公开(公告)号：WO2017187397A1

公开(公告)日：2017-11-02

申请号：PCT/IB2017/052465

申请日：2017-04-28

Applicant: NCHAIN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Inventor： WRIGHT, Craig Steven ,  SAVANAH, Stephane

IPC: G06Q20/36 ,  G06F21/30 ,  G06Q10/06 ,  H04W4/00

Abstract: The invention provides a generic operating system for coordinating, controlling and/or influencing the activities of a device. The invention is implemented using a blockchain platform with which the operating system is arranged to interact. The blockchain may be the Bitcoin blockchain. In a preferred embodiment, the device is an Internet of Things (IOT) device. The invention provides a computer-implemented control system and corresponding method for controlling a device, the system comprising a device configured for wireless communication with a network and having an IP address and a public-private key cryptographic key pair associated with the device; a software-implemented control component arranged to monitor the state of a blockchain network and/or transmit blockchain Transactions to the blockchain network; and a set of instructions arranged for execution by the control component to control the functionality of the device. The control component is arranged to access the set of instructions from a stored location which is separate to the device. The instructions may be stored in a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) and accessed for download and installation by the control component from the DHT as and when needed. The location of the DHT and/or instructions may be indicated or provided using metadata provided within a blockchain transaction. The set of instructions may be accessed by the control component using a look-up key which is related to a cryptographic key pair. The control component is provided on or in the device, or in other embodiments can be provided in an off-device location and arranged for wireless communication with the device.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了用于协调，控制和/或影响设备的活动的通用操作系统。 本发明使用操作系统被布置为与之交互的区块链平台来实现。 区块链可能是比特币区块链。 在优选实施例中，该设备是物联网（IOT）设备。 本发明提供了一种用于控制设备的计算机实现的控制系统和对应的方法，所述系统包括被配置用于与网络无线通信并且具有与所述设备相关联的IP地址和公私钥密码密钥对的设备; 软件实现的控制组件，其被布置为监控区块链网络的状态和/或将区块链事务传输到区块链网络; 以及一组指令，其被安排用于由控制组件执行以控制设备的功能。 控制部件被设置为从与设备分离的存储位置访问该组指令。 这些指令可以存储在分布式散列表（DHT）中，并在需要时由DHT进行访问以供控制组件下载和安装。 DHT和/或指令的位置可以使用在区块链交易中提供的元数据来指示或提供。 控制部件可以使用与密码密钥对相关的查找密钥来访问该组指令。 控制组件设置在设备上或设备中，或者在其他实施例中可以设置在设备外的位置并且设置为与设备进行无线通信。

公开(公告)号：WO2017187396A1

公开(公告)日：2017-11-02

申请号：PCT/IB2017/052464

申请日：2017-04-28

Applicant: NCHAIN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Inventor： WRIGHT, Craig Steven ,  SAVANAH, Stephane

IPC: G06Q20/36 ,  G06Q20/38 ,  G06F21/62

CPC classification number: G06Q20/3678 ,  G06F21/6236 ,  G06Q20/3829 ,  H04L9/0637 ,  H04L9/0643 ,  H04L9/3066 ,  H04L9/321 ,  H04L9/3239 ,  H04L9/3242 ,  H04L9/3252 ,  H04L2209/38 ,  H04L2209/56

Abstract: The invention presents a solution in which blockchain Transactions are created to implement the functionality of a logic gate. The invention may be implemented on the Bitcoin platform or an alternative blockchain platform. The transaction includes a locking script which comprises instructions selected so as to implement the functionality of a logic gate such as OR, AND, XOR, NOT and so on. In some examples, the instructions may be provided in a hashed form. When the script is executed (because a second transaction is attempting to spend the output associated with the locking script) the inputs will be processed by the conditional instructions to provide an output of TRUE or FALSE. The second transaction is transmitted to the blockchain network for validation and, if determined to be valid, it will be written to the blockchain. Validation of the second transaction can be interpreted as a TRUE output. Thus, the locking script of the first transaction provides the functionality of the desired logic gate. The invention provides numerous advantages and can be used in a wide variety of applications, such as for the implementation of control systems and processes.

