Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur chemischen Dekontamination der Oberfläche eines metallischen Bauteils, bei dem - in einer ersten Behandlungsstufe eine auf dem Bauteil durch Korrosion des Bauteilmaterials entstandene Oxidschicht mit einer eine organische Dekontaminationssäure enthaltenen ersten wässerigen Behandlungslösung von der Bauteiloberfläche abgelöst wird, und - in einer sich daran anschließenden zweiten Behandlungsstufe die zumindest teilweise von der Oxidschicht befreite Oberfläche mit einer wässerigen Lösung behandelt wird, die eine Wirkkomponente zur Entfernung von an der Oberfläche haftenden Partikeln enthält, wobei die Wirkkomponente aus wenigstens einem anionischen Tensid aus der Gruppe SuIfonsäuren, Phosphonsäuren, Carbonsäuren und Salze dieser Säuren besteht.
Abstract:
La présente invention concerne un procédé de construction d'une galerie souterraine ou d'un puits permettant d'y placer ultérieurement un bouchon étanche pour une installation souterraine de stockage de déchets dangereux et notamment radioactifs. Ce procédé comprend une excavation d'au moins une longueur déterminée de ladite galerie réalisée en employant une méthode de protection des matériaux, au cours du creusement, dans une partie de ladite galerie destinée à recevoir ultérieurement un bouchon d'étanchéité aux liquides ou aux gaz. La méthode de protection peut être une implantation de soutènements préalable à l'avancée du front de taille, ou le renforcement des fronts de taille successifs par des ancrages consommables, ou par une congélation en avant du front de taille, ou par une combinaison de ces méthodes.
Abstract:
The present invention provides processes to immobilize radioactive and/or hazardous waste in a borosilicate glass, the waste containing one or more of radionuclides, hazardous elements, hazardous compounds, and/or other compounds. The invention also provides borosilicate glass compositions for use in immobilizing radioactive and/or hazardous waste.
Abstract:
An improved radioactive waste (RW) processing is usable, e.g., for reducing radioactivity of wastes produced by nuclear plants. The processing comprises an entry and a base stages. The entry stage is exemplified either by a 'standard' option or an 'own' option encompassing the grinding RW and obtaining a pulp. Both the options provide technological mixture for the base processing, which encompasses intermingling the mixture with predetermined substances, kneading and filtering the mixture, removing wastes, processing the mixture in either a regular or in a special dissolver, or in both. The resulted product is subjected to rotation in a special centrifuge utilizing the Searl effect that allows further reducing the RW radioactivity. The so treated RW is then packed into specially constructed glass containers, or compressed and covered by special glass-mass. Composition and processing instructions for the substances and glass-mass, and the constructions of the special dissolver and centrifuge are disclosed.
Abstract:
An improved radioactive waste (RW) processing is usable, e.g., for reducing radioactivity of wastes produced by nuclear plants. The processing comprises an entry and a base stages. The entry stage is exemplified either by a "standard" option or an "own" option encompassing the grinding RW and obtaining a pulp. Both the options provide technological mixture for the base processing, which encompasses intermingling the mixture with predetermined substances, kneading and filtering the mixture, removing wastes, processing the mixture in either a regular or in a special dissolver, or in both. The resulted product is subjected to rotation in a special centrifuge utilizing the Searl effect that allows further reducing the RW radioactivity. The so treated RW is then packed into specially constructed glass containers, or compressed and covered by special glass-mass. Composition and processing instructions for the substances and glass-mass, and the constructions of the special dissolver and centrifuge are disclosed.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a portable decontamination unit comprising an enclosure (1, 2) and an effluent holding tank (18), wherein the effluent holding tank (18) is provided within the enclosure (1, 2). The decontamination unit may be modular and so include more than one enclosure (1, 2) linked together. Such a unit is usefully employed at an emergency scene where individuals have become contaminated with a harmful substance.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Reinigungsverfahren zur Entfernung von Magnetit enthaltenden Ablagerungen aus einem Druckbehälter eines Kraftwerks, bei dem die Ablagerungen mit einer ein Reduktionsmittel enthaltenden, auf eine erhöhte Reinigungstemperatur erwärmte wässerigen Reinigungslösung behandelt werden, um Eisen-III-Ionen zu Eisen-II-Ionen zu reduzieren. Es zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass eine Reinigungslösung in den Druckbehälter eingebracht wird, die eine Vorsubstanz enthält, welche unter den während der Reinigung vorliegenden Bedingungen das Reduktionsmittel freisetzt. Als Vorsubstanz wird bevorzugt Hexamethylentetramin verwendet.
Abstract:
A decontamination system uses magnetic molecules having ferritin cores to selectively remove target contaminant ions from a solution. The magnetic molecule (101) is based upon a ferritin protein structure and has a central cavity (103) which contains a very small magnetic ferritin core (105) and a selective ion exchange function such as a porphyrin (107) and/or a crown ether (109) attached to its surface. Various types of ion exchange functions can be attached to the magnetic molecules, each of which is designed to remove a specific contaminant such as radioactive ions. The ion exchange functions allow the magnetic molecules to selectively absorb the contaminant ions from a solution while being inert to other non-target ions. The magnetic properties of the magnetic molecule (101) allow the magnetic molecules and the absorbed contaminant ions to be removed from solution by magnetic filtration.
Abstract:
A decontamination system uses magnetic molecules having ferritin cores to selectively remove target contaminant ions from a solution. The magnetic molecule (101) is based upon a ferritin protein structure and has a central cavity (103) which contains a very small magnetic ferritin core (105) and a selective ion exchange function such as a porphyrin (107) and/or a crown ether (109) attached to its surface. Various types of ion exchange functions can be attached to the magnetic molecules, each of which is designed to remove a specific contaminant such as radioactive ions. The ion exchange functions allow the magnetic molecules to selectively absorb the contaminant ions from a solution while being inert to other non-target ions. The magnetic properties of the magnetic molecule (101) allow the magnetic molecules and the absorbed contaminant ions to be removed from solution by magnetic filtration.
Abstract:
A method of stabilizing a waste in a chemically bonded phosphate ceramic (CBPC). The method consists of preparing a slurry including the waste, water, an oxide binder, and a phosphate binder. The slurry is then allowed to cure to a solid, hydrated CBPC matrix. Next, bound water within the solid, hydrated CBPC matrix is removed. Typically, the bound water is removed by applying heat to the cured CBPC matrix. Preferably, the quantity of heat applied to the cured CBPC matrix is sufficient to drive off water bound within the hydrated CBPC matrix, but not to volatalize other non-water components of the matrix, such as metals and radioactive components. Typically, a temperature range of between 100°C-200°C will be sufficient. In another embodiment of the invention wherein the waste and water have been mixed prior to the preparation of the slurry, a select amount of water may be evaporated from the waste and water mixture prior to preparation of the slurry. Another aspect of the invention is a direct anyhydrous CBPC fabrication method wherein water is removed from the slurry by heating and mixing the slurry while allowing the slurry to cure. Additional aspects of the invention are ceramic matrix waste forms prepared by the methods disclosed above.