公开(公告)号：WO1993009578A1

公开(公告)日：1993-05-13

申请号：PCT/US1992009287

申请日：1992-11-05

Applicant: CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION

Inventor： CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION ,  LOCKIE, Douglas, Gene

IPC: H01Q25/00

CPC classification number: H01Q1/288 ,  B64G1/22 ,  H01Q25/00 ,  H04B7/2041

Abstract: The Spacecraft Antennas & Beam Steering Methods for Satellite Communication System comprises an advanced active element phased antenna array (10). The present invention utilizes electronic beam steering to provide extremely high gain signals. In one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, a satellite (S) includes an Earth-facing array (10) of hexagonal antenna facets (12) that are mated together along their six-sided boundaries to form a slightly flattened, hemispherical shell. The antenna array (10) is connected to two rectilinear, unfurled, solar panels (14) which trail the body of the spacecraft (S) and provide electrical power. The antenna array (10) is designed to transmit and receive signals from terrestrial units that are located within the footprints (20) produced by the electronically steered beams (19).

Abstract translation: 卫星通信系统的航天器天线和光束转向方法包括先进的有源元件相控天线阵列（10）。 本发明利用电子束转向提供极高的增益信号。 在本发明的一个优选实施例中，卫星（S）包括六边形天线小面（12）的面向对面的阵列（10），它们沿着它们的六边界配合在一起以形成稍微扁平化的半球形壳。 天线阵列（10）连接到跟踪航天器（S）的主体并提供电力的两个直线的，未展开的太阳能电池板（14）。 天线阵列（10）被设计成从位于由电子转向梁（19）产生的脚印（20）内的地面单元发射和接收信号。

公开(公告)号：WO1993009624A1

公开(公告)日：1993-05-13

申请号：PCT/US1992009317

申请日：1992-11-06

Applicant: CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION

Inventor： CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION ,  PATTERSON, David, Palmer ,  LIRON, Moshe, Lerner

IPC: H04L12/56

CPC classification number: H04L12/5601 ,  H04B7/18586 ,  H04B7/18589 ,  H04L45/00 ,  H04L49/101 ,  H04L49/1515 ,  H04L49/1576 ,  H04L49/205 ,  H04L49/25 ,  H04L49/30 ,  H04L49/3009 ,  H04L49/309 ,  H04L2012/5608 ,  H04L2012/5651 ,  H04L2012/5652 ,  H04L2012/5681 ,  H04Q11/0478 ,  H04W40/20

Abstract: The Switching Methods for a Satellite Communication System overcome the limitations encountered by conventional packet switching using virtual circuits. The present invention utilizes a ''datagram'' approach that routes every packet (22) conveyed by the system independently at every node in the network. The packets (22) are directed along an optimized pathway through the network by a fast packet switch (38) that directs traffic based on instructions from an adaptive routing processor (14) that continuously runs an adaptive routing algorithm (16). This adaptive routing processor (14) works together with an input packet processor (28) and a routing cache memory (20) to monitor the rapidly changing topology of each satellite (S) in the constellation and the distribution of traffic among its nodes and links. The input packet processor (28) functions like a gatekeeper or guide that extracts the destination node address (32) from each packet (22) and uses it to access routing information stored in the routing cache memory (20).

Abstract translation: 卫星通信系统的切换方法克服了使用虚拟电路的传统分组交换遇到的限制。 本发明利用一种“数据报”方式，在网络中的每个节点处独立地路由由系统传送的每个分组（22）。 分组（22）沿着通过网络的优化路径通过快速分组交换机（38）引导，快速分组交换机（38）基于来自连续运行自适应路由算法（16）的自适应路由处理器（14）的指令来指导业务。 该自适应路由处理器（14）与输入分组处理器（28）和路由高速缓存存储器（20）一起工作，以监视星座中每个卫星（S）的快速变化的拓扑以及其节点和链路之间的业务分布 。 输入分组处理器（28）的功能类似于从每个分组（22）提取目的地节点地址（32）的网守或指南，并使用它来访问存储在路由高速缓存存储器（20）中的路由信息​​。

公开(公告)号：WO1993009614A1

公开(公告)日：1993-05-13

申请号：PCT/US1992009318

申请日：1992-11-06

Applicant: CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION

Inventor： CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION ,  PATTERSON, David, Palmer ,  STURZA, Mark, Alan

IPC: H04B07/204

CPC classification number: H01Q25/008 ,  H01Q1/288 ,  H01Q3/24 ,  H01Q15/02 ,  H04B7/18532 ,  H04B7/18541 ,  H04B7/2041

Abstract: Beam Compensation Methods pertain to the management of radio beams (11) which are generated by a constellation of satellites (S). These beams (11) are precisely controlled so that they illuminate ''Earth-fixed cells'' as opposed to ''satellite-fixed cells''. In previous satellite communication schemes, spacecraft which are not held stationary over one particular location on the Earth in geo-synchronous orbits fly over large regions of the Earth very rapidly. In a system that employs satellite-fixed cells, the ''footprint'' (10) of the radio beams (11) propagated by the spacecraft defines the zone on the ground called a ''cell'' which is illuminated by the spacecraft. This satellite-fixed cell moves constantly as the spacecraft moves around the globe. In sharp contrast, an ''Earth-fixed cell'' (14) is a stationary region mapped onto the surface of the Earth that has permanent fixed boundaries, just like a city or a state.