Abstract translation:

本发明提出了一种解决方案，其中创建区块链事务以实现逻辑门的功能。 本发明可以在比特币平台或替代区块链平台上实现。 该事务包括锁定脚本，该锁定脚本包括选择的指令以便实现逻辑门的功能，诸如OR，AND，XOR，NOT等等。 在一些示例中，指令可以以散列形式提供。 当脚本执行时（因为第二个事务正在尝试使用与锁定脚本关联的输出），输入将被条件指令处理以提供TRUE或FALSE输出。 第二笔交易将被传送到区块链网络进行验证，如果确定有效，则会将其写入区块链。 第二个事务的验证可以被解释为TRUE输出。 因此，第一笔交易的锁定脚本提供了所需逻辑门的功能。 本发明提供了许多优点并且可以用于各种各样的应用中，诸如用于控制系统和过程的实现。

公开(公告)号：WO2017145017A1

公开(公告)日：2017-08-31

申请号：PCT/IB2017/050859

申请日：2017-02-16

Applicant: NCHAIN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Inventor： WRIGHT, Craig Steven ,  SAVANAH, Stephane

IPC: G06Q20/38

CPC classification number: G06Q20/06 ,  G06Q20/02 ,  G06Q20/3829 ,  H04L2209/56

Abstract: The invention relates to blockchain technologies such as the Bitcoin ledger, and for the control and performance of secure, efficient exchanges conducted via the blockchain. It comprises tokenisation techniques and methods for embedding metadata in a blockchain transaction. It provides a computer implemented method for performing a transfer, the method comprising scanning entries in a distributed hash table (DHT) distributed across a first network, the DHT comprising a plurality of entries, each entry comprising an invitation to perform an exchange and a link to a transaction on a peer-to-peer (P2P) distributed ledger distributed across a second network, each invitation including metadata comprising an indication of entities to be exchanged and one or more conditions for the exchange; determining a match between a first set of metadata in a first invitation of a first entry from a first user and a second set of metadata in a second invitation of a second entry from a second user, the determining comprising: identifying a match between indications of entities to be exchanged in the first and second invitations; and identifying a match between one or more of the conditions of the first invitation and one or more of the conditions of the second invitation; generating a first exchange transaction; and broadcasting, over the second network, the first exchange transaction for inclusion on a P2P distributed ledger, wherein the first exchange transaction comprises: an indication of a first quantity of a cryptocurrency to be transferred; a first input provided from an output of a transaction on the P2P distributed ledger linked to the first entry; a first script, a first user private key associated with the first user, a first third-party private key associated with a first third-party, wherein the first script comprises: the first set of metadata, a first user public key associated with the first user, the first user public key being a cryptographic pair with the first user private key, and a first third-party public key pair associated with the first third-party, the first third-party public key being a cryptographic pair with the first third-party private key and a first output indicating a transfer of a first quantity of the first entity from the first user to the second user

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及区块链技术，例如比特币分类账，以及用于通过区块链控制和执行安全有效的交换。 它包括用于嵌入区块链交易中元数据的标记化技术和方法。 它提供了用于执行传输的计算机实现的方法，该方法包括扫描分布在第一网络上的分布式散列表（DHT）中的条目，该DHT包括多个条目，每个条目包括执行交换的邀请和链接 涉及分布在第二网络上的对等（P2P）分布式分类帐中的交易，每个邀请包括元数据，所述元数据包括要交换的实体的指示和交换的一个或多个条件; 确定来自第一用户的第一条目的第一邀请中的第一组元数据与来自第二用户的第二条目的第二邀请中的第二组元数据之间的匹配，所述确定包括：识别 在第一次和第二次邀请中交换的实体; 以及识别第一邀请的一个或多个条件与第二邀请的一个或多个条件之间的匹配; 生成第一交换事务; 以及通过所述第二网络广播所述第一交换事务以包含在P2P分布式总账中，其中所述第一交换事务处理包括：要传送的第一数量的加密货币的指示; 从与所述第一条目链接的所述P2P分布式分类帐上的交易的输出提供的第一输入; 第一脚本，与第一用户相关联的第一用户私钥，与第一第三方相关联的第一第三方私钥，其中第一脚本包括：第一组元数据，与第一用户公钥相关联的第一用户公钥 第一用户，第一用户公钥是与第一用户私钥的加密对，以及与第一第三方相关联的第一第三方公钥对，第一第三方公钥是与第一第三方的密码对 第三方私钥和指示第一数量的第一实体从第一用户到第二用户的传输的第一输出

公开(公告)号：WO2017145002A1

公开(公告)日：2017-08-31

申请号：PCT/IB2017/050815

申请日：2017-02-14

Applicant: NCHAIN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Inventor： WRIGHT, Craig Steven ,  SAVANAH, Stephane

