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1.发明授权Method and apparatus for generating seismic impulses using high pressure water pump as the energizing source 失效使用高压水泵作为激励源产生地震脉冲的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4234052A
公开(公告)日：1980-11-18
申请号：US959562
申请日：1978-11-13
CPC分类号： G01V1/137
摘要： A powerful seismic impulse is generated in a body of water by a slug of water propelled from a seismic source by expanding pressurized gas, but the gas is retained in the source for use in subsequent firings. The seismic energy source, which is called a "hydro gun", is recharged by pumping an incompressible liquid, preferably, water, at high pressure into the gun to compress the retained pressurized gas. The hydro gun includes a firing cylinder, and a piston follower in the firing cylinder divides it into a liquid-charge chamber and a gas-propulsion chamber. The liquid-charge chamber is closed from liquid discharge ports by a shuttle which is held closed by the high pressure of gas in an operating chamber. By pumping an incompressible liquid into the liquid-charge chamber, the follower is forced to compress the pressurized gas which is trapped in the gas-propulsion chamber. Then, to trigger the source, the gas pressure in the operating chamber acting on a front surface of an operating piston of the shuttle is suddenly applied to the reverse surface of the operating piston. With the shuttle thus released, the compressed pressurized gas in the gas-propulsion chamber expands against the follower to propel the liquid in the liquid-charge chamber through the liquid discharge ports into the surrounding body of water for generating a powerful seismic impulse in the water.
摘要翻译： 通过膨胀加压气体从地震源推进的水流，在水体中产生强大的地震冲击，但是气体保留在源中以用于随后的发射。 称为“水枪”的地震能量源通过在高压下将不可压缩的液体，优选地将水泵送到喷枪中以压缩保留的加压气体来进行再充电。 喷枪包括一个发射缸，并且在燃烧缸中的一个活塞随动件将其分成液体充气室和气体推进室。 液体充注室通过在操作室中被气体高压保持关闭的梭子从液体排出口封闭。 通过将不可压缩的液体泵送到液体充注室中，迫使随动件压缩被捕获在气体推进室中的加压气体。 然后，为了触发源，作用于梭子的操作活塞的前表面的操作室中的气体压力突然施加到操作活塞的反面。 随着梭子因此释放，气体推进室中的压缩加压气体膨胀抵靠从动件，以将液体充注室中的液体通过液体排出口推进到周围的水体中，以在水中产生强大的地震冲击 。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4858718A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-22
申请号：US38327
申请日：1987-04-14
CPC分类号： E21B47/011 , G01V1/46 , G10K11/16 , Y10S367/911
摘要： An inflatable attenuator having an inflatable resilient bladder enclosed by a perforated protective cylindrical housing is positioned in a liquid column in a well below (and if desired another inflatable attenuator is also positioned above) an impulsive energy source in the liquid column. The housing has an exterior diameter slightly less than the interior diameter of the well. The bladder is inflated when in the liquid column by gas supplied from a pressurized gas container attached to the attenuator or is supplied with pressurized gas through a hose line from a source of pressurized gas located on the surface of the Earth near the mouth of the well. A pressure-regulator responsive to the ambient hydrostatic pressure in the liquid column near the pressure regulator serves to maintain the pressure of the gas within the bladder at a regulated pressure at least equal to the ambient pressure in the liquid column where it is located. A pressure-relief valve releases pressurized gas from the bladder to prevent the pressure inside of the bladder from exceeding a predetermined differential in pressure between the inside of the bladder and ambient hydrostatic pressure so that the bladder will not rupture when the attenuator is being elevated in the well. The inflated bladder attenuates tube waves traveling along the liquid column in the well from an impulsive source of seismic energy waves when employed in the liquid column above or below the energy source. The upwardly traveling tube waves may alternatively be dissipated by releasing numerous gas bubbles in the upper portion of the liquid column to generate a bubble barrier in the upper portion of the liquid column. A further embodiment includes two bladders, including a tapered upper bladder which flares outwardly and downwardly and a cylindrical lower bladder. The perforated protective housing is omitted, and enlarged annular shoulders protect these bladders from abrasion against the wall of the well.
