US07810106B2
A data store catalogue service model is disclosed for exposing disparate data store services to clients without requiring explicit knowledge on how to interact with each disparate service. The data store catalogue service model may maintain interaction details for each data store service that clients may access for interacting with those services. The model may also maintain metadata that may describe the different types of services available for access by clients, the data types used by those services, how to access the data provided by the services, and how to communicate semantically with the services for accessing the service's data. Additionally, the data store may include metadata that enables clients to interact with one or more registered data stores in a number of ways, such as for discovering registered data store services, entities, classes, and/or any associations between related entities within the same or among disparate services.
US07810101B2
First data associated with a task originating from one of a plurality of applications may be received via a communications network. Thereafter, an entity to which the task has been assigned may be identified to allow for an associated delivery context to be determined. A format of the first data may be converted so that it is compatible with the determined delivery context to generate second data. This second data may be transmitted to a node associated with the entity via the communications network. A user interface associated with the first node may be operable to initiate one or more transactions associated with the task using the second data. Related techniques, apparatuses, systems, and computer program products are also described.
US07810095B2
Methods and systems for characterizing performance of resources in a production environment are disclosed. Timing information for a plurality of print jobs may be received at a resource characterization system from one or more resources. A service time distribution may be determined based on the timing information. Resource performance for the one or more resources may be characterized based on the service time distribution using a queuing model. One or more performance characteristics may be provided for the one or more resources based on the characterized resource performance.
US07810091B2
The installation of a computer program, such as a malware scanner, may be checked to determine whether or not it has not been tampered with using an installation checking computer program to gather characteristics of the installation of the target computer program after the installation checking computer program has first been validated by a separate further computer. The installation characteristics may include operating system registry entries, installed files list, file sizes and file checksums.
US07810083B2
Method, apparatus and system embodiments to provide user-level creation, control and synchronization of OS-invisible “shreds” of execution via an abstraction layer for a system that includes one or more sequencers that are sequestered from operating system control. For at least one embodiment, the abstraction layer provides sequestration logic, proxy execution logic, transition detection and shred suspension logic, and sequencer arithmetic logic. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.
US07810082B2
Disclosed are systems and methods to automatically transform generic software code into operator specific code. For instance, in one embodiment, there may be an engine for transforming generic software code into operator-specific software code, the engine comprising: a module for reading generic software code, wherein the generic software code includes at least one generic control indication; a processing module including: a module for extracting the at least one generic control indication from the generic software code; a module for determining at least one aspect from the generic control indication, wherein the at least one aspect corresponds to operator specific requirements, a module for determining an integration instruction, a module for inserting the generic control indication with the at least one aspect according to the integration instruction; and a module for generating operator-specific software code which includes the at least one aspect.
US07810080B2
Automated (e.g., compiler implemented) techniques provide safe secure software development. One exemplary illustrative implementation addresses undefined behavior in the C and C++ programming languages.
US07810076B2
An invention is disclosed for a programming method and system for “passivating” (i.e., temporarily removing) processed data elements from memory in order to make the affected memory available for other processing tasks, thereby improving the “scalability” of a standalone object-oriented application program in accommodating large quantities of users and/or data without completely occupying memory when such a program is deployed as a network or internet-based web application. Specifically, the invention includes programming steps for allowing memory resources allocated to a user of the program to be “freed up”, i.e., temporarily made available to other users and/or programs and then reclaimed when again required by the original user.
US07810075B2
A method and system for generating common trace files for multiple components. In one embodiment, separate trace information is received from multiple components. The separate trace information received from multiple components is integrated into a single common trace file to provide common trace information for multiple components.
US07810074B2
The present invention provides an information processing device, an information processing system, and a program capable of improving security while maintaining convenience to the user. An information processing device 10 includes a magnetic disk 19 which stores application control information including identification information on a file in which an executable application program is stored, such as a file name and a path, and specific information on the file such as a CRC code, and a decision section 111 which decides, when a start request for an application program has been issued, whether or not to permit start of the application program designated by the start request based on the application control information.
US07810072B2
A method, apparatus and computer-usable medium for testing error handling code. The method includes selecting a method signature to be error tested; selecting an error associated with the method signature from a menu; generating an aspect to be used in a pointcut for an exception that is to be thrown for the selected error; invoking code that generates the selected error; and identifying resultant errors caused by a selected component of the selected error.
