Abstract:
Process and systems for making a synthesis gas. The process includes reacting a fuel and an oxidant in a combustion zone within a reverse flow reactor under combustion conditions to produce a flue gas that includes CO2 and O2 and to heat a conversion zone within the reverse flow reactor. An anode input stream that includes H2, a reformable fuel, or a mixture thereof is introduced into an anode of a molten carbonate fuel cell. A cathode input stream that includes at least a portion of the flue gas is introduced into a cathode of the molten carbonate fuel cell. The molten carbonate fuel cell is operated to generate electricity, a cathode exhaust, and an anode exhaust. At least a portion of the anode exhaust is exposed to a catalyst in the conversion zone to produce a synthesis gas.
Abstract:
Provided are methods of producing polymers with broadened molecular weight and/or composition distribution in a continuous homogeneous polymerization system utilizing reactor temperature gradients, reactor polymer concentration gradients, monomer concentration gradients, catalyst concentration gradients, and combinations thereof in the polymerization reactor. Such methods are particularly suitable when utilizing metallocene catalysts and other single-site catalysts, which generally produce polymers with narrow molecular weight and composition distribution.
Abstract:
Provided is a heat-seal resin. The resin includes 5 wt% to 95 wt% of a first copolymer and 95 wt% to 5 wt% of a second copolymer based on the total weight of the resin. The first copolymer and the second copolymer together are 90 wt% or more of the total weight of the resin. The first copolymer includes a first monomer of an alphaolefin of 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a second monomer selected from a second monomer of an alphaolefin of 2 to 8 carbon atoms. The first monomer and the second monomer of the first copolymer are different. The first copolymer has an MFR of from 5 to 1000 g/ 10 minutes and a T fm of 66°C to 80°C. The second copolymer includes a first monomer of an alphaolefin of 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a second monomer selected from a second monomer of an alphaolefin of 2 to 8 carbon atoms. The first monomer and the second monomer of the second copolymer are different. The second copolymer has an MFR of from 0.5 to 5 g/ 10 minutes and a T fm of 45°C to 66°C, wherein the first copolymer has an MFR of at least 2 g/10 minutes greater and a T fm of at least 10°C greater than the second copolymer. There is also a package formed partly or entirely of the resin.
Abstract:
A process for fluid phase in-line blending of polymers. The process includes providing two or more reactor trains configured in parallel and a separator for product blending and product-feed separation; contacting in at least one of the parallel reactor trains olefin monomers having three or more carbon atoms, catalyst systems, optional comonomers, optional scavengers, and optional inert diluents or inert solvents, at a temperature above the solid-fluid phase transition temperature of the polymerization system and a pressure no lower than 10 MPa below the cloud point pressure of the polymerization system and less than 1500 MPa; forming a reactor effluent including a homogeneous fluid phase polymer-monomer mixture in each parallel reactor train; combining the reactor effluent from each parallel reactor; and passing the combined reactor effluent through the separator.
Abstract:
This invention relates to a process for polymerizing olefins, comprising the steps of: (a) contacting in one or more reactors, in a dense fluid homogeneous polymerization system, olefin monomers having three or more carbon atoms present at 30 weight % or more (based upon the weight of the monomers and comonomers entering the reactor), with: 1) one or more catalyst compounds, 2) one or more activators, 3) from 0 to 50 mole % comonomer (based upon the amount of the monomers and comonomers entering the reactor), and 4) 0 to 40 wt % diluent or solvent (based upon the weight of the polymerization system), at a temperature above the crystallization temperature of the polymerization system and a pressure no lower than 10 MPa below the cloud point pressure of the polymerization system and less than 200 MPa, where the polymerization system comprises the monomers, any comonomer present, any diluent or solvent present, any scavenger present, and the polymer product; (b) forming a reactor effluent comprising a polymer-monomer mixture; (c) optionally heating the polymer-monomer mixture of (b) after it exits the reactor and before or after the pressure is reduced in step (e); (d) collecting the polymer-monomer mixture of (b) in a separation vessel; (e) reducing the pressure of the reactor effluent comprising the polymer-monomer mixture of (b) below the cloud point pressure to form a two-phase mixture comprising a polymer-rich phase and a monomer rich phase either before or after collecting the polymer-monomer mixture in the separation vessel where the pressure in the reactor (or at least one reactor if more than one is in use) is between 7 and 100 MPa higher than the pressure in the separation vessel and the temperature in the separation vessel is above the crystallization temperature of the polymer or above 80°C if the polymer has no crystallization temperature, whichever is higher; (f) separating the monomer-rich phase from the polymer-rich phase; (g) recycling the separated monomer-rich phase to one or more reactors of (a); and (h) recovering polymer from the polymer-rich phase.