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公开(公告)号：US4712641A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-15
申请号：US653438
申请日：1984-09-21
CPC分类号： G01V1/09 , G01V1/047 , Y10S181/401
摘要： A seismic source is disclosed which is particularly useful for generating horizontally polarized shear waves in the earth for seismic surveying. It comprises an elongated, hollow, substantially vertical cylinder having an earth-contacting pad pivotally mounted to its lower end by a horizontal pivot shaft extending parallel with the front-to-back centerline of a transport vehicle. The lower surface of this large rigid pad contains multiple, blade-like teeth extending parallel with the pivot shaft for gripping the earth's surface for transmitting powerful horizontally polarized shear stress impulses into the earth. The cylinder contains a slidable piston-like reaction mass. The bottom of the cylinder is a strong upwardly diverging conical surface serving to focus and direct upwardly the discharge blast from each port of an air gun extending horizontally and with the axis of the air gun being oriented parallel with the pivot axis and being located a short distance above the pivot shaft. Thus, the cylinder bottom is defined by the intersection of an elongated cylinder with a truncated cone and each air gun port is located near the center of the upwardly facing cone for focusing the blast upwardly toward the reaction mass. A small amount of water below the reaction piston mass and above the conical bottom surrounds the air gun ports. The air gun is selectively discharged to forcibly drive the earth-contacting pad down. By inclining the cylinder to the left of vertical or to the right of vertical while the pad seats on the earth with its parallel blade-like teeth gripping the earth's surface, the resulting sudden downward angled thrust is transmitted into the earth to generate horizontally polarized shear waves in addition to compression waves. The entire assembly is mounted on a transporter, such as a truck or log-skidder from which it may be lowered against the earth's surface as desired. The transporter carries a prime mover, an air compressor and receiver tank, and an air/water separator for the operation of the shear wave generator. A seismic survey method includes progressing from shot point to shot point along a seismic survey line, and at each shot point the cylinder is stood upright, is inclined to the left and is inclined to the right, in any desired sequence, and the air gun is fired with the cylinder in each of these attitudes for generating predetermined sequences and mixtures of compressional (P) waves, vertically polarized shear (SV) waves, left-handed horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves, and right-handed horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves thereby enhancing the ability to employ seismic energy transmitted into the earth from its surface for acquiring information about geological features in the earth.
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公开(公告)号：US4383582A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-17
申请号：US254445
申请日：1981-04-15
摘要： A massive piston that does not strike anything during operation reciprocates with bouncing action up and down within a cylinder. An annular pressurized gas storage chamber encircles the piston and travels up and down with it. Pressurized gas is continuously supplied into this movable chamber to be temporarily stored therein. As the piston descends toward the lower end of the cylinder, pressurized gas from this travelling chamber is automatically suddenly allowed to bypass the lower portion of the piston, thereby injecting the pressurized gas into a bounce chamber between the descending piston and a bottom assembly. When this pressurized gas rushes through the bypass, it forces an exhaust valve closed. The bypass includes two vertically spaced sets of gas feed ports communicating into the cylinder, and as the piston continues descending closer to the bottom assembly, the injected pressurized gas is suddenly trapped becoming further compressed as a cushion with great pressure multiplication below the descending piston, thereby producing a powerful driving thrust while bouncing the piston upwardly in a powerful bouncing action. As the piston ascends, additional pressurized gas automatically bypasses from the storage chamber into the cylinder, and its expansion aids in propelling the piston up relatively high. The ascending piston allows gas expansion, until pressure has dropped approximately to atmospheric, thereby allowing the exhaust valve to open. When this valve opens, the piston is near the top of its stroke, and the cycle repeats.
