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公开(公告)号：US4437217A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-20
申请号：US344650
申请日：1982-02-01
CPC分类号： F28F21/04 , Y10S165/905 , Y10T29/49377
摘要： The heat exchange tube has a porous thermal shock resistant outer shell composed of a corrosion resistant ceramic material that may have a finned outer surface or a plain cylindrical outer surface. The outer shell contains an inner tube composed of a dense nonporous ceramic which is capable of containing high pressure gases, but which may not be as thermally shock resistant or corrosion resistant as the outer shell. The inner tube is formed of a dense ceramic material such as a highly dense silicon carbide or silicon nitride having at each end a like density insert. The end inserts provide sealing surfaces to contact other components in the heat exchanger such as identical ceramic tube assemblies to form a gas-type pressure seal. The inner tube can be fabricated by a deposition technique suh as a chemical or physical vapor deposition, and alternatively, can be made separately and press fitted into the outer shell or the outer shell can be cast or otherwise formed around the inner tube. As an alternative solution, the dense inner tube and end seals can be integrated into a single component performing the functions of all three components, i.e., the two end seals and the inner tube.
摘要翻译： 热交换管具有由耐腐蚀陶瓷材料组成的多孔耐热冲击外壳，其可以具有带翅片的外表面或平坦的圆柱形外表面。 外壳包含由能够容纳高压气体但可能不像外壳那样耐热冲击或耐腐蚀的致密无孔陶瓷构成的内管。 内管由致密的陶瓷材料形成，例如高度致密的碳化硅或氮化硅，每端具有类似的密度插入物。 端部插件提供密封表面以接触热交换器中的其他部件，例如相同的陶瓷管组件，以形成气体型压力密封。 内管可以通过作为化学或物理气相沉积的沉积技术制造，或者可以单独制造并压配合到外壳中，或者外壳可以围绕内管铸造或以其他方式形成。 作为替代解决方案，致密的内管和端部密封件可以集成到执行所有三个部件即两个端部密封件和内部管件的功能的单个部件中。
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公开(公告)号：US4380429A
公开(公告)日：1983-04-19
申请号：US90731
申请日：1979-11-02
申请人： Paul G. LaHaye , John W. Bjerklie
发明人： Paul G. LaHaye , John W. Bjerklie
CPC分类号： F23C7/008 , F23C9/006 , F23D11/002 , F23C2202/30 , Y02E20/348
摘要： An internally recirculating burner designed to operate at a low level of excess air without producing intolerable levels of particulate (smoke) and oxides of nitrogen using ambient or highly preheated atmospheric air as an oxidant. The burner operates with a flame front outside of the burner in the combustion chamber with recirculation of furnace gas being provided by the geometric configuration of the burner and the energy provided by the incoming combustion air. A nozzle means for controlling the combustion air flow is disclosed concentric with the burner center body. The nozzle is comprised of a fixed ceramic nozzle plate having annularly arranged distribution holes and a nozzle plus also preferably of ceramic supported to open and close the annular flow passage between the nozzle and the burner center body as well as the annular flow distribution holes. The air discharged through the nozzle flows along the surface of the center body creating a pressure depression at the point of discharge causing the furnace gas to flow from the furnace chamber to the passage formed by the burner barrel and the outside diameter of the recirculating sleeve. The recirculated gas joins the incoming combustion air and flows parallel to the combustion air through the annular passage formed by the inside diameter of the recirculating sleeve and the outside diameter of the center body. Some mixing of the combustion air and the recirculating gas occurs within the recirculating sleeve. A flame holder forming a portion of the center body central tube at the discharge end of the burner creates eddies and provides for a flame holding zone in which the fuel can be injected and the flame sustained. The flame thus formed extends into the combustion zone to the point at which the combustion reaction is completed.
