Abstract:
An electrophoretic display (100) has stacked first (104) and second (120) electrophoretic layers, each comprising charged particles (W, C, Y, M) in a fluid (106, 122). The first layer contains particles of white (W) and first color (M) particles and has three optical states (a) white particles adjacent a viewing surface; (b) first color particles lie adjacent the viewing surface; and (c) both types of particles shuttered to allow light to pass through the first layer. The second layer contains particles having second (C) and third (Y) colors and has three optical states (d) second particles (C) adjacent the first layer; (e) third particles (Y) adjacent the first layer; and (f) second (C) and third (Y) particles intermixed within the fluid.
Abstract:
A coating of an encapsulated electrophoretic medium (204) is formed on discrete areas (602) of a substrate (208) by contacting the substrate (208) with a fluid form of the medium (204), and applying a potential difference between the substrate (208) and an electrode (212). The potential difference is varied with time to cause the medium (204) to be deposited upon the discrete areas (602), which are separated by areas where no medium (204) is present. Multiple media may be deposited to allow production of full color displays.
Abstract:
A light modulator (100) comprises a plurality of discrete variable transmission electro-optic layers (106, 120, 128) arranged so that light will pass successively through the plurality of layers (106, 120, 128); the light modulator (100) has a higher transmission range than any of the individual electro-optic layers (106, 120, 128) separately.
Abstract:
A light modulator (100) comprises a plurality of discrete variable transmission electro-optic layers (106, 120, 128) arranged so that light will pass successively through the plurality of layers (106, 120, 128); the light modulator (100) has a higher transmission range than any of the individual electro-optic layers (106, 120, 128) separately.
Abstract:
Various improvements in electrophoretic media and displays intended for use in light modulators are described. These improvements include index matching of the suspending fluid to a continuous phase surrounding the fluid, index matching of a capsule wall to a binder, planarization of a layer containing electrophoretic capsules before application of adhesive thereto, methods for concentrating electrophoretic particles into limited areas of sidewalls of electrophoretic capsules or microcells in the light-transmissive state of the display, and, in the case of light modulators comprising an electrophoretic layer sandwiched between two transparent plates, forming at least one of the plates so as to absorb electromagnetic radiation which adversely affects the electrophoretic layer.
Abstract:
An electro-optic display having a color filter array is produced by attaching together a direct thermal imaging layer (112) and a backplane (102) having a two-dimensional array of pixel electrodes. The direct thermal imaging layer (112) is then exposed to temperatures sufficient to form a plurality of differently colored areas in the direct thermal imaging layer, the plurality of differently colored areas being aligned with the two-dimensional array of pixel electrodes.
Abstract:
The image stability of electrophoretic media, comprising a plurality of particles disposed in a fluid and capable of moving through the fluid upon application of an electric field to the medium, can be improved by including in the fluid a polystyrene. In variable transmission electrophoretic media, haze can be reduced by using as the fluid a mixture of a partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbon and a terpene.
Abstract:
A dielectrophoretic display is shifted from a low frequency closed state to a high frequency open state via a plurality of intermediate frequency states; the use of such multiple frequency steps reduces flicker during the transition. A second type of dielectrophoretic display has a light-transmissive electrode through which the dielectrophoretic medium can be viewed and a conductor connected to the light-transmissive electrode at several points to reduce voltage variations within the light-transmissive electrode.
Abstract:
An electro-optic display comprises, in order, a backplane comprising a plurality of pixel electrodes; a layer of a solid electro-optic medium; a main adhesive layer; and at least one of a light-transmissive protective layer and a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer. The electro-optic layer may be in direct contact with the backplane or separated therefrom by a thin auxiliary layer of adhesive. The main adhesive layer may be colored to provide a color filter array. An inverted front plane laminate useful in forming such a display comprises the same layers except that the backplane is replaced by a release sheet. The display combines good low temperature performance and good resolution at higher temperatures.
Abstract:
The image stability of electrophoretic media, comprising a plurality of particles disposed in a fluid and capable of moving through the fluid upon application of an electric field to the medium, can be improved by including in the fluid a polystyrene. In variable transmission electrophoretic media, haze can be reduced by using as the fluid a mixture of a partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbon and a terpene.