摘要翻译： 在运行过程中不会发生任何物体的大型活塞在气缸内上下弹起作用时往复运动。 环形加压气体储存室围绕活塞并与其一起上下移动。 加压气体被连续地供给到该可动室中以暂时存储在其中。 当活塞向下降到气缸的下端时，来自该行进室的加压气体自动突然被允许绕过活塞的下部，从而将加压气体注入到下降活塞和底部组件之间的反弹室中。 当这种加压气体冲过旁路时，迫使排气阀关闭。 旁路包括连通到气缸中的两个垂直间隔开的气体供给口组合，并且随着活塞继续靠近底部组件下降，注入的加压气体突然被捕获，作为下降活塞下方的大的压力倍增的缓冲垫进一步压缩， 从而在强大的弹跳动作中向上弹起活塞时产生强大的驾驶推力。 当活塞上升时，额外的加压气体自动地从储存室旁通到气缸中，并且其膨胀有助于将活塞向上推高。 升降活塞允许气体膨胀，直到压力大约降到大气压，从而允许排气阀打开。 当该阀打开时，活塞接近其行程的顶部，并且循环重复。
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公开(公告)号：US4779245A
公开(公告)日：1988-10-18
申请号：US762966
申请日：1985-08-06
CPC分类号： G01V1/137
摘要： A long-life, low-maintenance air gun/hydro gun includes a one-piece, integral shuttle having an unusually long hollow shank with a firing piston whose configuration is the mirror image of the operating piston, except for the slightly smaller diameter "D" of the firing piston. The shank length L is at least 2.5 times D, and the whole shuttle is guided by this shank sliding within a shaft seal and bearing assembly. By virtue of this guidance, the perimeters of the operating and firing pistons are always kept slightly spaced from their respective associated cylinder walls for eliminating contact of these pistons with their cylinder walls for advantageously dramatically increasing the total number of operating firing cycles which can be accumulated in use before the need for replacing any worn parts, except for the operating and firing seals which are inexpensive. Thus, this air/hydro gun offers a low-maintenance feature. Further, it is only the shank-guiding bearing assembly which is replaced, instead of both of the cylinder walls; the perimeters of the two pistons do not become worn, and thus the operating characteristics (triggering/firing response) do not significantly change over long periods of repeated numerous cycles of operation, and triggering/firing " jitter" is avoided. In conjunction with the shank-guidance, a novel configured tapered wall surface of the operating chamber produces smoother acceleration and deceleration of the shuttle, so that operating stresses in the shuttle are reduced. This reduction in stresses plus the unitary one-piece construction of the shuttle provide a long operating lifetime for the shuttle. The housing of the air gun comprises two main components instead of the usual three. Therefore, only a single clamp ring holds the air gun together. Then, only one more clamp ring is employed to secure the outer housing of the hydro gun around the air gun. The change from air-to-hydro gun, and the change back to an air gun are both quickly and easily made on shipboard while at sea. The air gun and the hydro gun are less complex and lighter in weight than prior guns of comparable firing volumes, but they are powerful relative to their weight, thus being easier to handle at sea than earlier air guns or water guns. Advantageously, for controlling and modulating the acceleration and deceleration of fast-travelling shuttle the inner surface of the operating sleeve liner can be designed to have any desired configuration, because it is freed from the need to guide the rim of the operating piston by virtue of the fact that shuttle guidance is now provided along the shank. The effective bearing length guiding the shuttle shank is more than three times the O.D. of the shuttle shank. The resilient O-ring firing seal is maintained under continuous spring-loading for enhancing its sealing ability and for automatically supporting this firing seal continuously biased toward its sealed position, thereby contributing to consistent, reliable, repeatable firing characteristics throughout a long operating life and providing a larger throat opening for the firing chamber.