US07810068B2
Dynamic tutorial generation for user help and user guidance in generating a property of an exemplar object is provided. The user identifies the exemplar object, the object or one of its properties is analyzed, user operations for producing the property of the object are determined, and the determined user operations are presented. Path finding logic may be used to identify a sequence of states using transform operations to reach a goal state with the desired property of the object. Transformation operations may be applied and the resulting states may each be compared to the goal state using a heuristic that yields a similarity metric between each of the resulting states and the goal state.
US07810065B2
System and method for designing an electronic package. A placement manager receives a physical design of an electronic package from a packaging design tool. The placement manager receives design constraints regarding the physical design for the electronic package. The placement manager inserts specifications for at least one de-gassing opening in the physical design for the electronic package, wherein the specification for at least one de-gassing opening are created in accordance with said design constraints regarding said physical design of said electronic package. The placement manager outputs an updated physical design of the electronic package.
US07810060B2
Disclosed is a method that determines critical areas associated with different types of fault mechanisms in an integrated circuit design. The invention does this by constructing individual Voronoi diagrams for critical areas of individual fault mechanisms and a composite Voronoi diagram based on the individual Voronoi diagrams. The invention computes the critical area for composite fault mechanisms of the integrated circuit design based on the composite Voronoi diagram.
US07810045B2
A system provides an improved clinician workflow by providing a composite display image supporting documenting clinical actions, reviewing previous actions and other clinical information and automatically indicating impact of changed clinician data on worker task lists. A user interface system for processing and displaying patient medical information includes at least one repository of information including clinical observation data comprising clinical observations of a particular patient and healthcare worker task data indicating tasks for performance by a healthcare worker. A display generator generates data representing a single composite display image incorporating multiple different image window areas. The multiple different image window areas include a first window area for presenting the clinical observation data and a second window area for presenting the healthcare worker task data and the display image supports user entry of a clinical observation item to change the clinical observation data in the first window area. A data processor detects a clinical observation in the first window is changed and automatically initiates change of the healthcare worker task data in the second window area, in response to the detection.
US07810031B2
An email generation method and system. The method comprises receiving and storing by a computing system, a first data object. The computing system comprises XML files. Each XML file comprises email templates. The computing system receives language identification data identifying a first XML file of the XML files. The first XML file comprises a first set of email templates. The computing system selects the first XML file in response to receiving the first language identification data. The computing system receives template identification data identifying a first email template of the first set of email templates. The computing system selects the first email template in response to receiving the template identification data. The computing system retrieves the first data object stored in the computing system. The computing system automatically generates a first email by incorporating first portions of the first data object into associated sections of the first email template.
US07810024B1
Methods and apparatus implementing systems and techniques for accessing text-based linearized graph data. In general, in one aspect, a method includes obtaining text-based linearized graph data representing a data structure having nodes, and generating node-traversal data for the text-based linearized graph data, where the node-traversal data identifies for each of a subset of nodes in the represented data structure one or more locations in the text-based linearized graph data corresponding to one or more other nodes in the represented data structure, and associating the node-traversal data with the text-based linearized graph data. For example, linear offsets can be added to a document including text-based linearized graph data, such as an XML document, to enable random access to the represented nodes without having to parse the entire document, and without interfering with the generally understood structure and content of the document.
US07810017B2
Improved memory devices, circuitry, and data methods are described that facilitate the detection and correction of data in memory systems or devices by increasing the data area of user data being covered by the ECC code. This averages any possible bit errors over a larger data area and allows a greater number of errors to be corrected by a combining the ECC codes in the coverage area without substantially changing the overall size of ECC codes being stored over a single sector approach. In one embodiment of the present invention, the size of the data block utilized for ECC coverage is variable and can be selected such that differing areas of the memory array or data types can have a differing ECC data coverage sizes. It is also noted that the ECC algorithm, math base or encoding scheme can also be varied between these differing areas of the memory array.
US07810012B1
An improved format is disclosed for storing a randomized data block in a storage device. The data block format includes a data field, an identifier (ID) field for storing an identifier that identifies data stored in the data field, and a randomizer seed field for storing a randomizer seed. An error check character generator generates an ID field error check character utilizing said identifier. The randomizer seed includes the ID field error check character.
