公开(公告)号：US07567734B2

公开(公告)日：2009-07-28

申请号：US12222392

申请日：2008-08-08

申请人： Xiaoli Dai ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Chantal Blanchetiere ,  Claire Callender ,  Huimin Ding ,  Ping Lu ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Gino Cuglietta

发明人： Xiaoli Dai ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Chantal Blanchetiere ,  Claire Callender ,  Huimin Ding ,  Ping Lu ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Gino Cuglietta

IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/26

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133 ,  G01N2021/458 ,  G02B2006/12107

摘要： An optical sensor for sensing information relating to an analyte liquid or gas, has a a planar substrate having a refractive index nc. The planar substrate supports a ridge waveguide having an unclad top portion having a refractive index nr. The substrate serves as cladding layer for the ridge waveguide at a location where the ridge waveguide contacts the substrate. A Bragg grating inscribed in the ridge waveguide has two modes for providing information relating to both temperature and refractive index of the surrounding analyte liquid or gas. A cladding mode has a different response to the analyte when compared to a Bragg resonance response. Both modes have a same reaction to temperature, wherein said Bragg grating is formed within the unclad region of ridge waveguide, wherein nc.

摘要翻译： 用于感测与分析物液体或气体有关的信息的光学传感器具有折射率nc的平面基板。 平面基板支撑具有折射率nr的未包层顶部的脊波导。 衬底用作脊波导在脊波导接触衬底的位置处的包覆层。 刻在脊波导中的布拉格光栅具有两种模式，用于提供与周围分析物液体或气体的温度和折射率相关的信息。 当与布拉格共振响应相比时，包层模式对分析物具有不同的响应。 两种模式对温度具有相同的反应，其中所述布拉格光栅形成在脊波导的未包围区域内，其中nc < 有利的是，可以仅使用单个布拉格光栅来感测多个参数。

公开(公告)号：US20080310789A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-18

申请号：US12169920

申请日：2008-07-09

申请人： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Huimin Ding ,  Gino Cuglietta

发明人： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Huimin Ding ,  Gino Cuglietta

IPC分类号： G02B6/028 ,  G02F1/295

CPC分类号： G02B6/13 ,  G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/02138

摘要： A method of inducing birefringence in an optical waveguide is disclosed wherein the waveguide cladding is irradiated with energy of a sufficient intensity so as to induce a stress in the optical waveguide so as to cause a multitude of spaced stress induced regions within the cladding of the optical waveguide such that there are 10 to 5000 spaced regions per mm and wherein the stress induced regions are proximate the core greater than 2 microns distance from the core-cladding interface. This waveguide has numerous uses, for example a fiber sensor.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种在光波导中引发双折射的方法，其中用足够强度的能量照射波导包层，以便在光波导中引起应力，从而在光学器件的包层内产生多个间隔开的应力感应区域 波导，使得每mm具有10至5000个间隔的区域，并且其中应力诱导区域距核心 - 包层界面的距离大于2微米的核心附近。 该波导具有许多用途，例如光纤传感器。

公开(公告)号：US20090041405A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-12

申请号：US12222392

申请日：2008-08-08

申请人： Xiaoli Dai ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Chantal Blanchetiere ,  Claire Callender ,  Huimin Ding ,  Ping Lu ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Gino Cuglietta

发明人： Xiaoli Dai ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Chantal Blanchetiere ,  Claire Callender ,  Huimin Ding ,  Ping Lu ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Gino Cuglietta

IPC分类号： G02B6/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133 ,  G01N2021/458 ,  G02B2006/12107

摘要： An optical sensor for sensing information relating to an analyte liquid or gas, has a a planar substrate having a refractive index nc. The planar substrate supports a ridge waveguide having an unclad top portion having a refractive index nr. The substrate serves as cladding layer for the ridge waveguide at a location where the ridge waveguide contacts the substrate. A Bragg grating inscribed in the ridge waveguide has two modes for providing information relating to both temperature and refractive index of the surrounding analyte liquid or gas. A cladding mode has a different response to the analyte when compared to a Bragg resonance response. Both modes have a same reaction to temperature, wherein said Bragg grating is formed within the unclad region of ridge waveguide, wherein nc