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公开(公告)号：US4723230A
公开(公告)日：1988-02-02
申请号：US896395
申请日：1986-08-13
IPC分类号： E21B17/02 , G01V1/137 , H01R13/523 , G01V1/38
CPC分类号： H01R13/523 , E21B17/028 , G01V1/137
摘要： A high ambient liquid pressure-resistant electrical connector is shown with an airgun having a solenoid actuated valve mounted on the airgun. A multi-conductor electrical cable is connected by this pressure-resistant connector to a plurality of terminals of the solenoid valve for protecting from ambient liquid the terminals and the adjacent portions of the conductors. This pressure-resistant electrical connector includes a connector housing having an upper end and a lower end, with the lower end of the housing being mounted to the airgun. The connector housing has a fluid sealant chamber for enclosing the electrical terminals and adjacent portions of the conductors connected to the terminals and includes at least one barrier for engaging the cable to protect against ambient liquid seeping past the barrier to the electrical terminals. The connector housing defines a cylindrical space carrying a spring-loaded piston. The inner end of this cylindrical space communicates with the liquid sealant chamber, and the outer end is exposed to the ambient liquid for applying ambient pressure to the piston for urging the piston away from the outer end of the cylindrical space toward the inner end. The fluid sealant chamber and the inner end of the cylindrical space are filled with waterproof sealant fluid material, for example such as waterproof grease. Thus, ambient liquid pressure plus the pressure resulting from spring force on the piston is applied to the waterproof sealant fluid material filling the sealant chamber enclosing the terminals and adjacent portions of the conductors. Consequently, this sealant material is always at a pressure exceeding the pressure of ambient liquid for preventing ambient liquid from seeping into the chamber enclosing the terminals. A second sealant chamber containing fluid sealant material similarly maintained at pressure exceeding ambient pressure is shown surrounding the end of the cable sheath where the conductors exit from the cable sheath for preventing seepage of ambient fluid within the cable sheath around the conductors.
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公开(公告)号：US4608675A
公开(公告)日：1986-08-26
申请号：US278669
申请日：1981-06-29
CPC分类号： G01V1/047 , G01V1/135 , Y10S181/401
摘要： An air gun is mounted in a reaction mass having an impulse-transmitting ground-contact plate movably mounted below the mass. This mass is in face-to-face contact with the plate over the major portion of the entire upper surface of the contact plate. Confined liquid is not employed. The air gun is charged with pressurized gas and fired, discharging the pressurized gas into the narrow horizontal interface region between reaction mass and plate. Rapid expansion of the discharged gas between mass and plate causes an intensely powerful seismic impulse to be transmitted into the earth. The air gun has a firing chamber for holding a charge of pressurized gas, a movable shuttle for suddenly discharging the pressurized gas, including upper and lower pistons with a hollow member connecting these pistons. A pedestal assembly carrying said shuttle is mounted from above to the reaction mass and extends down into the hollow shuttle member. When this air gun is fired, the lower piston moves away from a peripheral seal at the lower end of the firing chamber suddenly discharging pressurized gas from a central location radially outwardly into the narrow horizontal interface region. By suspending the pedestal assembly from above, powerful seismic waves can be generated using a relatively short shuttle stroke, and the gun can be positioned near the impulse-transmitting plate for directly discharging the pressurized gas into the interface region between plate and reaction mass.