Abstract:
Processes for feeding ethylene into a polymerization system operating in a liquid phase or supercritical phase, including providing a low -pressure ethylene stream, one or more low-pressure C3 to C20 monomer streams, an optional low-pressure inert solvent/diluent stream, and one or more reactors, metering and mixing the streams together to form an ethylene-carrying low-pressure blended liquid feed stream, pressurizing the ethylene-carrying low-pressure blended liquid feed stream to the polymenzation system pressure with one or more high-pressure pumps to form an ethylene-carrying high-pressure blended reactor feed stream, and feeding the ethylene- carrying high-pressure blended reactor feed stream to the one or more reactors. The monomer recycle stream may also be optionally blended with the ethylene feed stream and the C3 to C20 higher olefin before being pressurized to the reactor pressure.
Abstract:
This invention relates to an isotactic propylene homopolymer having: more than 15 and less than 100 regio defects (sum of 2,1-erythro and 2,1-threo insertions and 3,1-isomerizations ) per 10,000 propylene units; an Mw of 35000 g/mol or more; a peak melting temperature of greater than 149 0C; anmmmm pentad fraction of 0.85 or more; a heat of fusion of 80 J/g or more; and a peak melting temperature minus peak crystallization temperature (Tmp-Tcp) of less than or equal to (0.907 times Tmp) minus 99.64 (Tmp-Tcp
Abstract:
An in-line fluid phase process for blending low crystallinity polymer components (LCPCs) and high crystallinity polymer components (HCPCs) to form pellet-stable polyolefin pellets is provided. The in-line process for producing the blend includes providing two or more parallel reactor trains and one or more separators for product blending and product-feed separation; wherein the two or more reactor trains producting the LCPC and HCPC blend components operate under fluid phase bulk homogeneous conditions, and at least one of the reactor trains operates under supercritical conditions. The HCPC blend component is a high crystallinity polypropylene-based polymer. The LCPC blend component is a low crystallinity ethylene-based or propylene-based polymer. The resultant blend pellets exhibit a reduced tendency or an eliminated tendency to agglomerate during shipping, handling and storage.
Abstract:
A process for fluid phase in-line blending of plasticized polymers by providing two or more reactor trains configured in parallel and a separator, wherein one or more of the trains produces one or more polymers and another produces one or more plasticizers; contacting in at least one train olefin monomers, catalyst systems, optional comonomers, scavengers, diluents or solvents, at a temperature above the solid-fluid phase transition temperature of the polymerization system and a pressure no lower than 10 MPa below the cloud point pressure of the polymerization system and less than 1500 MPa; forming a reactor effluent including a homogeneous polymer mixture and plasticizer-monomer mixture in each train; passing the reactor effluents through the separator; maintaining the temperature and pressure within the separator to form a fluid-fluid two-phase system; and separating the phases. The polymer-rich blend phase is conveyed to a downstream finishing stage.
Abstract:
A process for in-line blending of plasticizers and polymers in a single reactor train including one or more serially configured reactors, a high-pressure separator downstream fluidly connected to the train, and one or more storage tanks, wherein the train produces one or more base polymer components and the one or more storage tanks store one or more off-line produced plasticizers; contacting in the reactor train olefin monomers, catalyst systems and optional comonomers, scavengers, diluents or solvents, at a temperature above the solid-fluid phase transition temperature of the polymerization system and a pressure no lower than 10 MPa below the cloud point pressure of the polymerization system and less than 1500 MPa, forming a reactor effluent including a homogeneous mixture; passing the reactor effluent through theseparator to separate a monomer-rich phase from a polymer-rich phase; and feeding the plasticizers to the process after the reactor train.