Abstract translation: 光束补偿方法涉及由卫星星座（S）产生的无线电波束（11）的管理。 这些光束（11）被精确地控制，使得它们照亮“地球固定电池”而不是“卫星固定电池”。 在以前的卫星通信方案中，在地球同步轨道上的地球上的一个特定位置上没有保持静止的航天器飞速地飞越地球的大部分地区。 在采用卫星固定电池的系统中，由航天器传播的无线电波束（11）的“占用空间”（10）将地面上的区域称为被“航天器”照明的“单元”。 随着航天器在全球各地的移动，卫星固定的小区不断移动。 与此形成鲜明对比的是，“地球固定电池”（14）是映射到地球表面的固定区域，具有永久固定的边界，就像城市或州一样。

公开(公告)号：WO1994002972A1

公开(公告)日：1994-02-03

申请号：PCT/US1993006548

申请日：1993-07-15

Applicant: CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION ,  ENDGATE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION ,  CONDUCTUS, INC. ,  WITHERS, Richard, S.

Inventor： CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION ,  ENDGATE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION ,  CONDUCTUS, INC. ,  LOCKIE, Douglas, Gene ,  BLASING, Raymond, R. ,  JOHNSON, Edwin, F.

IPC: H01Q25/00

CPC classification number: B64G1/22 ,  H01Q1/288 ,  H01Q1/364 ,  H01Q25/00 ,  H04B7/18521

Abstract: A superconducting millimeter wave array (10) is disclosed. In one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the array (10) is enclosed in a cryogenic envelope (16) that has one side that is transparent to microwave radiation. A superconducting microstrip layer (24) formed on a saphire substrate (20) attached to the envelope (16) is coupled to transmit and receive circuitry via a signal waveguide (18). Each microstrip terminal (25) on the superconductor layer (24) is aligned with a slot (29) formed in a slotted ground plane (27) residing next to the superconductor layer (24). A heat reflective dielectric layer (26) is placed next to the superconducting layer (24), and is also adjacent to a layer of conductive radiating elements (30) and a layer of parasitic patches (35). Individual conductive radiating elements (31) and the parasitic patches (35) are also positioned in line with the microstrip terminals (25) and the slots (29) in the ground plane (22).

Abstract translation: 公开了一种超导毫米波阵列（10）。 在本发明的优选实施例之一中，阵列（10）被封闭在具有对微波辐射透明的一侧的低温封套（16）中。 形成在附接到封套（16）上的标记衬底（20）上的超导微带层（24）经由信号波导（18）耦合到发送和接收电路。 超导体层（24）上的每个微带端子（25）与形成在位于超导体层（24）旁边的开槽接地平面（27）中的槽（29）对齐。 热反射介电层（26）放置在超导层（24）旁边，并且还邻近导电辐射元件（30）层和寄生片（35）层。 单独的导电辐射元件（31）和寄生片（35）也被定位成与接地平面（22）中的微带端子（25）和槽（29）成一直线。

公开(公告)号：WO1993009577A1

公开(公告)日：1993-05-13

申请号：PCT/US1992009286

申请日：1992-11-05

Applicant: CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION

Inventor： CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION ,  JHA, Asu, Ram

IPC: H01Q01/24

CPC classification number: H01Q21/065 ,  H01Q1/242 ,  H01Q1/244 ,  H01Q21/205 ,  H04B7/18571

Abstract: Terrestrial antennas (10A, 10B and 10C) which are capable of transmitting and receiving radio signals directly to and from satellites in low Earth orbit are disclosed. The preferred embodiments of the invention employ printed circuit antenna elements (18) measuring only a fraction of an inch (less than 2 cm) in diameter. One embodiment (10A) includes an elevation array residing on a circular surface (14) and an azimuth array residing on a conical surface (12). This first embodiment (10A) resembles a flattened pyramid. Both the top and the curved exterior of the pyramid support circular, slotted, printed circuit patches (18). Other embodiment of the invention employ hemispherical (10B) or cylindrical (10C) configurations.