摘要翻译： 气枪安装在具有可移动地安装在质量下方的脉冲传递接地板的反作用物质中。 该质量块在接触板的整个上表面的主要部分上与板面对面接触。 密闭液体不被使用。 气枪装有加压气体并点燃，将加压气体排放到反应物料与板之间的窄水平界面区域。 质量和板块之间的排放气体的快速膨胀导致强大的地震冲击传播到地球。 气枪具有用于保持加压气体的燃烧室，用于突出地排出加压气体的可移动梭，包括用连接这些活塞的中空构件的上下活塞。 承载所述梭子的基座组件从上方安装到反作用物质并向下延伸到中空梭构件中。 当该气枪被击发时，下部活塞远离燃烧室下端处的周边密封件突然将加压气体从中心位置径向向外排放到窄的水平界面区域。 通过从上方悬挂基座组件，可以使用相对较短的行程来产生强大的地震波，并且可以将枪定位在脉冲传递板附近，以将加压气体直接排放到板和反作用块之间的界面区域。
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公开(公告)号：US4599712A
公开(公告)日：1986-07-08
申请号：US475542
申请日：1983-03-15
摘要： A plurality of control station, watertight, submerged junction boxes are towed at spaced positions located along an airgun array, each junction box for including a microprocessor and data storage transmission capability, and airgun firing circuits to control predetermined airguns. The electrical cable for the array and the air supply lines, as well as the airguns to be controlled, are detachably coupled to respective junction boxes. Thus, the number of airguns in the towed array can be changed quickly and conveniently by coupling or uncoupling junction boxes and the associated airguns. A protective hose sheath extends between successive junction boxes and this hose sheath contains power lines and a communication bus, detachably connected to terminals in successive junction boxes. This hose sheath and interiors of junction boxes are pressurized with low pressure air during towing for excluding water in the event of a leak. When this array is on shipboard in sunshine the junction boxes are cooled by increasing pressure of low pressure air until a relief valve at the far end of the array opens establishing continuous flow of low pressure air travelling in series through protective hose sheath sections and through the junction boxes. The hose sheath and high pressure air supply line are each assembled in detachable sections extending between successive junction boxes. There is a short by-pass pipe for high pressure air attached to each junction box, and each airgun feed line is tapped into a respective one of these by-pass pipes.
摘要翻译： 多个控制站，水密的潜水接线盒在沿着气枪阵列的间隔位置被拖曳，每个接线盒包括微处理器和数据存储传输能力，以及气枪发射电路以控制预定的气枪。 用于阵列和供气管线的电缆以及要控制的气枪可拆卸地联接到相应的接线盒。 因此，可以通过联接或拆卸接线盒和相关联的气枪来快速方便地改变拖曳阵列中的气枪的数量。 保护软管护套在连续的接线盒之间延伸，该软管护套包含电源线和通信总线，可拆卸地连接到连续接线盒中的端子。 这种软管护套和接线盒内部在牵引过程中用低压空气加压，以便在发生泄漏的情况下排除水分。 当这种阵列在阳光下在船上时，接线盒由于增加低压空气的压力而被冷却，直到阵列远端的安全阀打开，从而建立连续的低压空气流，通过保护软管护套部分串联运行，并通过 接线盒。 软管护套和高压空气供应管路各自组装在连续接线盒之间延伸的可拆卸部分。 每个接线盒附有一个用于高压空气的短路旁路管道，并且每个气枪进料管线被分接到这些旁通管道中的相应的一个管道中。
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9.发明授权Quiet bouncer driver thruster method with pressurized air chamber encircling massive bouncing piston 失效安静的保镖驾驶员推进器方法与加压空气室环绕大量弹跳活塞
公开(公告)号：US4377355A
公开(公告)日：1983-03-22
申请号：US62420
申请日：1979-07-31
摘要： A massive piston, which might be called a "ram", except that it does not strike anything during operation, reciprocates with bouncing action up and down within a cylinder. An annular pressurized gas storage chamber encircles the piston and travels up and down with it. Pressurized gas is continuously supplied into this movable chamber to be temporarily stored therein. As the piston descends toward the lower end of the cylinder, pressurized gas from this travelling chamber is automatically suddenly allowed to bypass the lower portion of the piston, thereby injecting the pressurized gas into a bounce chamber between the descending piston and a bottom assembly. When this pressurized gas rushes through the bypass, it forces an exhaust valve closed. The bypass includes two vertically spaced sets of gas feed ports communicating into the cylinder, and as the piston continues descending closer to the bottom assembly, the injected pressurized gas is suddenly trapped becoming further compressed as a cushion with great pressure multiplication below the descending piston, thereby producing a powerful driving thrust while bouncing the piston upwardly in a powerful bouncing action. As the piston ascends, additional pressurized gas automatically bypasses from the storage chamber into the cylinder, and its expansion aids in propelling the piston up relatively high. The ascending piston allows gas expansion, until pressure has dropped approximately to atmospheric, thereby allowing the exhaust valve to open. When this valve opens, the piston is near the top of its stroke, and the cycle repeats.