摘要翻译： 内部循环燃烧器设计为在低水平的空气中运行，而不会使用环境或高度预热的大气作为氧化剂而产生不可耐受的水平的微粒（烟雾）和氮氧化物。 燃烧器在燃烧室内的燃烧器外部具有火焰前沿，燃烧室的再循环由燃烧器的几何构型和由进入的燃烧空气提供的能量提供。 用于控制燃烧空气流的喷嘴装置与燃烧器中心体同心地公开。 喷嘴由具有环形布置的分配孔的固定陶瓷喷嘴板和喷嘴加上，还优选地被陶瓷支撑以打开和关闭喷嘴和燃烧器中心体之间的环形流动通道以及环形分配孔。 通过喷嘴排出的空气沿着中心体的表面流动，在排放点产生压力下降，使得炉内气体从炉室流到由燃烧器筒形成的通道和再循环套管的外径。 再循环的气体通过由再循环套筒的内径和中心体的外径形成的环形通道，连接进入的燃烧空气并平行于燃烧空气流动。 燃烧空气和再循环气体的一些混合发生在再循环套筒内。 在燃烧器的出口端处形成中心体中心管的一部分的火焰保持器产生涡流，并提供燃料可以喷射并且维持火焰的火焰保持区域。 这样形成的火焰延伸到燃烧区到燃烧反应完成的点。
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公开(公告)号：US4060379A
公开(公告)日：1977-11-29
申请号：US652877
申请日：1976-01-27
CPC分类号： F23L15/04 , F23C9/00 , F27D17/004 , F23C2900/06041 , F23C2900/09002 , Y02E20/348
摘要： An energy conserving process furnace has a recuperator to utilize heat derived from exhaust gases in order to reduce fossil fuel consumption of the furnace. Elongated, enhanced surface ceramic heat exchanger tubes are used in the recuperator to recover heat energy from the exhaust gas. A preferred sealing arrangement is used between the metal and ceramic tubes to contain the combustion air. Heat is added by the recuperator to combustion air used in a fluid fuel burner.A recirculating burner has a flame front outside of the burner in the combustion chamber. The recirculating burner means acts to reduce the combustion air requirements and to provide a combustion zone low in oxygen so as to prevent scale formation and oxidation of metals being treated in the furnace area.
摘要翻译： 节能过程炉具有利用来自废气的热的换热器，以减少炉的化石燃料消耗。 在再热器中使用细长的增强型表面陶瓷热交换器管以从废气中回收热能。 在金属和陶瓷管之间使用优选的密封装置来容纳燃烧空气。 换热器将热量加入流体燃料燃烧器中使用的燃烧空气。
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公开(公告)号：US4332295A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-01
申请号：US150888
申请日：1980-05-19
IPC分类号： F28F21/04
CPC分类号： F28F21/04 , F28F1/006 , F28F1/36 , F28F13/003 , Y10S165/905
摘要： The heat exchange tube has a porous thermal shock resistant outer shell composed of a corrosion resistant ceramic material that may have a finned outer surface or a plain cylindrical outer surface. The outer shell contains an inner tube composed of a dense nonporous ceramic which is capable of containing high pressure gases, but which may not be as thermally shock resistant or corrosion resistant as the outer shell. The inner tube is formed of a dense ceramic material such as a highly dense silicon carbide or silicon nitride having at each end a like density insert. The end inserts provide sealing surfaces to contact other components in the heat exchanger such as identical ceramic tube assemblies to form a gas-type pressure seal. The inner tube can be fabricated by a deposition technique such as a chemical or physical vapor deposition, and alternatively, can be made separately and press fitted into the outer shell or the outer shell can be cast or otherwise formed around the inner tube. As an alternative solution, the dense inner tube and end seals can be integrated into a single component performing the functions of all three components, i.e., the two end seals and the inner tube.
摘要翻译： 热交换管具有由耐腐蚀陶瓷材料组成的多孔耐热冲击外壳，其可以具有带翅片的外表面或平坦的圆柱形外表面。 外壳包含由能够容纳高压气体但可能不像外壳那样耐热冲击或耐腐蚀的致密无孔陶瓷构成的内管。 内管由致密的陶瓷材料形成，例如高度致密的碳化硅或氮化硅，每端具有类似的密度插入物。 端部插件提供密封表面以接触热交换器中的其他部件，例如相同的陶瓷管组件，以形成气体型压力密封。 内管可以通过诸如化学或物理气相沉积的沉积技术来制造，或者可以单独制造并压配合到外壳中，或者外壳可以围绕内管铸造或以其他方式形成。 作为替代解决方案，致密的内管和端部密封件可以集成到执行所有三个部件即两个端部密封件和内部管件的功能的单个部件中。
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公开(公告)号：US4144020A
公开(公告)日：1979-03-13
申请号：US796304
申请日：1977-05-12
CPC分类号： F23L15/04 , F27D17/004 , F23C2900/06041 , F23C2900/09002 , Y02E20/348
摘要： An energy conserving process furnace has a recuperator to utilize heat derived from exhaust gases in order to reduce fossil fuel consumption of the furnace. Elongated, enhanced surface ceramic heat exchanger tubes are used in the recuperator to recover heat energy from the exhaust gas. A preferred sealing arrangement is used between the metal and ceramic tubes to contain the combustion air. Heat is added by the recuperator to combustion air used in a fluid fuel burner. The ceramic tubes are provided with vibration protective mechanisms to prolong useful life under severe mechanical vibration encountered in some applications.In a method of operating a slot furnace, exhaust gas is exhausted from a side of the furnace through the slot or a passageway having an elongated horizontal cross section. In the preferred arrangement a second passage or air curtain passageway is positioned adjacent the first passageway to permit proper gas flow through a recuperator. The recuperator is designed to recoup heat from exhaust gas in the first passageway and provide such heat as energy to heat combustion air used in the furnace. The second passageway by-passes the recuperator to avoid passing colder room air through the recuperator and to protect the operator from high temperature exhaust gas.The heat exchange ceramic tubes are designed to operate at temperatures of 1300.degree. F. and above without damage and with good sealing properties between elements.The system preferably includes a recirculating burner means which acts to reduce the combustion air requirements and to provide a combustion zone low in oxygen so as to prevent scale formation and oxidation of metals being treated in the furnace area.
