公开(公告)号：US06221237B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-24

申请号：US09339788

申请日：1999-06-24

申请人： Eric R. Lindgren ,  Earl D. Mattson

发明人： Eric R. Lindgren ,  Earl D. Mattson

IPC分类号： B01D5940

CPC分类号： B09C1/085

摘要： Method for collecting and concentrating charged species, specifically, contaminant species in a medium, preferably soil. The method utilizes electrokinesis to drive contaminant species into and through a bed adjacent to a drive electrode. The bed comprises a moderately electrically conductive adsorbent material which is porous and is infused with water or other solvent capable of conducting electrical current. The bed material, preferably activated carbon, is easily removed and disposed of. Preferably, where activated carbon is used, after contaminant species are collected and concentrated, the mixture of activated carbon and contaminant species is removed and burned to form a stable and easily disposable waste product.

摘要翻译： 收集和浓缩带电物种的方法，特别是介质中的污染物质，优选土壤。 该方法利用电动运动将污染物质驱入并通过与驱动电极相邻的床。 该床包括中等导电的吸附剂材料，其是多孔的并且被注入水或能够导电的溶剂。 床材料，优选活性炭，容易除去和处理。 优选地，当使用活性炭时，在污染物质被收集和浓缩之后，活性炭和污染物质的混合物被去除并燃烧以形成稳定且容易的一次性废物。

公开(公告)号：US06533909B2

公开(公告)日：2003-03-18

申请号：US09772284

申请日：2001-01-29

申请人： Jean-Jacques Duruz ,  Vittorio de Nora

发明人： Jean-Jacques Duruz ,  Vittorio de Nora

IPC分类号： B01D5940

CPC分类号： C25C3/06 ,  C25C3/08 ,  C25C3/12

摘要： A bipolar cell for the electrowinning of aluminium has bipolar electrodes each comprising a carbon cathode body having on one side an active surface on which aluminium is produced and connected on the other side through an oxygen impermeable barrier layer to an electrochemically active anode layer having an oxygen evolving iron oxide-based outer surface. The anode layer may comprise a metal-based anode substrate and a transition metal oxide-based outside layer, in particular an iron oxide-based outside layer, which either is an applied layer or is obtainable by oxidising the surface of the anode substrate which contains iron. During operation, the anode layer can be kept dimensionally stable by maintaining in the electrolyte a concentration of transition metal species which are present as one or more corresponding transition metal oxides in the electrochemically-active layer. The cell operating temperature is sufficiently low so that the required concentration The cell operating temperature is sufficiently low so that the required concentration of transition metal species in the electrolyte is limited by the reduced solubility thereof in the electrolyte at the operating temperature. This limits the contamination of the product aluminium by the transition metal species to an acceptable level.

摘要翻译： 用于电解电解铝的双极电池具有双极电极，每个双极电极包括碳阴极体，该碳阴极体的一侧具有生成铝的有源表面，另一侧通过不透氧阻挡层连接到具有氧的电化学活性阳极层 不断发展的基于氧化铁的外表面。 阳极层可以包括基于金属的阳极衬底和基于过渡金属氧化物的外层，特别是基于氧化铁的外层，其也可以是施加层，或者可以通过氧化阳极衬底的表面而获得，其包含 铁。 在操作期间，通过在电化学活性层中保持作为一种或多种相应的过渡金属氧化物存在的过渡金属物质的浓度来维持阳极层的尺寸稳定。 电池工作温度足够低，使得所需的浓度电池工作温度足够低，使得电解质中过渡金属物质所需的浓度受到其在工作温度下在电解质中溶解度的降低的限制。 这将产品铝的过渡金属物质的污染限制在可接受的水平。

公开(公告)号：US06425992B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-30

申请号：US09616333

申请日：2000-07-15

申请人： Vittorio de Nora

发明人： Vittorio de Nora

IPC分类号： B01D5940

CPC分类号： C25C3/12 ,  C25C7/025

摘要： A non-carbon, metal-based, high temperature resistant, electrically conductive and electrochemically active anode of a cell for the production of aluminum has a metal-based oxidation-resistant substrate to which an adherent multi-layer coating is applied prior to its immersion into the electrolyte and start up of the electrolysis by connection to the positive current supply. The multi-layer coating is obtainable from one or more applied layers selected from: a liquid solution, a dispersion in a liquid or a paste, a suspension in a liquid or a paste, and a pasty or non-pasty slurry, and combinations thereof, with or without heat treatment between two consecutively applied layers. At least one layer of the multi-layer coating contains a polymeric and/or a colloidal carrier. The coating is after final heat treatment electrically conductive and has during operation in the cell an electrochemically active surface for the oxidation of oxygen ions present at the surface of the anode.

摘要翻译： 用于生产铝的电池的非碳，金属基，耐高温，导电和电化学活性阳极具有金属基抗氧化基底，在浸渍之前施加粘附的多层涂层 进入电解液并通过连接到正电流源来启动电解。 多层涂层可从选自以下的一个或多个施加层获得：液体溶液，液体中的分散体或糊状物，液体悬浮液或糊状物，以及糊状或非糊状浆料及其组合 在两个连续施加的层之间进行或不进行热处理。 多层涂层的至少一层含有聚合物和/或胶体载体。 涂层在最终热处理之后是导电的，并且在电池中具有用于氧化存在于阳极表面的氧离子的电化学活性表面。

