过吸收层的质子。 通过使用12个探测器，覆盖了中子能量范围。 中子谱仪的优选十二面体实施例是固体的聚乙烯十二面体组件，其具有由固体状态检测器覆盖的12个表面面，该固体检测器堆叠在由铝构成的吸收层上。 每个吸收层根据光谱中的中子的最小和最大能量构造不同的厚度。 在这种布置中，12个表面五边形面中的每一个提供聚乙烯基底，以将中子转换成质子，由一层吸收材料覆盖，作为质子吸收体，检测器堆叠在吸收层上，以计数通过的质子 吸收层。 十二面体组件同心地容纳在用作外护罩的钛球壳内。 十二面体实施例足够轻巧以适合

公开(公告)号：US6100530A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-08

申请号：US207897

申请日：1998-11-23

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

IPC分类号： G01T1/29 ,  G01V5/06 ,  G01T1/18

CPC分类号： G01V5/06 ,  G01T1/2914

摘要： An angular time-synchronized directional radiation sensor is provided to indicate the direction, or distribution of directions, of incident gamma radiation, and consequently, to locate sources of radioactivity emitting these photons. The angular time-synchronized directional radiation sensor comprises a rotating radiation sensing means, interacting with the incident radiation to produce light flashes, together with a stationary photomultiplier tube that converts the light flashes to electrical pulses that are counted by a data collection means. A synchronous motor enables the radiation sensing means to complete a 360.degree. scan within 1 second to reduce the time needed for measuring from hours to only a few minutes. The data collection means calculates an angle of rotation at a corresponding fraction of the 360.degree. scan to rapidly indicate the direction of a radiation source. In one embodiment, the data collection means is a computer. The radiation sensing means can be a scintillator assembly.

摘要翻译： 提供角度时间同步的定向辐射传感器以指示入射的伽马辐射的方向或方向的分布，并且因此定位发射这些光子的放射性源。 角度时间同步的定向辐射传感器包括旋转的辐射感测装置，与入射的辐射相互作用以产生闪光，以及固定的光电倍增管，其将闪光转换成由数据采集装置计数的电脉冲。 同步电机使辐射检测装置能够在1秒内完成360度扫描，以减少从数小时到仅数分钟的测量所需的时间。 数据采集​​装置计算在360度扫描的相应部分的旋转角度，以快速指示辐射源的方向。 在一个实施例中，数据收集装置是计算机。 辐射感测装置可以是闪烁体组件。

公开(公告)号：US5120969A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-09

申请号：US751378

申请日：1991-08-26

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg

IPC分类号： G01T1/06

CPC分类号： G01T1/06

摘要： A radiochromic dosimeter for use as a tactical or like dosimeter for measuring absorbed ionizing, radiation dose of relatively high range. This dosimeter includes an outer barrel, a first ultraviolet light opaque, ionizing radiation transparent tube, a liquid solution of leuko dye disposed in the first tube, a second ultraviolet light opaque, ionizing radiation transparent tube, a liquid solvent disposed in the second tube, the tubes having end sealing beads, the outer barrel having end tube supports, a filter disposed next to output ends of the tubes, a lens disposed next to the filter for viewing filtered light circles, and a light adjuster for controlling light amount passing into the second tube input end.

摘要翻译： 用作测量吸收电离，相对较高范围的辐射剂量的战术或类似剂量计的放射性色素剂量计。 该剂量计包括外筒，第一紫外线不透明，电离辐射透明管，设置在第一管中的白细胞染料的液体溶液，第二紫外线不透明，电离辐射透明管，设置在第二管中的液体溶剂， 所述管具有端部密封珠，所述外筒具有端部管支撑件，邻近所述管的输出端设置的过滤器，邻近所述过滤器设置的用于观察过滤光圈的透镜;以及光调节器，用于控制进入 第二管输入端。

公开(公告)号：US06678343B1

公开(公告)日：2004-01-13

申请号：US10189880

申请日：2002-07-02

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

IPC分类号： G01T300

CPC分类号： G01T3/08

摘要： A neutron spectrometer is provided by a series of substrates covered by a solid-state detector stacked on an absorbing layer. As many as 12 substrates that convert neutrons to protons are covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector placed within the layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer. By using 12 detectors the range of neutron energies are covered. The flat embodiment of the neutron spectrometer is a chamber, a group of detectors each having an absorber layer, with each detector separated by gaps and arranged in an egg-crate-like structure within the chamber. Each absorber layer is constructed with a different thickness according to the minimum and maximum energies of neutrons in the spectrum. In this arrangement, each of the 12 surface facets provides a polyethylene substrate to convert neutrons to protons, covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector stacked on the absorbing layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer.