US07810004B2
An integrated circuit having a subordinate test interface and method for transmitting digital data is disclosed. The integrated circuit includes at least one test interface that is adapted to write and read data in and from a data memory, the at least one test interface includes, for transmitting and receiving data of different content categories, one signal line each for every content category. The integrated circuit further includes an interface module for receiving and transmitting data, and that the interface module is, via the signal lines, connected with the test interface for transmitting the data of the different content categories.
US07809991B2
One disclosed embodiment may comprise a system that includes a qualification system that qualifies data on an associated bus for capture and provides a qualification signal as a function of at least one signal that describes a characteristic of the data on the associated bus. A data capture system stores qualified data from the associated bus based on the qualification signal and a trigger signal, the trigger signal defining a capture session.
US07809986B2
Health statuses of components expressing a normal, a suspected faulty or a confirmed faulty condition are estimated. Based on results of tests minimal conflicts are identified explaining the test results. Readiness statuses are derived indicating a final value or a non-final value depending on whether or not additional testing of a component is expected to alter the component's health status. In case of non-final value[s], future minimal conflicts are identified expressing all combinations of potentially faulty components being consistent with the set of present minimal conflicts. Based on the minimal conflicts, additional tests are determined being potentially capable of producing results that cause the readiness status to be changed to the final value for one or more components. A status report is generated after evaluation of at least one of the additional tests.
US07809977B2
An I/O device management table that manages the types of I/O devices connected to an I/O switch is provided, and one or plural unallocated I/O devices are defined and registered as standby I/O devices. When a failure occurs in any of I/O devices, the I/O device management table is used to select an I/O device of the same type as the failed I/O device from the standby I/O devices, and the selected I/O device is allocated to a computer to which the failed I/O device is connected. I/O device management can be eased at failure in a computer including an I/O switch device.
US07809976B2
A system and method provides for failover of guest operating systems in a virtual machine environment. During initialization of a computer executing a virtual machine operating system, a first guest operating system allocates a first memory region within a first domain and notifies a second guest operating system operating in a second domain of the allocated first memory region. Similarly, the second guest operating system allocates a second region of memory within the second domain and notifies the first operating system of the allocated second memory region. In the event of a software failure affecting one of the guest operating systems, the surviving guest operating system assumes the identity of the failed operating system and utilizes data stored within the shared memory region to replay to storage devices to render them consistent.
US07809969B2
A method, device, and system are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises transitioning one or more lanes of a multi-lane serial link from a fully operational power state to a low power state and keeping one or more other lanes of the multi-lane serial link in the fully operational power state to allow one or more data transfers across the remaining operational lanes in the link.
US07809966B2
An information processing apparatus includes a communication device configured to communicate with a client apparatus via a network, an application system device configured to implement a previously installed application function, and a power controller configured to, if the communication device receives a request for starting a communication performed by the application system device from the client apparatus when the application system device is in a low power consumption state, restore the application system device from the low power consumption state to a normal power consumption state.
US07809965B2
A computer system including a processor and a fan. The computer system can determine a power usage of the computer system and throttle the processor if the power usage corresponds to operating the fan at an increased acoustic level. The processor is throttled to cool the computer system prior to operating the fan at the increased acoustic level.
US07809954B2
An apparatus for allowing operation of equipment by an authorized operator comprises a biometric scanner 20 receiving a biometric input from an authorized operator, and transmitting an authorization signal as long as the biometric input is received from the authorized operator. The apparatus further includes an equipment control system 18 that allows the equipment to operate substantially only while the equipment control system receives the authorization signal from the biometric scanner 20, and that prevents the equipment from operating shortly after the authorization signal is no longer received from the biometric scanner.
US07809945B2
An examination apparatus includes a receiving part, an acquisition part, and an examination part. The receiving part receives a public key certificate and identification information of the communication device from the device, which conduct the authentication process by using the public key encryption and sends the public key certificate used for the authentication process only to a specific communication partner. The acquisition part acquires information showing the public key certificate corresponding to the identification information, from a location other than the device based on the identification information. And, the examination part examines the device based on whether or not the public key certificate received by the receiving part is proper, by referring to the information acquired by the acquisition part.
