Abstract:
A method is described for reducing NOx emissions and improving energy efficiency during mineral processing in a rotary kiln (12). The method comprises injection of air (32) with high velocity/high kinetic energy into the kiln to reduce or eliminate stratification of kiln gases. The method can be applied to mix gases in a rotary kiln vessel or in a preheater/pecalciner vessel.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for controlling the kiln gas stream (90, 138) in a conventional long wet or dry process cement kiln (10). A portion of the kiln gas stream (90) can be withdrawn from the rotary kiln vessel (17) at a point upstream, relative to kiln gas flow of the chain system in the mineral drying zone (24). Alternatively, or in conjuction with bypass formation, the apparatus (256) can be used to add tertiary air to the kiln gas stream (90) to promote combustion efficiency downstream of the clinkering zone (28). Use of the present apparatus (56, 156) to form a kiln gas bypass stream (64) enhances operating efficiencies of long kilns by reducing dust loss, by facilitating isolation of high alkali by-product streams, by reducing alkali content of collected kiln dust, by increasing energy efficiency of long kiln operation, and by allowing greater overall control in the cement manufacturing process.
Abstract:
A method of operating a mineral processing kiln includes introducing a quantity of a selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) reducing agent into the kiln. The SNCR reducing agent may be a solid, liquid, or a gas. A mineral processing kiln modified for the implementation of SNCR is also disclosed.