IPC: G06Q20/38 ,  H04L9/30 ,  H04L9/32 ,  H04L9/08

CPC classification number: H04L9/3252 ,  H04L9/0841 ,  H04L9/3066 ,  H04L2209/56 ,  H04W12/02 ,  H04W84/18

Abstract: A method (400) of encrypting data at an electronic device (3) where the electronic device is associated with a key device (5). Each device is associated with an asymmetric cryptography pair, each pair including a first private key and a first public key. Respective second private and public keys may be determined based on the first private key, first public key and a deterministic key. A secret may be determined based on the second private and public keys. The data at the electronic device (3) may be encrypted using the determined secret or an encryption key that is based on the secret. Information indicative of the deterministic key may be sent to the key device (5) where the information may be stored.

Abstract translation: 在电子设备（3）处加密数据的方法（400），其中电子设备与密钥设备（5）相关联。 每个设备与非对称密码对相关联，每对包括第一私钥和第一公钥。 可以基于第一私钥，第一公钥和确定性密钥来确定各自的第二私钥和公钥。 秘密可以基于第二私钥和公钥来确定。 电子设备（3）处的数据可以使用确定的秘密或基于秘密的加密密钥来加密。 指示确定性密钥的信息可以被发送到可以存储信息的密钥设备（5）。

公开(公告)号：WO2019034951A1

公开(公告)日：2019-02-21

申请号：PCT/IB2018/055604

申请日：2018-07-26

Applicant: NCHAIN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Inventor： SAVANAH, Stephane ,  WRIGHT, Craig, Steven

IPC: H04L9/08 ,  H04L9/30 ,  H04L9/32

Abstract: A method of sharing a secret value is disclosed. The method comprises distributing respective first shares of a first secret value, known to a first participant (P i ), to a plurality of second participants (P j≠i ), wherein said first shares are encrypted by means of at least one private-public key pair comprising a private key and a public key being an elliptic curve generator point multiplied by the private key and wherein a first threshold number of first shares is required in order to enable a second participant to determine the first secret value. At least one second share of a respective second secret value is received from each of a plurality of second participants, wherein the second shares are encrypted by means of at least one private-public key pair comprising a private key and a public key being an elliptic curve generator point multiplied by the private key, and a second threshold number of second shares is required in order to enable a participant other than that second participant to determine the second secret value. A third share of a third secret value is formed from a plurality of second shares, wherein a third threshold number of third shares is required in order to enable the third secret value to be determined.

公开(公告)号：WO2017195164A1

公开(公告)日：2017-11-16

申请号：PCT/IB2017/052804

申请日：2017-05-12

Applicant: NCHAIN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Inventor： SAVANAH, Stephane ,  WRIGHT, Craig Steven

IPC: G06F21/10 ,  G06F21/60 ,  G06F21/51

Abstract: A computer-implemented method (600) and system (1) for verifying ownership of a computer software after installation and prior to execution using a distributed hash table (13) and a peer- to-peer distributed ledger (14). This may be the Bitcoin blockchain or an alternative implementation. The method includes determining (610) a second user public key associated with a second user (24) from a transaction record stored on the peer-to-peer distributed ledger (14). A second public key associated with the second user may be determined (620) from an entry on the distributed hash table (13). The method further includes comparing (630) the second user public key and the second public key, and verifying (640) the ownership of the computer software based on the comparing of the second user public key and the second public key.

Abstract translation: 一种计算机实现的方法（600）和系统（1），用于在安装之后并且在执行之前使用分布式散列表（13）和对等分布式系统（1）来验证计算机软件的所有权 分类帐（14）。 这可能是比特币区块链或替代实施。 该方法包括根据存储在对等分布式分类账（14）上的交易记录来确定（610）与第二用户（24）相关联的第二用户公钥。 可以从分布式散列表（13）上的条目确定（620）与第二用户相关联的第二公钥。 该方法还包括比较（630）第二用户公钥和第二公钥，以及基于第二用户公钥和第二公钥的比较来验证（640）计算机软件的所有权。

公开(公告)号：WO2017178956A1

公开(公告)日：2017-10-19

申请号：PCT/IB2017/052062

申请日：2017-04-10

Applicant: NCHAIN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Inventor： WRIGHT, Craig Steven ,  SAVANAH, Stephane