US07809942B2
A conditional access method and apparatus for use with a system for controlling of digital TV program start time. Subscriber access is authorized to digital program streams. Content are divided into a plurality of working periods. Each working period of the plurality of working periods is scrambled with a different working key. A working key of a given period is delivered ahead of the given period. The working key is synchronized with scrambling control bits in an header. working keys are inserted into an entitlement control message (ECM) packet, and the ECM packet is encrypted using a service key. A time period is inserted into the ECM packet during which the service key is valid. A service key is inserted in an entitlement.
US07809941B1
A computer-implemented method for generating a hierarchical set of certifiers nodes for a public key infrastructure within an ad-hoc network. The method includes determining at least one potential certifier node that is eligible to become certifier nodes from a set of nodes in an ad-hoc network, creating a new certifier node from the at least one potential certifier node based on a selection criteria, and creating a parent-child relationship with the new certifier node.
US07809938B2
A distributed security system is provided. The distributed security system uses a security policy that is written in a policy language that is transport and security protocol independent as well as independent of cryptographic technologies. This security policy can be expressed using the language to create different security components allowing for greater scalability and flexibility. By abstracting underlying protocols and technologies, multiple environments and platforms can be supported.
US07809931B2
A vector permutation system (100) for a single-instruction multiple-data microprocessor has a set of vector registers (110) which feed vectors to permutation logic (120) and then to a negate block (130) where they are permuted and selectively negated according to control parameters received from a selected one of a set of control registers (140). A control arrangement (145, 150) selects which control register is to provide the control parameters. In this way no separate permutation instructions are necessary or need to be executed, and no permutation parameters need to be stored in the vector registers (10). This leads to higher performance, a smaller vector registers file and hence a smaller size of the microprocessor and better program code density.
US07809929B2
A universal register rename mechanism for instructions with multiple targets using a common destination tag. For each instruction that updates multiple destinations, a single rename entry is allocated to handle all destinations associated with it. A rename entry now consists of a DTAG and a vector to indicate the type of destination(s) that is/are being updated by such a particular instruction. For example, a common DTAG can be assigned to a fixed point unit instruction (FXU) that updates general purpose register (GPR), fixed point exception register (XER), and condition code register (CR) destinations. During flush time, the DTAGs in the recovery link may be used to restore the information indicating that the youngest instruction updates a particular architected register. By using a single, universal rename structure for all types of destinations, a large saving in silicon and power can be realized without the need to sacrifice performance.
US07809928B1
One embodiment of an instruction decoder includes an instruction parser configured to process a first non-operative instruction and to generate a first event signal corresponding to the first non-operative instruction, and a first event multiplexer configured to receive the first event signal from the instruction parser, to select the first event signal from one or more event signals and to transmit the first event signal to an event logic block. The instruction decoder may be implemented in a multithreaded processing unit, such as a shader unit, and the occurrences of the first event signal may be tracked when one or more threads are executed within the processing unit. The resulting event signal count may provide a designer with a better understanding of the behavior of a program, such as a shader program, executed within the processing unit, thereby facilitating overall processing unit and program design.
US07809925B2
A vectorizable execution unit is capable of being operated in a plurality of modes, with the processing lanes in the vectorizable execution unit grouped into different combinations of logical execution units in different modes. By doing so, processing lanes can be selectively grouped together to operate as different types of vector execution units and/or scalar execution units, and if desired, dynamically switched during runtime to process various types of instruction streams in a manner that is best suited for each type of instruction stream. As a consequence, a single vectorizable execution unit may be configurable, e.g., via software control, to operate either as a vector execution or a plurality of scalar execution units.
US07809924B2
Method, system and computer program product for generating effective addresses in a data processing system. A method, in a data processing system, for generating an effective address includes generating a first portion of the effective address by calculating a first plurality of effective address bits of the effective address, and generating a second portion of the effective address by guessing a second plurality of effective address bits of the effective address. By intelligently guessing a plurality of the effective address bits that form the effective address, the effective address can be generated and sent to a translation unit more quickly than in a system in which all the effective address bits of the effective address are calculated. The method and system is particularly suitable for generating effective addresses in a CAM-based effective address translation design in a multi-threaded environment.
