公开(公告)号：WO2004114445A1

公开(公告)日：2004-12-29

申请号：PCT/US2004/013719

申请日：2004-05-03

Applicant: ARIZONA BOARD OF REGENTS a body corporate acting On behalf of ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY ,  ANGELL, C., Austen ,  XU, Wu ,  BELIERES, Jean-Philippe ,  YOSHIZAWA, Masahiro

Inventor： ANGELL, C., Austen ,  XU, Wu ,  BELIERES, Jean-Philippe ,  YOSHIZAWA, Masahiro

IPC: H01M8/00

CPC classification number: H01M8/144 ,  H01M8/1016 ,  H01M8/14 ,  H01M2300/0005 ,  H01M2300/0022 ,  H01M2300/0048 ,  H01M2300/0054 ,  H01M2300/0062 ,  H01M2300/0085 ,  H01M2300/0091 ,  Y02P70/56

Abstract: Disclosed are developments in high temperature fuel cells including ionic liquids with high temperature stability and the storage of inorganic acids as di-anion salts of low volatility. The formation of ionically conducting liquids of this type having conductivities of unprecedented magnitude for non-aqueous systems is described. The stability of the di-anion configuration is shown to play a role in the high performance of the non-corrosive proton-transfer ionic liquids as high temperature fuel cell electrolytes. Performance of simple H 2 (g)electrolyte/O 2 (g) fuel cells with the new electrolytes is described. Superior performance both at ambient temperature and temperatures up to and above 200°C are achieved. Both neutral proton transfer salts and the acid salts with HSO - 4 anions, give good results, the bisulphate case being particularly good at low temperatures and very high temperatures. The performance of all electrolytes is improved by the addition of a small amount of involatile base of pK a value intermediate between those of the acid and base that make the bulk electrolyte. The preferred case is the imidazole-doped ethylammonium hydrogensulfate which yields behavior superior in all respects to that of the industry standard phosphoric acid electrolyte.

Abstract translation: 公开了高温燃料电池的发展，包括具有高温稳定性的离子液体和无机酸作为低挥发性的二阴离子盐的储存。 描述了具有前所未有的非水系统电导率的这种离子导电液体的形成。 二阴离子配置的稳定性显示出在非腐蚀性质子转移离子液体作为高温燃料电池电解质的高性能中起作用。 描述了具有新电解质的简单H 2（g）电解质/ O 2（g）燃料电池的性能。 在环境温度和高于和高于200℃的温度下都能实现卓越的性能。 两种中性质子转移盐和与HSO 4阴离子的酸式盐都能获得良好的结果，硫酸氢盐的情况在低温和非常高的温度下特别好。 所有电解质的性能通过在制造本体电解质的酸和碱之间添加少量pKa值的非挥发性碱而提高。 优选的情况是咪唑掺杂的硫酸氢铵，其产生的行为在所有方面都优于工业标准磷酸电解质。

公开(公告)号：WO1988004104A1

公开(公告)日：1988-06-02

申请号：PCT/JP1987000880

申请日：1987-11-13

Applicant: NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION ,  SAITO, Ken'ichi ,  WADA, Kou ,  YOSHIZAWA, Masahiro

Inventor： NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION

IPC: H01J37/28

CPC classification number: H01J37/28 ,  H01J2237/281

Abstract: An excitation device (51) that generates a strong magnetic field nearly perpendicular to the surface of a specimen is arranged in an apparatus for observation using charged particle beams which irradiates the specimen with charged particle beams and detects the generated secondary electrons to observe the surface of the specimen. The secondary electrons emitted from the bottom or side surface of a recess such as a through hole formed in the surface of the specimen (8) are, then, emitted out of the through hole owing to the interaction with the strong magnetic field. A focusing lens (50) is so arranged that a point of focusing of charged particles exists between the focusing lens (50) and the specimen (8), the charged particles being formed when the charged particles of the same intensity as that of the irradiating charged particles are supposed to be emitted from the specimen surface, thereby to focus the charged particle (46) at a position of the point of focusing. Even when the specimen (8) is subjected to the strong magnetic field, therefore, the charged particles (46) can be focused on the upper surface of the specimen. Therefore, a well-defined secondary electron image of the specimen surface can be obtained under the applied strong magnetic field, and the secondary electron image of the bottom or the side of the through hole can be observed.

公开(公告)号：WO2004114445B1

公开(公告)日：2005-02-10

申请号：PCT/US2004013719

申请日：2004-05-03

Applicant: UNIV ARIZONA STATE ,  ANGELL C AUSTEN ,  XU WU ,  BELIERES JEAN-PHILIPPE ,  YOSHIZAWA MASAHIRO

Inventor： ANGELL C AUSTEN ,  XU WU ,  BELIERES JEAN-PHILIPPE ,  YOSHIZAWA MASAHIRO

IPC: H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/10 ,  H01M8/14

CPC classification number: H01M8/144 ,  H01M8/1016 ,  H01M8/14 ,  H01M2300/0005 ,  H01M2300/0022 ,  H01M2300/0048 ,  H01M2300/0054 ,  H01M2300/0062 ,  H01M2300/0085 ,  H01M2300/0091 ,  Y02P70/56

Abstract: Disclosed are developments in high temperature fuel cells including ionic liquids with high temperature stability and the storage of inorganic acids as di-anion salts of low volatility. The formation of ionically conducting liquids of this type having conductivities of unprecedented magnitude for non-aqueous systems is described. The stability of the di-anion configuration is shown to play a role in the high performance of the non-corrosive proton-transfer ionic liquids as high temperature fuel cell electrolytes. Performance of simple H2(g)electrolyte/O2(g) fuel cells with the new electrolytes is described. Superior performance both at ambient temperature and temperatures up to and above 200°C are achieved. Both neutral proton transfer salts and the acid salts with HSO 4 anions, give good results, the bisulphate case being particularly good at low temperatures and very high temperatures. The performance of all electrolytes is improved by the addition of a small amount of involatile base of pKa value intermediate between those of the acid and base that make the bulk electrolyte. The preferred case is the imidazole-doped ethylammonium hydrogensulfate which yields behavior superior in all respects to that of the industry standard phosphoric acid electrolyte.

Abstract translation: 公开了高温燃料电池的发展，包括具有高温稳定性的离子液体和无机酸作为低挥发性的二阴离子盐的储存。 描述了具有前所未有的非水系统电导率的这种离子导电液体的形成。 显示出二阴离子构型的稳定性在高腐蚀性质子转移离子液体作为高温燃料电池电解质的高性能中起作用。 描述了具有新电解质的简单H 2（g）电解质/ O 2（g）燃料电池的性能。 在环境温度和高于和高于200℃的温度下都能实现卓越的性能。 两种中性质子转移盐和具有HSO 4阴离子的酸式盐都具有良好的结果，硫酸氢盐的情况在低温和非常高的温度下特别好。 通过在制造大容量电解质的酸和碱之间添加少量pKa值的非挥发性碱，提高了所有电解质的性能。 优选的情况是咪唑掺杂的硫酸氢铵，其产生在所有方面优于工业标准磷酸电解质的行为。