摘要翻译： 一个大型的活塞，可能被称为“夯”，除了它在操作过程中不会发生任何东西，在气缸内上下弹起动作。 环形加压气体储存室围绕活塞并与其一起上下移动。 加压气体被连续地供给到该可动室中以暂时存储在其中。 当活塞向下降到气缸的下端时，来自该行进室的加压气体自动突然被允许绕过活塞的下部，从而将加压气体注入到下降活塞和底部组件之间的反弹室中。 当这种加压气体冲过旁路时，迫使排气阀关闭。 旁路包括连通到气缸中的两个垂直间隔开的气体供给口组合，并且随着活塞继续靠近底部组件下降，注入的加压气体突然被捕获，作为下降活塞下方的大的压力倍增的缓冲垫进一步压缩， 从而在强大的弹跳动作中向上弹起活塞时产生强大的驾驶推力。 当活塞上升时，额外的加压气体自动地从储存室旁通到气缸中，并且其膨胀有助于将活塞向上推高。 升降活塞允许气体膨胀，直到压力大约降到大气压，从而允许排气阀打开。 当该阀打开时，活塞接近其行程的顶部，并且循环重复。
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公开(公告)号：US4316521A
公开(公告)日：1982-02-23
申请号：US101123
申请日：1979-12-07
IPC分类号： G01V1/09
CPC分类号： G01V1/09
摘要： A seismic energy generating assembly includes a seismic energy generator positioned within a cage-like frame and adapted for vertical movement within the frame in reaction to the powerful seismic energy impulses that are transmitted downwardly into the earth. The assembly further includes hydraulic catch cylinders for easing the seismic energy generator back down to the ground within the frame after each impulse is generated. Horizontal extensions from this frame ride in guides formed by tubular channels for guiding the entire seismic energy generating assembly when lifted up from the ground by hydraulic lifting cylinders so that the assembly can be readily moved from place to place during seismic exploration. The tubular channels are pivotally mounted to an outer supporting frame on a land vehicle. The seismic energy generating assembly is thereby adapted for swinging movement with the tubular channels about a horizontal pivot axis passing through the assembly and extending transversely with respect to the vehicle for accommodating local variations, as encountered, in the slope of the earth's surface.The horizontal extensions include tough, slippery plastic polymer sleeves at least partially surrounding vertical cylindrical mandrels which ride within the tubular channels. The tubular channels are pivotally mounted through spherical self-aligning bearings, and in this illustrative embodiment the swinging movement is limited to within approximately 10.degree. from the vertical, but this limit may be more or less.
摘要翻译： 地震能量产生组件包括位于笼状框架内的地震能量发生器，其适于在框架内垂直运动，以响应向下传入地球的强大的地震能量脉冲。 组件还包括用于在产生每个脉冲之后将地震能量发生器向下缓和在框架内的地面的液压捕获气缸。 该框架的水平延伸部分在由管状通道形成的引导件中引导，用于当通过液压提升缸从地面抬起时引导整个地震能量产生组件，使得在地震勘探期间该组件可以容易地从一个地方移动。 管状通道枢转地安装在陆地车辆上的外部支撑框架上。 因此，地震能量产生组件适于使管状通道围绕穿过组件的水平枢转轴线摆动运动，并相对于车辆横向延伸，以容纳在地球表面的斜坡中遇到的局部变化。 水平延伸部分包括至少部分围绕垂直圆柱形心轴的韧性，光滑的塑料聚合物套筒，其位于管状通道内。 管状通道通过球形自调心轴承枢转地安装，并且在该说明性实施例中，摆动运动被限制在距离垂直方向大约10°的范围内，但是该限制可以或多或少地被限制。
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