US07809918B1
A method, apparatus, and computer-readable medium for providing memory management functions are provided. According to one method, a memory allocation process is exposed that receives a requested memory size with a memory allocation request and returns a pointer to an area of allocated memory of the requested memory size if available. A memory deallocation process is also exposed that receives requests to deallocate previously allocated memory regions in the form of a pointer to the memory region to be deallocated. The allocation and deallocation processes maintain a list of linked lists, each of the linked lists describing an unallocated portion of the memory. Only a single linked list must be updated by the allocation process. The deallocation process adds a new linked list and rebuilds the list of linked lists to merge any linked lists corresponding to adjacent portions of memory.
US07809901B2
Methods and devices are disclosed, such as those involving a solid state memory device that includes a status register configured to be read with a combined parallel and serial read scheme. One such solid state memory includes a status register configured to store a plurality of bits indicative of status information of the memory. One such method of providing status information in the memory device includes providing the status information of a memory device in a parallel form. The method also includes providing the status information in a serial form after providing the status information in a parallel form in response to receiving at least one read command.
US07809898B1
A system and method for detecting mirror inconsistencies in a distributed storage environment. Inconsistencies between mirrors may be detected by comparing session tags among individual storage devices. Each data write may include a tag and storage devices may calculate session tags from the write tags. Additionally, a storage device may keep a history including tags from recent writes. When a client sessions ends, a metadata server may compare the respective session tags from different storage devices to determine whether the mirrors are synchronized. If the session tags do not match, the metadata server may examine the metadata histories from the storage devices to determine a cause for the discrepancy in the session tags. If examining the session histories fails to reveal the discrepancy's source, a metadata server may request individual data block checksums from storage devices to attempt a re-synchronization of the mirrored storage devices.
US07809897B1
Methods of monitoring a computer system. The methods may comprise the steps of calculating a first checksum of a data location and receiving a request from an operation running on the computer system for a lock corresponding to the data location. The methods may also comprise the steps of calculating a second checksum of the data location, and generating an indication if the first checksum and the second checksum are not equivalent. Also, methods of detecting a lock ranking violation in a computer system. The methods may comprise the steps of receiving a request from an operation for a first lock associated with a first data storage location and reviewing a list of locks issued to the operation. The methods may also comprise the step of determining whether the operation possesses a lock ranked higher than the first lock.
US07809896B2
A system, method and computer program product for efficient sharing of memory between first and second applications running under first and second operating systems on a shared hardware system. The hardware system runs a hypervisor that supports concurrent execution of the first and second operating systems, and further includes a region of shared memory managed on behalf of the first and second applications. Techniques are used to avoid preemption when the first application is accessing the shared memory region. In this way, the second application will not be unduly delayed when attempting to access the shared memory region due to delays stemming from the first application's access of the shared memory region. This is especially advantageous when the second application and operating system are adapted for real-time processing. Additional benefits can be obtained by taking steps to minimize memory access faults.
US07809890B2
Systems and methods for increasing the yield of devices incorporating set-associative cache memories by selectively avoiding the use of cache entries that include defects. In one embodiment, a cache replacement manager determines in which of n possible entries data will be replaced. The cache replacement manager is configured to take into account whether each cache entry is defective when determining whether to select that entry as the destination entry for new data. The cache manager unit may implement a least-recently-used policy in selecting the cache entry in which the new data will be replaced. The cache replacement manager then treats any defective entries as if they hold the most recently used data, and thereby avoids selecting defective entries as the destination for new data. In one embodiment, the cache performs index translation before indexing into each set of cache entries in order to effectively redistribute defective entries among the indices.
US07809884B1
A technique provides access to data in a data storage system. The technique involves providing a disk mirroring assembly including a primary mirror and a secondary mirror. The primary mirror has a set of high speed disk drives. Each high speed disk drive is configured to provide data access while rotating platters at a predefined high performance speed. The secondary mirror has a set of moderate speed disk drives. Each moderate speed disk drive is configured to provide data access while rotating platters at a predefined moderate speed which is less than the predefined high performance speed. The technique further involves operating the disk mirroring assembly in a particular power management state, and performing data access operations on the disk mirroring assembly while the disk mirroring assembly operates in the particular power management state.
US07809882B1
Data cache systems are provided that can be implemented on a backend server side, are session independent, support caching of large amounts of data while passing only the required amount of requested data through a network, and support pagination of data in an efficient manner. A backend data cache system may include a special database schema for caching data in a database server, a middleware program for providing application program interfaces to application programs making cache requests, and a cache maintenance program for maintaining cached data sets stored within the database server. Each cache request can be stored as a type of temporary table that is assigned a unique identifier, which can be used during different sessions and/or by different application programs to access cached data sets.
