Abstract:
A process for the conversion of sulphur dioxide contained in a feed gas to sulphur trioxide, comprising the steps of a) alternatingly providing a first feed gas containing a high concentration of sulphur dioxide and a second feed gas containing a low concentration of sulphur dioxide as a process gas, b) preheating the process gas by heat exchange with a heat exchange medium, c) reacting the process gas in the presence of a catalytically active material in a catalytic reaction zone, d) converting at least in part the sulphur dioxide of the process gas into sulphur trioxide contained in a product gas in the catalytic reaction zone, e) cooling the product gas by contact with a heat exchange medium, wherein a thermal buffer zone is provided in relation to one of said process steps, providing thermal energy produced during super-autothermal operation for heating the process gas during sub-autothermal operation.
Abstract:
A helical coil is supported inside a heat exchanger tube by at least one inside protrusion on the inside wall of the tube, the at least one protrusion supports the helical coil on a contact point of the helical coil against downwards movement in the tube and supports the helical coil on the end point of the helical coil against rotational movement in a first rotational direction relative to the tube.
Abstract:
A process for catalytic reduction of NOx in off gases containing SO 3 in which an excess relative to the content of SO 3 of an alkaline adsorbent (3) is injected (2) in the off gas together with the amount of NH 3 (4) required for the NOx-reduction, upstream of a dust filter (10) followed by a catalyst for reduction of NOx by NH 3 at temperatures close to or below the dew point of NH 4 HSO 4 and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 given by the concentration of SO 3 in the off gas and the amount of NH 3 injected in the gas.
Abstract:
A process for removal of SO 2 in off-gases having a temperature of 30-150°C and containing 0.001-1 vol% SO 2 in which the SO 2 is oxidised to H 2 SO 4 by spraying an aqueous solution of H 2 O 2 into the off-gas upstream of an aerosol filter removing the produced sulphuric acid from the off-gas.
Abstract translation:通过将H 2 O 2的水溶液喷射到脱硫气体中,将SO 2氧化成H 2 SO 4的含有0.001-1体积%SO 2的废气中除去SO 2的方法, 在气溶胶过滤器上游的气体,从废气中除去产生的硫酸。
Abstract:
A process for production of ammonium thiosulphate (ATS) from H 2 S, NH 3 and SO 2 , comprising producing ATS in a first absorption step by treating a first stream comprising H 2 S and NH 3 with more than 0.3 mole H 2 S per mole NH 3 with a solution containing ATS and ammonium sulphites said solution being produced in a second absorption step by treating part of the solution from the first absorption step with a second gas stream comprising SO 2 . Said second gas stream is obtained by combusting the H 2 S-containing off gas from the first absorption step supplemented with H 2 S-containing gas imported from other sources and/or by importing SO 2 -containing off gas streams from other sources. The content of NH 3 in the off gas from the second absorber may be decreased by adding the equivalent amount of SO 2 to said off gas upstream of an aerosol filter removing the NH 3 and SO 2 as a solution of NH 4 HSO 3 , which is fed to the first or second absorber, while the off gas from said filter is passed to the atmosphere.
Abstract:
In a broad form the present invention relates to a method for oxidation of a species comprising sulfur in an oxidation state below +4, such as H 2 S, CS 2 , COS and S 8 vapor, to SO 2 said method comprising the step of contacting the gas and an oxidant with a catalytically active material consisting of one or more elements taken from the group consisting of V, W, Ce, Mo, Fe, Ca, Mg, Si, Ti and Al in elemental, oxide, carbide or sulfide form, optionally with the presence of other elements in a concentration below 1 wt %, at a temperature between 180°C and 290°C, 330°C, 360°C or 450°C, with the associated benefit of such a temperature being highly energy effective, and the benefit of said elements having a low tendency to form sulfates under the conditions, with the related benefit of an increased stability of the catalytically active material. The other elements present may be catalytically active noble metals or impurities in the listed materials.
Abstract:
In sulphuric acid production by oxidation of SO 2 into SO 3 and subsequent hydration of SO 3 , from feed gases having a varying SO 2 concentration, the stability and thermal efficiency of the sulphuric acid plant can be increased by configuring the catalytic reaction zone to match the requirements for conversion. This can be done by appropriate flow and reactor configuration, such as by-passing one or more sections of catalytically active materials, or leading the feed gas through a limited catalytic reaction zone in the case of low SO 2 concentration. The associated benefits are catalytic reaction zones having fewer, smaller and more predictable temperature gradients compared to a plant in which the varying feed gas is directed through the same reaction zones. The invention also relates to a reactor for carrying out the process, and a sulphuric acid production process comprising the conversion process.