Abstract:
A twisted nematic liquid crystal-based electro-optic modulator with a twist angle between 0 DEG and 90 DEG , and preferably between 50 DEG and 80 DEG is provided. The modulator provides a relatively rapid switching time such as less than about 50 milliseconds, and provides relatively large extinction ratios, such as greater than -25 dB. Preferably the liquid crystal entrance director (216) differs from the polarization direction (222) by a beta angle of about 15 DEG .