摘要:
A toner is provided. The toner comprises toner particles each comprising a toner base particle and an external additive. The toner base particle comprises a binder resin and a colorant. The toner satisfies the following conditions (a) and (b): (a) an average surface roughness Ra [nm] of the toner particles, detected by a scanning probe microscope analyzer, satisfies the following formula (1): 10
摘要:
A toner includes: toner base particles including a binder resin, a colorant, an inorganic filler, and a release agent; and an external additive. An average circularity of the toner is 0.974 or more but 0.985 or less. A surface roughness parameter Sz of a surface of the toner is 200 nm or more but 500 nm or less, the surface roughness parameter Sz being measured with an atomic force microscope (AFM).
摘要:
A heating device includes a rotator, a heating source, a reflector, a shield, a rotator holder, and a liquid or semi-solid substance. The rotator is rotatably held. The heating source heats the rotator. The reflector reflects radiant heat emitted from the heating source. The shield is disposed closer to a longitudinal end portion of the rotator than to a longitudinal center portion of the rotator to shield, between the heating source and the rotator, the radiant heat emitted from the heating source. The shield has a reflectance lower than a reflectance of the reflector. The rotator holder holds the longitudinal end portion of the rotator. The liquid or semi-solid substance has lubricity and adheres to the rotator holder.
摘要:
A belt device includes a belt, a secured member, a pressure rotator, and lubricant. The belt is rotatable and has an endless shape. The belt includes an inner portion having an inner circumferential surface. The inner portion has an elastic power of 55% or more. The inner circumferential surface of the belt slides on the secured member. The pressure rotator includes a porous elastic body and presses the secured member via the belt to form a nip between the belt and the pressure rotator. The lubricant is interposed between the inner circumferential surface of the belt and the secured member.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes a heating device including a heat generator and a resistance value identifier, a body, a resistance value acquisition unit, a detector to detect detachment and attachment of the heating device from and to the body, and an electric power controller. The resistance value identifier corresponds to a resistance value of the heat generator. The resistance value acquisition unit acquires the resistance value from the resistance value identifier. The electric power controller causes the resistance value acquisition unit to acquire the resistance value when the detector detects detachment and attachment of the heating device. The electric power controller changes a lighting duty of the heat generator when the acquired resistance value of the heat generator is different from the resistance value before the detector detects detachment and attachment of the heating device.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes a power controller that starts an examination mode by an external operation. The examination mode detects a temperature-resistance property of a resistive heat generator. The power controller supplies power at a predetermined power duty cycle to the resistive heat generator. The power controller obtains the power supplied to the resistive heat generator and a change in a temperature of the resistive heat generator, that is detected by a temperature detector, while the power controller supplies the power at the predetermined power duty cycle to the resistive heat generator. The power controller calculates the temperature-resistance property of the resistive heat generator based on the power and the change in the temperature that are obtained. The power controller adjusts a power duty cycle at which the power is supplied to the resistive heat generator based on the temperature-resistance property.
摘要:
A fixing device includes an endless, rotatable fixing belt, a pressure rotator, a nip formation pad, a support, and a vibration repressor. The pressure rotator presses an outer surface of the fixing belt. The nip formation pad is disposed at an inner side of the fixing belt, to abut on the pressure rotator with the fixing belt interposed between the nip formation pad and the pressure rotator to form a fixing nip. The support is disposed at the inner side of the fixing belt, to support the nip formation pad. The vibration repressor is disposed between the nip formation pad and the support, to repress vibration of the nip formation pad.
摘要:
A negative electrode active material for nonaqueous secondary batteries is disclosed. The active material contains a silicon solid solution having one or more than one of a group 3 semimetal or metal element, a group 4 semimetal or metal element except silicon, and a group 5 nonmetal or semimetal element incorporated in silicon as a solute element. The solute element is present more on the crystal grain boundaries of the silicon solid solution than inside the grains.
摘要:
A centrifugal fan includes a casing side plate with a casing inlet, a spiral scroll, a tongue, a casing outlet, a main plate, a retaining ring, multiple blades arranged between the main plate and the retaining ring, and an air-intake space surrounded by the blades. The centrifugal fan further includes an airflow accelerator in the air-intake space for increasing an airflow speed of a gas toward the blades.
摘要:
A toner set, including: a transparent toner including a binder resin a, a releasing agent a and no colorant; and one or more color toners, each including a binder resin b, a colorant b and a releasing agent b, wherein the binder resin a includes a non-crystalline resin α and a crystalline resin α, the binder resin b includes a non-crystalline resin β and a crystalline resin β, the releasing agent a has an average particle diameter as a long diameter of 0.2 μm to 2.0 μm, and there is a relationship of 1