US07809880B2
Systems and methods for managing operation of multiple tape drives in a way so that incoming data is spread or distributed across the multiple tape drives and which may be implemented in one example to continuously accept for recording without interruption from one or more data sources, for example, so that the date is distributed across the multiple tape drives in real time and without interruption as it becomes available from one or more given data sources. Two or more tape drives may be further be managed in a manner such that the multiple drives appear to be a single drive when writing data to, or reading data from, the multiple tape drives.
US07809877B2
A host controller can divide a preliminary process for writing to a memory card, or the like, into a plurality of unit processes for execution. While writing or the like is being performed with respect to a memory card (card 1), a new-card preliminary division process of performing one unit process of the preliminary process with respect to a new memory card (card 2) is repeatedly executed. Thereby, the interrupt time of writing or the like due to the preliminary process of the card 2 is divided and distributed, so that each interrupt time division of writing or the like can be reduced.
US07809875B2
A system and method for writing, by a sender, a message into blocks of a memory space, the memory space being shared by the sender of the message and a receiver of the message, and sending, by the sender, an interrupt corresponding to the message.
US07809870B2
Certain aspects of a method and system for interlocking data integrity for network adapters are disclosed. Aspects of one method may include executing a plurality of interlocking checks within a network adapter. Each interlocking check may comprise receiving a plurality of input check values associated with a plurality of input data packets corresponding to a first protocol. A plurality of check values may be generated which are associated with the plurality of input data packets and a plurality of output data packets corresponding to a second protocol. The data integrity of the plurality of input data packets and the plurality of output data packets may be validated based on one or more comparisons between one or more of the generated plurality of check values and one or more of the received plurality of input check values.
US07809869B2
Methods, systems, and apparatus are disclosed for throttling a point-to-point, serial I/O expansion subsystem within a computing system that include: receiving, by a link configuration module, an external environmental parameter value representing a condition of an environment external to the computing system; determining, by the link configuration module, a link configuration of a communication link for an I/O adapter in a point-to-point, serial I/O expansion subsystem within the computing system in dependence upon the external environmental parameter value; and configuring, by the link configuration module, the communication link for the I/O adapter in dependence upon the link configuration.
US07809866B2
A double interface SD flash memory card includes a SD flash memory card and a USB adaptor. The SD flash memory card has a standard SD card interface and a circuit board, which has a microprocessor and flash memories. The USB adapter has at least a SD interface socket and a USB plug. The SD interface socket can be inserted with a SD flash memory card and the USB plug can be connected to other information devices. The double interface SD flash memory card includes a SD bus interface circuit for the SD flash card, a USB bus interface circuit for a system end, and an interface detection and switching circuit detect if there is an initialized signal from the system interface and switch to the SD bus interface circuit or the USB bus interface circuit based on result of the detection. The microprocessor can detect, identify, and support connecting signal of SD interface or USB interface automatically. When a signal is sent from the SD card interface or the USB card interface, the microprocessor will switch the circuit and relevant electronic elements in the circuit board to support the SD card or the USB card to access the data in the flash memories in the card.
US07809865B2
A method to set a communication speed in a Serial-Attached Small Computer System Interface (“SAS”)/Serial-ATA (“SATA”) distance extender apparatus comprising a plurality of supported communication speeds and a local communication speed, a fibre channel interface, a memory, a processor, and a communication bus interconnecting the SAS/SATA Interface, the Fibre Channel interface, the memory, and the processor. The method detects traffic received by the Fibre Channel interface, and determines if the traffic comprises a SAS/SATA Open Address frame. If the traffic comprises a SAS/SATA Open Address frame, the method then determines if the local communication speed matches a communication speed utilized by an interconnected remote SAS/SATA Interface. If the local communication speed matches a communication speed utilized by an interconnected remote SAS/SATA Interface, the method transmits the traffic using the local SAS/SATA Interface.