摘要翻译： 节能过程炉具有利用来自废气的热的换热器，以减少炉的化石燃料消耗。 在再热器中使用细长的增强型表面陶瓷热交换器管以从废气中回收热能。 在金属和陶瓷管之间使用优选的密封装置来容纳燃烧空气。 换热器将热量加入流体燃料燃烧器中使用的燃烧空气。 陶瓷管配有振动保护机构，以在一些应用中遇到的严重机械振动下延长使用寿命。
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公开(公告)号：US4115051A
公开(公告)日：1978-09-19
申请号：US745803
申请日：1976-11-29
申请人： John W. Bjerklie
发明人： John W. Bjerklie
CPC分类号： F27D1/1858 , F27B17/0016
摘要： A slot furnace has a radiation resistant door which can easily be opened and closed as necessary during operation. The door is mounted on a pivot so that an end thereof covered with heat resistant insulation can be pivoted to open and close the slot when desired, to allow ease of feeding and removing materials from the furnace while preventing substantial radiational heat loss during normal operations.
摘要翻译： 槽式炉具有耐辐射门，在操作期间可以根据需要容易地打开和关闭。 门安装在枢轴上，使得覆盖有耐热绝缘的端部可以枢转以在需要时打开和关闭狭槽，以便容易地从炉中进给和移除材料，同时防止在正常操作期间的大量辐射热损失。
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公开(公告)号：US4336721A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-29
申请号：US155940
申请日：1980-06-03
申请人： Richard H. Curtis
发明人： Richard H. Curtis
CPC分类号： G01N1/2258 , G01N33/0011 , G01N1/24 , G01N2001/2261
摘要： The gas sampling apparatus may be embodied as a hot sampler or a cold sampler, and basically comprises an insulated housing concentrically supporting an inlet tube which in turn supports a nozzle through which the gas sample is metered, passing to the detection cell. The gas sample is drawn past the cell by an aspirator. A controllable heater is disposed concentrically about the inlet tube and proximate to the aspirator for maintaining the sensing cell at its perferred operating temperature which in one case is 704.degree. C. The aspirator is preferably maintained above 430.degree. C. but below 590.degree. C. by the heater. By maintaining the sample gas in this elevated temperature range, accumulation of residuals of the process are avoided. Provision is made for periodic purging of the apparatus with fresh air to remove residuals from the sampler.
摘要翻译： 气体取样装置可以被实施为热取样器或冷取样器，并且基本上包括同心地支撑入口管的绝缘壳体，入口管又支撑喷嘴，气体样品通过该喷嘴计量，通过检测单元。 气体样品通过吸气器吸过细胞。 可控制的加热器围绕入口管并且靠近吸气器同心地设置，用于将感测电池保持在其传播的操作温度，在一个情况下为704℃。吸气器优选保持在430℃以上但低于590℃。 通过加热器。 通过将样品气体保持在该升高的温度范围内，避免了该过程的残留物的累积。 规定用新鲜空气定期清洗设备，以清除取样器中的残留物。
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公开(公告)号：US4134449A
公开(公告)日：1979-01-16
申请号：US746703
申请日：1976-12-02
申请人： Paul G. La Haye , John W. Bjerklie
发明人： Paul G. La Haye , John W. Bjerklie
CPC分类号： F16J15/52 , F28F21/04 , Y10S165/06
摘要： A bellows arrangement for forming a gas leakage resistant pressure seal between ceramic heat exchange tubes has an elongated metallic bellows defining a central passageway with first and second ends. A metallic tube passes through the bellows and freely moves with respect to the second end of the bellows while defining a gas chamber between the tube and bellows. Axial expansion of the bellows under the influence of the internal pressure when such pressure is higher than the external pressure which may be the atmosphere acts to apply a force at the interface between the bellows assembly and the ceramic heat exchange tube which is proportional to the internal pressure of the heat exchange tube, thereby accommodating movement of the heat exchange tube and providing a pressure seal that is leak resistant.