摘要翻译： 用于感测与分析物液体或气体有关的信息的光学传感器具有折射率nc的平面基板。 平面基板支撑具有折射率nr的未包层顶部的脊波导。 衬底用作脊波导在脊波导接触衬底的位置处的包覆层。 刻在脊形波导中的布拉格光栅具有两种模式，用于提供与周围分析物液体或气体的温度和折射率有关的信息。 当与布拉格共振响应相比时，包层模式对分析物具有不同的响应。 两种模式对温度具有相同的反应，其中所述布拉格光栅形成在脊波导的未包围区域内，其中nc

公开(公告)号：US20120324959A1

公开(公告)日：2012-12-27

申请号：US13592845

申请日：2012-08-23

申请人： Christopher W. Smelser ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Ping Lu ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Huimin Ding ,  Xiaoli Dai

发明人： Christopher W. Smelser ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Ping Lu ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Huimin Ding ,  Xiaoli Dai

IPC分类号： C03B37/01 ,  G02B6/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/13 ,  G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/02138

摘要： A method of producing a thermally stable grating allows the grating to be placed in environments where temperatures reach 1000° C. These gratings may be concatenated so as to form a sensor array. The method requires a step of lowering the characteristic intensity threshold of a waveguide by at least 25%, followed by irradiating the waveguide with femtosecond pulses of light having a sufficient intensity and for a sufficient duration to write the grating so that at least 60% of the grating remains after exposures of at least 10 hours at a temperature of at least 1000° C. Pre-writing a Type I grating before writing a minimal damage Type II grating lowers the characteristic threshold of the waveguide so that a stable low damage type II grating can be written; alternatively providing a hydrogen or deuterium loaded waveguide before writing the grating lowers the characteristic threshold of the waveguide.

摘要翻译： 制造热稳定光栅的方法允许将光栅置于温度达到1000℃的环境中。这些光栅可以被级联以便形成传感器阵列。 该方法需要将波导的特征强度阈值降低至少25％的步骤，随后用具有足够强度的飞秒脉冲照射波导并持续足够的持续时间来写入光栅，使得至少60％的 在至少1000℃的温度下，光栅保持至少10小时的曝光。在写入最小损伤II型光栅之前预写I型光栅降低了波导的特征阈值，使得稳定的低损伤II型 光栅可写; 或者在写入光栅之前提供加氢或氘负载的波导降低波导的特征阈值。

公开(公告)号：US07689087B2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-30

申请号：US12169920

申请日：2008-07-09

申请人： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Huimin Ding ,  Gino Cuglietta

发明人： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Huimin Ding ,  Gino Cuglietta

IPC分类号： G02B6/10

CPC分类号： G02B6/13 ,  G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/02138

摘要： A method of inducing birefringence in an optical waveguide is disclosed wherein the waveguide cladding is irradiated with energy of a sufficient intensity so as to induce a stress in the optical waveguide so as to cause a multitude of spaced stress induced regions within the cladding of the optical waveguide such that there are 10 to 5000 spaced regions per mm and wherein the stress induced regions are proximate the core greater than 2 microns distance from the core-cladding interface. This waveguide has numerous uses, for example a fiber sensor.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种在光波导中引发双折射的方法，其中用足够强度的能量照射波导包层，以便在光波导中引起应力，从而在光学器件的包层内产生多个间隔开的应力感应区域 波导，使得每mm具有10至5000个间隔的区域，并且其中应力诱导区域距核心 - 包层界面的距离大于2微米的核心附近。 该波导具有许多用途，例如光纤传感器。