公开(公告)号：US06299742B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-09

申请号：US09368308

申请日：1999-08-03

申请人： Uday Pal ,  Stephen C. Britten

发明人： Uday Pal ,  Stephen C. Britten

IPC分类号： B01D5940

CPC分类号： C25C3/00 ,  C25C7/06 ,  G01N27/40 ,  G01N27/42

摘要： An amperometric in situ apparatus and technique for measuring the concentrations and transport properties of easily dissociable oxides in slags is described. The technique consists of a combination of different measurements utilizing an electrolyte to separate a reference-gas compartment from the slag of interest. A method and apparatus for metals extraction is also described which includes a vessel for holding a molten electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising a mobile metallic species and an anionic species having a diffusivity greater than about 10−5 cm2/sec; a cathode and an anode, the cathode in electrical contact with the molten metal electrolyte, the cathode and molten electrolyte separated from the anode by an ionic membrane capable of transporting the anionic species of the electrolyte into the membrane; and a power source for generating a potential between the cathode and the anode.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于测量炉渣中容易解离的氧化物的浓度和运输特性的电流原位装置和技术。 该技术包括利用电解质将参考气体隔室与感兴趣的炉渣分开的不同测量的组合。 还描述了用于金属提取的方法和装置，其包括用于保持熔融电解质的容器，所述电解质包含可移动金属物质和扩散系数大于约10-5cm 2 / sec的阴离子物质; 阴极和阳极，所述阴极与所述熔融金属电解质电接触，所述阴极和熔融电解质通过能够将所述电解质的阴离子物质输送到所述膜中的离子膜与所述阳极分离; 以及用于在阴极和阳极之间产生电位的电源。

公开(公告)号：US06818106B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-16

申请号：US10713798

申请日：2003-11-13

申请人： LeRoy E. D'Astolfo ,  Calvin Bates

发明人： LeRoy E. D'Astolfo ,  Calvin Bates

IPC分类号： B01D5940

CPC分类号： C25C3/12 ,  C25C3/08 ,  C25C3/16 ,  C25C7/025

摘要： A solid material (12′) circumscribing an anode system (10) in an electrolysis apparatus is made from a mixture of cryolite and/or alumina (Al2O3), where the solid material (12′) contacts and surrounds the anodes (14, 14′).

摘要翻译： 在电解装置中限定阳极系统（10）的固体材料（12'）由冰晶石和/或氧化铝（Al 2 O 3）的混合物制成，其中固体材料（12'）接触并围绕阳极（14,14） '）。

公开(公告)号：US06540887B2

公开(公告)日：2003-04-01

申请号：US09897711

申请日：2001-07-02

申请人： Vittorio de Nora

发明人： Vittorio de Nora

IPC分类号： B01D5940

CPC分类号： C25C7/025 ,  C25C3/12

摘要： A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises at least one non-carbon metal-based anode (10) having an electrically conductive metallic structure (12, 13, 15) which is suspended substantially parallel to a facing cathode (20, 21, 22). Such metallic structure (12, 13, 15) comprises a series of parallel horizontal anode members (15), each having an electrochemically active surface (16) on which during electrolysis oxygen is anodically evolved. The electrochemically active surfaces (16) are in a generally coplanar arrangement to form the active anode surface. The anode members are spaced apart from one another by inter-member gaps forming flow-through openings (17) for the circulation of electrolyte (30) driven by the escape of anodically-evolved oxygen. The electrolyte (30) may circulate upwardly and/or downwardly in the flow-through openings (17) and possibly around the anode structure (12, 13, 15).

摘要翻译： 用于电解铝的电池包括至少一个非金属金属基阳极（10），其具有基本上平行于面向阴极（20,21,22）悬置的导电金属结构（12,13,15） 。 这种金属结构（12,13,15）包括一系列平行的水平阳极构件（15），每个具有电化学活性表面（16），在电解期间阳极放出氧气。 电化学活性表面（16）处于大致共面的布置中以形成活性阳极表面。 阳极构件通过构件间隙彼此间隔开，形成用于由阳极放出的氧气逸出驱动的电解质（30）循环的流通开口（17）。 电解质（30）可以在流通开口（17）中并且可能在阳极结构（12,13,15）周围向上和/或向下循环。

公开(公告)号：US06291241B1

公开(公告)日：2001-09-18

申请号：US09280366

申请日：1999-03-29

申请人： Trevor Percival Castor ,  Theodore Abraham Tyler ,  Richard Joseph Student

发明人： Trevor Percival Castor ,  Theodore Abraham Tyler ,  Richard Joseph Student

IPC分类号： B01D5940

CPC分类号： A61K36/38 ,  C07C45/78 ,  Y02P20/544 ,  C07C49/743

摘要： St. John's Wort products which have enhanced bioactivity in a serotonin re-uptake assay and enhanced stability are identified and manufactured from Hypericum perforatum biomass with supercritical and near critical fluids with and without polar cosolvents. These fluids are used to fractionate the biomass materials in several sequential steps. In each step, the biomass is subjected to a multiplicity of supercritical or near critical fluid extraction steps, with different solvation conditions used for each fraction. Thus, fractionation of the biomass is effected and the St. John's Wort products are manufactured. In addition to excellent overall yield, the bioactivity and stability of the St. John's Wort products manufactured from Hypericum perforatum biomass with supercritical and near critical fluids with and without polar cosolvents are significantly higher than that obtained by conventional organic phase extraction.

摘要翻译： 在具有和不具有极性助溶剂的超临界和近临界流体的情况下，鉴定并制造了具有提高5-羟色胺再吸收测定和增强稳定性的生物活性的圣约翰草产品。 这些流体用于在几个连续步骤中分解生物质材料。 在每个步骤中，生物质经受多个超临界或近临界流体萃取步骤，每个馏分使用不同的溶剂化条件。 因此，实现生物质的分馏，并且制造圣约翰草产品。 除了优异的总产量外，具有超临界和近临界流体的具有和不具有极性助溶剂的金丝桃生物质生产的圣约翰草产品的生物活性和稳定性显着高于通过常规有机相萃取获得的生物活性和稳定性。