Abstract translation: 公开了能够直接向低地球轨道卫星发射和接收无线电信号的地面天线（10A，10B和10C）。 本发明的优选实施例采用仅测量直径的一英寸（小于2厘米）的印刷电路天线元件（18）。 一个实施例（10A）包括驻留在圆形表面（14）上的仰角阵列和驻留在锥形表面（12）上的方位阵列。 该第一实施例（10A）类似于扁平金字塔。 金字塔的顶部和弯曲外部均支撑圆形，开槽的印刷电路板（18）。 本发明的其他实施例采用半球形（10B）或圆柱形（10C）构型。

公开(公告)号：WO1993009613A1

公开(公告)日：1993-05-13

申请号：PCT/US1992008966

申请日：1992-10-27

Applicant: CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION

Inventor： CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION ,  TUCK, Edward, Fenton ,  PATTERSON, David, Palmer ,  LOCKIE, Douglas, Gene ,  STUART, James, R. ,  STURZA, Mark, Alan ,  ASHFORD, Donald, A. ,  BROWN, Alison, K. ,  GRENCIONS, Vilnis, G. ,  JHA, Asu, Ram ,  LIRON, Moshe, Lerner ,  WACKERNAGEL, H., Beat +di

IPC: H04B07/185

CPC classification number: H04B7/2041 ,  H01Q1/242 ,  H01Q1/244 ,  H01Q1/288 ,  H01Q3/24 ,  H01Q3/242 ,  H01Q3/2605 ,  H01Q5/378 ,  H01Q15/02 ,  H01Q21/065 ,  H01Q21/20 ,  H01Q25/008 ,  H04B7/18521 ,  H04B7/18552 ,  H04B7/18578 ,  H04B7/18584 ,  H04B7/195

Abstract: The disclosed satellite communication system comprises a dynamic constellation (C) of satellites (S). The system includes a number of low-earth orbiting spacecraft (S) which travel in orbital planes. Each of the individual spacecraft (S) functions as an independent sovereign switch which knows the position of its neighbors, and independently handles traffic without ground control. The satellites (S) are capable of transporting calls directly to users of portable, mobile and fixed radio terminals; and via gateways to users of the public switched telephone network. The present invention offers direct communication between satellites (S) of the constellation (C) and individuals using lightweight, portable telephones. The direct link is made possible by miniature antennas (210) coupled to the handheld phones.

Abstract translation: 所公开的卫星通信系统包括卫星的动态星座（C）（S）。 该系统包括一些在轨道平面上行进的低地球轨道航天器（S）。 每个单个航天器（S）作为一个独立的主权交换机，其知道其邻居的位置，并且独立地处理没有地面控制的交通。 卫星（S）能够直接向便携式，移动和固定无线电终端的用户传送呼叫; 并通过网关到公共交换电话网络的用户。 本发明提供了星座（C）的卫星（S）和使用轻便便携式电话的个人之间的直接通信。 通过耦合到手持电话的微型天线（210）可以实现直接链路。

公开(公告)号：WO1993009029A1

公开(公告)日：1993-05-13

申请号：PCT/US1992009288

申请日：1992-11-05

Applicant: CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION

Inventor： CALLING COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION ,  STUART, James, R. ,  PATTERSON, David, Palmer

IPC: B64G01/10

CPC classification number: B64G1/1085 ,  B64G1/002 ,  B64G1/1021 ,  B64G1/222 ,  B64G1/44 ,  Y10S136/292

Abstract: A series of spacecraft designs (10, 32 and 118) for a Satellite Communication System is disclosed. One of the preferred embodiments of the invention called "Domesat" (10) includes a hemispherical, high-gain, electronically-steered antenna array (12) that is always pointed toward the Earth (E). Hexagonal antenna panels (14) are held together by tubular and spherical connectors (28 and 30). The upper portion of the satellite (10) incorporates a space-facing array (18) of panels (20) which are always pointed toward the zenith (Z). The interior of the dome-shaped antenna array (12) is used to store solar cell panels (16) which unfurl through an opening (15) in the space-facing array (18) when the spacecraft (10) reaches its final orbit. Another embodiment of the invention called "Batsat" (118) comprises a central body (120) and two arms (122 and 124) that include disc-shaped antenna panels (131-139) and solar/thermal panels (140 and 141).

Abstract translation: 公开了一系列用于卫星通信系统的航天器设计（10,32和118）。 称为“Domesat”（10）的本发明的优选实施例之一包括总是指向地球（E）的半球形高增益电子转向天线阵列（12）。 六角形天线板（14）通过管状和球形连接器（28和30）保持在一起。 卫星（10）的上部包括总是指向天顶（Z）的面板（20）的面向空间的阵列（18）。 圆顶形天线阵列（12）的内部用于存储太空电池板（16），当太空飞船（10）到达其最终轨道时，太阳能电池板（16）通过空间对置阵列（18）中的开口（15）展开。 称为“Batsat”（118）的本发明的另一实施例包括中心体（120）和包括盘形天线面板（131-139）和太阳能/热面板（140和141）的两个臂（122和124）。