公开(公告)号：US06346709B1

公开(公告)日：2002-02-12

申请号：US09516083

申请日：2000-03-01

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker ,  Steven A. Horne

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker ,  Steven A. Horne

IPC分类号： H01J4708

CPC分类号： G01T1/142

摘要： A low cost and simple technique for measurement of radioactive contaminants in the air, soil, or in buildings is provided. The alpha, beta gamma radiation monitor comprises a thin window and two more removable radiation windows on top of a pancake-shaped conductive plastic chamber, with a microscope and a carbon fiber electrometer within the chamber protruding through the chamber's side wall, and the microscope and electrometer opposing each other. Within the chamber the microscope is optically focused on the electrometer fiber. Three radiation windows are provided: one admits alpha particles, beta particles and gamma radiation to the chamber, another admits beta particles and gamma radiation, and a third one admits only gamma radiation. Thus one can measure or observe alpha, beta, and gamma radiation, beta and gamma radiation, or only gamma radiation. The present invention's configuration allows the concentration of each type of radiation to be independently determined. The radiation that penetrates one of the radiation windows generates an ionization charge within the chamber that causes a carbon fiber image to move along a scale within the microscope as a function of time to produce the desired reading. In the case of airborne alpha emitting contaminants either the concentration of alpha particles or the total alpha energy of the emission can be measured.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于测量空气，土壤或建筑物中的放射性污染物的低成本和简单的技术。 α，β伽马辐射监测器包括薄的窗口和两个更可移除的辐射窗口，位于饼状导电塑料室的顶部，显微镜和腔室内的碳纤维静电计数器突出穿过室的侧壁，显微镜和 静电计彼此相对。 在室内，显微镜被光学聚焦在静电计量纤维上。 提供三个辐射窗口：一个允许α粒子，β粒子和γ辐射到腔室，另一个允许β粒子和γ射线，另外一个允许只有伽马射线。 因此，可以测量或观察α，β和γ辐射，β和γ辐射，或者仅测量γ辐射。 本发明的结构允许各种类型的辐射的浓度被独立地确定。 穿透辐射窗口之一的辐射在腔室内产生电离电荷，导致碳纤维图像作为时间的函数沿着显微镜内的刻度移动以产生期望的读数。 在机载α发射污染物的情况下，可以测量α粒子的浓度或发射的总α能量。

公开(公告)号：US5703370A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-30

申请号：US816821

申请日：1997-03-18

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

IPC分类号： G01T1/14 ,  G01T1/185 ,  G01T1/02

CPC分类号： G01T1/14 ,  G01T1/185

摘要： A sensor from a carbon fiber, self-reading electrometer type of dosimeter made with a radically modified ionization chamber in order to determine the angular differential dose of ionizing radiation. The chamber is flat and its size is increased so that it is operable from intensities of 100 nGy(T) h.sup.-1 to 10.sup.4 Gy(T) h.sup.-1. This performance range can be accomplished by the addition of capacitors to reduce the dosimeter's basic sensitivity. The capacitors should be connected in parallel between the electrometer assembly and ground. Additionally, the ionization chamber is lined, or in effect "sandwiched," between a low atomic number "low Z" material and a high atomic number "high Z" material. In one embodiment, a hermetically sealed plastic housing is lined on one surface with a lead (Pb) plate and the remainder of the housing is painted on the inside except the side with the lead plate) with a carbon paint. In so modifying the chamber, there will be a difference in the ionization effect coming from the lead side than from the low Z material side. By this difference in signal, one can determine the angular differential dose of radiation.

摘要翻译： 使用自动修正电离室制作碳纤维传感器，自读式静电计型剂量计，以确定电离辐射的角度差分剂量。 室是平坦的，其尺寸增加，使得其可以从100nGy（T）h-1到104Gy（T）h-1的强度操作。 该性能范围可以通过添加电容器来实现，以减少剂量计的基本灵敏度。 电容器应在静电计组件和地之间并联连接。 此外，电离室在低原子序数“低Z”材料和高原子序数“高Z”材料之间衬里或实际上“夹在”之间。 在一个实施例中，气密密封的塑料壳体在一个表面上带有铅（Pb）板，并且壳体的其余部分被涂覆在具有碳涂料的除了铅板的一侧之外的内部）。 在改变腔室时，从引线侧的离子化效应与低Z材料侧的电离效应将存在差异。 通过信号差异，可以确定辐射的角度差分剂量。