Abstract:
One aspect of the invention provides a consistent metal electroplating technique to form void-less metal interconnects in sub-micron high aspect ratio features on semiconductor substrates. One embodiment of the invention provides a method for filling sub-micron features (214) on a substrate, comprising reactive precleaning the substrate, depositing a barrier layer (218) on the substrate using high density plasma physical vapor deposition; depositing a seed layer (220) over the barrier layer using high density plasma physical vapor deposition; and electro-chemically depositing a metal (222) using a highly resistive electrolyte and applying a first current density during a first deposition period followed by a second current density during a second period.