US07809864B1
A method and apparatus is provided for a configurable input/output (I/O) interface within an integrated circuit to support a plurality of I/O standards. The configurable I/O interface exhibits a default operation that facilitates hot-swappability, which eliminates current paths within the I/O interface that may be created during plug-and-play operation of the I/O interface. The current paths are eliminated within the I/O interface even while the I/O interface is not receiving operational power, or while the I/O interface is in a power-on reset condition. A programmable option of the configurable I/O interface, on the other hand, alleviates over-voltage conditions while the I/O interface is tri-stated by activating shunt circuitry to conduct a clamp current during the over-voltage condition. The over-voltage condition is further alleviated by passively establishing current paths through existing circuitry within the I/O interface for the duration of the over-voltage condition.
US07809863B2
A command generating and monitoring system includes a command processor configured to determine a command data set from a command input. A monitoring processor is coupled to the command processor and is configured to generate an authentication key by comparing the command data set received from the command processor to a comparison command data set generated by the monitoring processor. A data bus is coupled to the command processor and the monitoring processor. The data bus is configured to receive the command data set and the authentication key for retrieval by a consuming device.
US07809855B2
A communications platform (Centerpost) is disclosed containing a message processing platform along with an XML message format (SmartMessage) which provides for the reception, organization, summarization, filing, storage, synthesis, routing, formatting, and intelligent processing of XML-based electronic messages and SMTP electronic mail from corporations and other senders to fully integrate individuals' existing e-mail boxes, cellular telephones, paging equipment, facsimile machines, wireless and wired telephones, and other devices. The Centerpost platform utilizes a nickname-based routing to enable device specific sending without knowledge of the specific device address. The Centerpost platform provides sender-defined information folios, which enable synthesized filing, viewing and storage of all received SmartMessages, and the platform allows semi-private access control for the user, which allows access by others.
US07809849B2
According to the invention, a method for receiving a program by a user location is disclosed. The program is sent from a content provider. In one step, at least a first segment of each of a first number of programs sent from the content provider before any user request for any of the first number of programs is recorded. The user request for one of the first number of programs is detected. At least a second segment of each of a second number of programs sent from the content provider is also recorded if the user request is not detected before a stagger period expires. The one of the first number of programs is recorded if the user request is detected before the stagger period expires.
US07809844B2
A method is provided to facilitate compliance with wireless communication regulations for a regulatory domain when creating or joining an ad hoc network. The method can include interacting with a driver of a wireless communication device to facilitate compliance. Another method is provided to offer an option to enable or disable prompting to verify a regulatory domain to use to create or join an ad hoc network. Another method is provided for facilitating compliance with wireless communication regulations for a plurality of regulatory domains. The method includes using a common channel as a communication channel for a wireless communication device when joining or creating an ad hoc network, wherein the common channel is common to the plurality of regulatory domains.
US07809843B1
A globally unique identification system for a communications protocol and database is disclosed. A method for generating the globally unique identification code and for generating a compressed globally unique identification code is also described. The communications protocol permits multiple communications sessions to be sent through a single open port of a firewall.
US07809833B2
A method, computer program product or computer system for selecting a target data server from a plurality of data servers in an information system to service a request of a client with a data quality requirement, includes determining a formalized data quality of the client using the data quality requirement, using the formalized data quality of the client and finding a cluster of data servers from the plurality of data servers that can meet the data quality requirement of the client, choosing a select data server from the cluster of data servers, verifying if the select data server can still meet the data quality requirement of the client, and if so, selecting the select data server as the target data server for processing the request, and if not, selecting another data server as the target data server for processing the request.
US07809827B1
A network device comprises a service card (e.g., a lawful intercept (LI) service card) executing a communication protocol to receive, from one or more sources (e.g., law enforcement agents), intercept information specifying at least one destination and criteria for matching one or more packet flows. The network device further includes a network interface card to receive a packet from a network, and a control unit to provide the packet from the interface card to the LI service card. The LI service card executes a flow match detection module that, when the packet matches the criteria of the intercept information, forwards the packet to the destination specified by the intercept information. The network device may provide real-time intercept and relaying of specified network-based communications. Moreover, the techniques described herein allow LEAs to tap packet flows with little delay after specifying intercept information, e.g., within 50 milliseconds, even under high-volume networks.
US07809815B2
A computer based system, computer program product, and method for managing network status message data flow. A computer based system, computer program product, and method are provided for managing the flow rate of network status messages to a remote network operations console. Detailed network status is abstracted into hierarchical levels of detail so that an appropriate level of detail can be provided from a flow control daemon to the requesting network operations console without exceeding a predetermined allocation of bandwidth set aside for network status reporting.