摘要翻译： 用于在陶瓷热交换管之间形成耐气体泄漏压力密封的波纹管装置具有限定具有第一和第二端的中心通道的细长金属波纹管。 金属管通过波纹管并相对于波纹管的第二端自由移动，同时在管和波纹管之间限定气室。 当压力高于可能是大气的外部压力时，在内部压力的影响下波纹管的轴向膨胀用于在波纹管组件和陶瓷换热管之间的界面处施加力，其与内部成比例 热交换管的压力，由此容纳热交换管的运动并提供耐泄漏的压力密封。
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公开(公告)号：US4070841A
公开(公告)日：1978-01-31
申请号：US683062
申请日：1976-05-04
申请人： Paul G. La Haye , Ralph E. Anderson
发明人： Paul G. La Haye , Ralph E. Anderson
IPC分类号： E04F13/08 , F16L59/147 , F27D1/16 , E04B1/62
CPC分类号： F16L59/147
摘要： An insulated material comprises a first wall having a surface with a layer of insulation thereover. The insulation is anchored to the wall by a plurality of rods which are each attached to the wall and extends through the insulation. The rods are interlocked at expansion point means which allows expansion and contraction of the rods without permitting movement of the insulation from its position.
摘要翻译： 绝缘材料包括具有其上面具有绝缘层的表面的第一壁。 绝缘体通过多个杆锚固到壁上，多个杆各自附接到壁并延伸穿过绝缘体。 杆在膨胀点装置处互锁，这允许棒的膨胀和收缩，而不允许绝缘体从其位置移动。
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公开(公告)号：US4029465A
公开(公告)日：1977-06-14
申请号：US547381
申请日：1975-02-06
CPC分类号： F23L15/04 , F27D17/004 , F23C2900/06041 , F23C2900/09002 , Y02E20/348
摘要： An energy conserving process furnace has a recuperator to utilize heat derived from exhaust gases in order to reduce fossil fuel consumption of the furnace. Elongated, enhanced surface ceramic heat exchanger tubes are used in the recuperator to recover heat energy from the exhaust gas. A preferred sealing arrangement is used between the metal and ceramic tubes to contain the combustion air. Heat is added by the recuperator to combustion air used in a fluid fuel burner. The ceramic tubes are provided with vibration protective mechanisms to prolong useful life under severe mechanical vibration encountered in some applications.In a method of operating a slot furnace, exhaust gas is exhausted from a side of the furnace through the slot or a passageway having an elongated horizontal cross section. In the preferred arrangement a second passage or air curtain passageway is positioned adjacent the first passageway to permit proper gas flow through a recuperator. The recuperator is designed to recoup heat from exhaust gas in the first passageway and provide such heat as energy to heat combustion air used in the furnace. The second passageway by-passes the recuperator to avoid passing colder room air through the recuperator and to protect the operator from high temperature exhaust gas.The heat exchange ceramic tubes are designed to operate at temperatures of 1300.degree. F and above without damage and with good sealing properties between elements.The system preferably includes a recirculating burner means which acts to reduce the combustion air requirements and to provide a combustion zone low in oxygen so as to prevent scale formation and oxidation of metals being treated in the furnace area.
摘要翻译： 节能过程炉具有利用来自废气的热的换热器，以减少炉的化石燃料消耗。 在再热器中使用细长的增强型表面陶瓷热交换器管以从废气中回收热能。 在金属和陶瓷管之间使用优选的密封装置来容纳燃烧空气。 换热器将热量加入流体燃料燃烧器中使用的燃烧空气。 陶瓷管配有振动保护机构，以在一些应用中遇到的严重机械振动下延长使用寿命。
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