IPC: G06Q40/02 ,  G06Q20/06 ,  G06F21/30

CPC classification number: G06Q20/401 ,  G06F21/645 ,  G06Q20/065 ,  G06Q20/3678 ,  G06Q40/025 ,  G06Q2220/10 ,  H04L9/0637 ,  H04L9/3236 ,  H04L9/3242 ,  H04L9/3297 ,  H04L2209/38 ,  H04L2209/56

Abstract: The invention comprise s a computer - implemented method and system for control ling an exchange process, such as a loan, conducted between at least two parties via a blockchain such as the Bitcoi n blockchain. A method according to the invention may comprise the step of generating a first blockchain transaction which includes a redeem script. The redeem script comprises a cryptographic public key associated with an initiating party and metadata w hich includes a hash of an exchange - related document; a redeem address; and an amount of digital currency. A second blockchain transaction is generated and published to the blockchain so as to spend the digital currency to the redeem address. This provid es the advantage that the further transaction will be publically available and thus detectable by other parties once it has been published. The further transaction can provide the information necessary to trigger a response e.g. an offer from another (res ponding) party who publishes their response on the blockchain. Thus, the exchange process can be implemented via a multi - transaction mechanism on the blockchain rather than an alternative medium. The exchange related document may be an invitation (offer/ request) which is stored off - block in a repository such as a Distributed Hash Table (DHT). The invitation may be an invitation to engage in a contract. A smart contract (and associated blockchain transaction) may be formed upon condition that a plurality of participants (e.g. lenders/borrowers) are matched with each other via one or more responses effected via transactions on the blockchain.

Abstract translation: 本发明包括计算机实现的方法和系统，用于控制至少两方之间通过区块链（比如Bitco n区块链）进行的交换过程（例如贷款）。 根据本发明的方法可以包括产生包括兑换脚本的第一区块链交易的步骤。 兑换脚本包括与发起方相关联的密码公钥和包括交换相关文档的散列的元数据; 赎回地址; 和一定数量的数字货币。 生成第二块区块链交易并将其发布到区块链，以便将数字货币用于兑换地址。 这提供了这样的优点，即进一步的交易将公开可用，并且一旦其发布就可以由其他方检测。 进一步的交易可以提供触发响应所必需的信息，例如 来自另一个（res ponding）派对的人员在区块链上发布他们的回应。 因此，交易过程可以通过区块链上的多重交易机制而不是另一种替代媒介来实现。 交换相关文档可以是在分布式散列表（DHT）等存储库中存储的邀请（要约/请求）。 邀请可能是邀请参与合同。 在多个参与者（例如贷方/借方）经由经由区块链上的交易实现的一个或多个响应彼此匹配的条件下，可以形成智能合同（和相关联的区块链交易）。

公开(公告)号：WO2017145019A1

公开(公告)日：2017-08-31

申请号：PCT/IB2017/050865

申请日：2017-02-16

Applicant: NCHAIN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Inventor： WRIGHT, Craig Steven ,  SAVANAH, Stephane

IPC: H04L9/00 ,  G06Q30/06 ,  G06Q20/36

CPC classification number: G06Q20/02 ,  G06Q2220/12 ,  H04L9/0836 ,  H04L9/0891 ,  H04L9/3066 ,  H04L9/321 ,  H04L9/3236 ,  H04L9/3247 ,  H04L2209/38 ,  H04L2209/56

Abstract: The invention relates to the fields of tokenisation, blockchain and smart contract technologies. It provides a technical arrangement which simplifies the automated management of contracts. The invention comprises a method and system which use a computer-based repository for storage of the contract. The contract is then represented by a transaction on the blockchain. Metadata within the transaction's script includes a hash of the contract and a means of identifying its location within the repository. The transaction also includes an unspent output (UTXO) which indicates its status as an open (ie not terminated) contract. The contract is terminated by spending the output at a later point in time, for example, using n Lock Time + Check Lock Time Verify (CLTV). By combining this concept with other techniques and computing components, the invention can provide a powerful mechanism for implementing various tasks such as renewing or rolling over the contract, or dividing it into sub-contracts or conditions. Furthermore, as the status and existence of the contract is evidence via the blockchain, this provides a permanent, publicly visible and non-alterable record of the contract.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及标记化，区块链和智能合约技术领域。 它提供了简化合同自动化管理的技术安排。 本发明包括使用基于计算机的储存库来存储合同的方法和系统。 然后该合同由区块链上的交易表示。 交易脚本中的元数据包括合约的哈希值以及在储存库中识别其位置的方法。 交易还包括一个未用完的输出（UTXO），表明其状态为开放（即未终止）的合约。 例如，使用锁定时间+检查锁定时间验证（CLTV），合约将在稍后的时间点消耗输出而终止。 通过将该概念与其他技术和计算组件结合，本发明可以提供强大的机制来执行各种任务，诸如更新或滚动合同，或者将其划分为子合同或条件。 此外，由于合同的地位和存在是通过区块链获得的证据，因此这为合同提供了永久的，公开可见和不可更改的记录。