公开(公告)号：US07483615B2

公开(公告)日：2009-01-27

申请号：US11678844

申请日：2007-02-26

申请人： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Huimin Ding ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Gino Cuglietta

发明人： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Huimin Ding ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Gino Cuglietta

IPC分类号： G02B6/032

CPC分类号： G02B6/02376 ,  C03B37/15 ,  C03C23/0025 ,  G02B6/02138 ,  G02B6/02147 ,  G02B6/02152 ,  G02B6/02385 ,  G02B6/2552

摘要： Fiber Bragg gratings were written in pure silica photonic crystal fibers and photonic crystal fiber tapers with 125 fs, 800 nm IR radiation. High reflectivites were achieved with short exposure times in the tapers. Both multimode and single mode grating reflections were achieved in the fiber tapers. By tapering the photonic crystal fibers scattering that would otherwise have occurred was lessened and light external to the fiber could reach the core effectively to write a grating.

摘要翻译： 光纤布拉格光栅是用纯硅石光子晶体光纤和光子晶体光纤锥度写成，具有125 fs，800 nm的红外辐射。 实现了高反射率，在锥度上的曝光时间短。 在光纤锥度中实现了多模和单模光栅反射。 通过使光子晶体光纤渐缩，否则将发生的散射减弱，并且纤维外部的光可以有效地到达核心以写入光栅。

公开(公告)号：US20070201802A1

公开(公告)日：2007-08-30

申请号：US11678844

申请日：2007-02-26

申请人： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Huimin Ding ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Gino Cuglietta

发明人： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Huimin Ding ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Ping Lu ,  Xiaoli Dai ,  Gino Cuglietta

IPC分类号： G02B6/02

CPC分类号： G02B6/02376 ,  C03B37/15 ,  C03C23/0025 ,  G02B6/02138 ,  G02B6/02147 ,  G02B6/02152 ,  G02B6/02385 ,  G02B6/2552

摘要： Fiber Bragg gratings were written in pure silica photonic crystal fibers and photonic crystal fiber tapers with 125 fs, 800 nm IR radiation. High reflectivites were achieved with short exposure times in the tapers. Both multimode and single mode grating reflections were achieved in the fiber tapers. By tapering the photonic crystal fibers scattering that would otherwise have occurred was lessened and light external to the fiber could reach the core effectively to write a grating.

摘要翻译： 光纤布拉格光栅是用纯硅石光子晶体光纤和光子晶体光纤锥度写成，具有125 fs，800 nm的红外辐射。 实现了高反射率，在锥度上的曝光时间短。 在光纤锥度中实现了多模和单模光栅反射。 通过使光子晶体光纤渐缩，否则将发生的散射减弱，并且纤维外部的光可以有效地到达核心以写入光栅。

公开(公告)号：US08402789B2

公开(公告)日：2013-03-26

申请号：US13592845

申请日：2012-08-23

申请人： Christopher W. Smelser ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Ping Lu ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Huimin Ding ,  Xiaoli Dai

发明人： Christopher W. Smelser ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Ping Lu ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Huimin Ding ,  Xiaoli Dai

IPC分类号： C03C25/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/13 ,  G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/02138

摘要： A method of producing a thermally stable grating allows the grating to be placed in environments where temperatures reach 1000° C. These gratings may be concatenated so as to form a sensor array. The method requires a step of lowering the characteristic intensity threshold of a waveguide by at least 25%, followed by irradiating the waveguide with femtosecond pulses of light having a sufficient intensity and for a sufficient duration to write the grating so that at least 60% of the grating remains after exposures of at least 10 hours at a temperature of at least 1000° C. Pre-writing a Type I grating before writing a minimal damage Type II grating lowers the characteristic threshold of the waveguide so that a stable low damage type II grating can be written; alternatively providing a hydrogen or deuterium loaded waveguide before writing the grating lowers the characteristic threshold of the waveguide.