公开(公告)号：WO2017145010A1

公开(公告)日：2017-08-31

申请号：PCT/IB2017/050829

申请日：2017-02-14

Applicant: NCHAIN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Inventor： WRIGHT, Craig Steven ,  SAVANAH, Stephane

IPC: G06Q20/38

CPC classification number: G06Q20/3678 ,  G06Q20/3829 ,  G06Q20/389 ,  H04L2209/56

Abstract: The invention provides a computer- implemented solution for controlling access to a computer-related resource such as, for example, a digital wallet. In one or more embodiments, the wallet may be implemented using a blockchain such as the Bitcoin blockchain but the invention is not limited in this regard. Use of the invention during the initial set-up of the wallet can enable subsequent operations such as wallet transactions to be handled in a secure manner over an insecure channel such as the internet. A method according to an embodiment of the invention can comprise the steps of splitting a verification element (such as a private key in an asymmetric cryptography pair) into a plurality of shares; determining a common secret at two or more nodes in a network; and using the common secret to transmit at least one share of the verification element between the two or more nodes. The shares can be split such that no share on its own is sufficient to arrive at the verification element. This means that no one party stores the entire private key, providing for enhanced security of the key. Two or more shares are required to restore the key. The shares are stored at separate locations one of which is an independent back-up or safe-storage location. If one of the other shares becomes unavailable, the share can be retrieved from back up to ensure that the key (and thus the controlled resource) is still accessible. To ensure safe transmission of the share(s), the common secret is generated at two different nodes independently of each other and then used to generate an encryption key. The encryption key can be used to encrypt at least one share of the verification element, or a message comprising it, to ensure that the share(s) are transmitted securely.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种用于控制对计算机相关资源（例如数字钱包）的访问的计算机实现的解决方案。 在一个或多个实施例中，钱包可以使用诸如比特币区块链的区块链来实现，但是本发明在这方面不受限制。 在钱包的初始设置期间使用本发明可以使得诸如钱包交易的后续操作能够以安全的方式通过诸如因特网之类的不安全信道来处理。 根据本发明实施例的方法可以包括以下步骤：将验证元素（诸如非对称密码对中的私钥）分割成多个份; 确定网络中两个或更多节点处的公共秘密; 以及使用公共秘密在两个或更多个节点之间传送验证元素的至少一个份额。 股份可以被分割，使得任何股份本身都不足以达到核实要素。 这意味着没有一方存储整个私钥，从而提高了密钥的安全性。 需要两个或更多的份额来恢复密钥。 股份存储在不同的地点，其中一个是独立的备份或安全存储地点。 如果其他共享中的一个不可用，则可以从备份中检索共享以确保密钥（以及受控资源）仍可访问。 为确保共享的安全传输，公共秘密在两个不同的节点上彼此独立生成，然后用于生成加密密钥。 加密密钥可用于加密验证元素的至少一个份额或包含它的消息，以确保共享安全地传输。

公开(公告)号：WO2019008532A1

公开(公告)日：2019-01-10

申请号：PCT/IB2018/054970

申请日：2018-07-05

Applicant: NCHAIN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Inventor： WRIGHT, Craig Steven ,  SAVANAH, Stephane

IPC: G06F8/41

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems which enable additional functionality to be inserted into blockchain scripts with ease and in an effective and manner. According to one embodiment, the invention provides a blockchain-implemented method comprising the steps of arranging a plurality or selection of scripting language primitives to provide, upon execution, the functionality of a high-level scripting language primitive, wherein the scripting language is associated with a blockchain protocol; inserting the plurality of scripting language primitives at least once into a script; and inserting the script into blockchain transaction (Tx). The high-level scripting language primitive may perform, for example, an arithmetic operation such as multiplication or division. The scripting language primitives may be called op-codes, words or commands, and are native to the scripting language. The scripting language may be Script, and the blockchain protocol may be a version of the Bitcoin protocol.