摘要翻译： 制造热稳定光栅的方法允许将光栅置于温度达到1000℃的环境中。这些光栅可以被级联以便形成传感器阵列。 该方法需要将波导的特征强度阈值降低至少25％的步骤，随后用具有足够强度的飞秒脉冲照射波导并持续足够的持续时间来写入光栅，使得至少60％的 在至少1000℃的温度下，光栅保持至少10小时的曝光。在写入最小损伤II型光栅之前预写I型光栅降低了波导的特征阈值，使得稳定的低损伤II型 光栅可写; 或者在写入光栅之前提供加氢或氘负载的波导降低波导的特征阈值。

公开(公告)号：US07515792B2

公开(公告)日：2009-04-07

申请号：US11683070

申请日：2007-03-07

申请人： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Huimin Ding ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Xiaoli Dai

发明人： Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Christopher W. Smelser ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Ping Lu ,  Huimin Ding ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Xiaoli Dai

IPC分类号： G02B6/34

CPC分类号： G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/13

摘要： A method of increasing the refractive index in a photosensitive glass is disclosed so as to induce an refractive index change of at least 10−5 within a region of the glass. The method includes the step of providing a hydrogen or deuterium loaded doped glass material wherein a dopant within the glass is photosensitive to infrared radiation in the presence of hydrogen or deuterium. The hydrogen or deuterium loaded doped glass is subsequently irradiated with femtosecond pulses of infrared light having an intensity of at least 109 W/cm2 and less than 5×1013 W/cm2.

摘要翻译： 公开了增加感光玻璃中的折射率的方法，以便在玻璃的区域内引起至少10-5的折射率变化。 该方法包括提供氢或氘负载的掺杂玻璃材料的步骤，其中玻璃内的掺杂剂在氢或氘的存在下对红外辐射感光。 随后用强度为至少109W / cm 2且小于5×1013W / cm 2的红外光的飞秒脉冲照射加载氢或氘的掺杂玻璃。

公开(公告)号：US20090317928A1

公开(公告)日：2009-12-24

申请号：US12486796

申请日：2009-06-18

申请人： Christopher W. Smelser ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Ping Lu ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Haimin Ding ,  Xiaoli Dai

发明人： Christopher W. Smelser ,  Stephen J. Mihailov ,  Dan Grobnic ,  Ping Lu ,  Robert B. Walker ,  Gino Cuglietta ,  Haimin Ding ,  Xiaoli Dai

IPC分类号： H01L21/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/13 ,  G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/02138

摘要： A method of producing a thermally stable grating allows the grating to be placed in environments where temperatures reach 1000° C. and where the grating is relatively stable and has very low loss from scatter. These gratings have spectral characteristics that allow them to be concatenated so as to form a sensor array. The method requires a step of lowering the characteristic intensity threshold of a waveguide by at least 25%, followed by irradiating the waveguide with femtosecond pulses of light having a sufficient intensity and for a sufficient duration to write the grating so that at least 60% of the grating remains after exposures of at least 10 hours at a temperature of at least 1000° C. Pre-writing a Type I grating before writing a minimal damage Type II grating lowers the characteristic threshold of the waveguide so that a stable low damage type II grating can be written; alternatively providing a hydrogen or deuterium loaded waveguide before writing the grating lowers the characteristic threshold of the waveguide.

摘要翻译： 制造热稳定光栅的方法允许将光栅置于温度达到1000℃的环境中，并且其中光栅相对稳定并具有非常低的散射损失。 这些光栅具有允许它们被级联以形成传感器阵列的光谱特性。 该方法需要将波导的特征强度阈值降低至少25％的步骤，随后用具有足够强度的飞秒脉冲照射波导并持续足够的持续时间来写入光栅，使得至少60％的 在至少1000℃的温度下，光栅保持至少10小时的曝光。在写入最小损伤II型光栅之前预写I型光栅降低了波导的特征阈值，使得稳定的低损伤II型 光栅可写; 或者在写入光栅之前提供加氢或氘负载的波导降低波导的特征阈值。