US07809785B2
A computer-implemented method for performing inter-domain communication in a web browser includes receiving first data from a first domain at a router associated with one or more domains other than the first domain, identifying at the router the one or more domains for receiving data associated with the received data, and transmitting second data associated with the received data to the one or more domains.
US07809766B2
A system may include a provider database, a reader database, and a database management system. The provider database may include a provider data area having a plurality of provider block addresses, and the reader database may include a reader data area having a plurality of reader block addresses, and a mapping of provider-specific identifiers to block addresses of the plurality of provider data pages and of reader-specific identifiers to block addresses of the plurality of reader data pages. The database management system may modify a database object of the reader database, the object being is associated with a provider-specific identifier; and modify the mapping to map the provider-specific identifier to a first block address of one of the plurality of reader data pages.
US07809759B1
Various approaches for processing a B+tree data structure of a database are disclosed. In one approach a method determines a pattern of multi-column key values. In response to an insert transaction into the database that requires a new index page and before performing the insert transaction, the method generates a plurality of new multi-column key values based on the pattern and stores one or more of the plurality of multi-column key values in one or more new index pages. Before performing the insert, the method further commits to retentive storage of the one or more new index pages and new data pages as linked to the B+tree. After committing the one or more new index pages and new data pages, the method then proceeds to processes and commits the insert transaction.
US07809751B2
Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, for authorization controlled searching. In general, a search request is received, a database data structure is searched where the data structure is populated with records that include data and criteria for authorization to access the data, and a set of results is presented to a user, where the set of results includes data from the data structure for which a user is authorized the criteria is used to determine which results to include in the set of results. The criteria for authorization to access the data may be simple or complex, and may be based on a formation of associations from multiple layers of associations.
US07809739B2
A method and system for enabling dynamic matching of storage utilization characteristics of a host system application with the characteristics of the available storage pools of an attached distributed storage system, in order to provide an optimal match between the application and selected storage pool. An abstraction manager is provided, enhanced with a storage device configuration utility/module, which performs a series of tasks to (1) obtain/collect the correct configuration information from each connected storage device or storage pools and/or (2) calculate the configuration information when the information is not readily available. The storage device configuration module then normalizes, collates and matches the configuration information to the various applications running on the host system and/or outputs the information to a user/administrator of the host system via a software interface. By using the collected/calculated configuration information, applications are assigned to an optimal storage pool in an intelligent and efficient manner.
US07809731B2
The present invention relates to systems and methods for the reordering of an ordered result set using a weight associated with a query and values associated with items in a result set. The method of the present invention comprises receiving a query and generating a result set comprising content items with associated values. The result set is given an initial ordering based upon the context of the query received. A weight is retrieved corresponding to the received query. Weighted values are assigned to one or more items in the result set by traversing the result set and calculating a weighted value using the weight associated with the received query and the values associated with the items in the result set. The result set is reordered according to the weighted values in descending order. The reordered result set is delivered to the user or client device initiating the query.
US07809730B2
A database engine and optimizer framework support creation of a series of profiling indices over a column having character string data, such as a traditional “varchar” data type. The profiling indices result in a reduction of the number of records that are searched when searching for a sub-string match within that column. In some embodiments, the series of indices are created over a column that is typically searched using the LIKE predicate or some similar technique; these indices indicate for each record whether certain sub-strings may exist in that record's value in the column. Thus, the indices are used to find the rows that may match one or more portions of the particular term being queried or, in other words, eliminate those records that do not have at least a portion of the term to be matched. The number of records actually retrieved and searched for the query sub-string is thereby reduced.
US07809728B2
A recording/playback apparatus records data and contents management information of the data on a randomly accessible recording medium, or plays back the data and contents management information from the recording medium. Upon changing the contents of group management information required to group arbitrary data independently of a file system, and management information, the contents of a playlist indicating a playback sequence of the data are changed. Upon creating a playlist, group management information corresponding to that playlist is automatically created, and a data list to be referred to by the playlist is updated.
US07809727B2
A system and method for clustering unstructured documents is provided. Documents having terms with frequencies of occurrence that satisfy upper and lower edge conditions are selected. Concepts are generated for the selected documents. The selected documents are grouped into clusters of the documents. A weight for each of the clusters is evaluated. A similarity value is determined from the frequencies of occurrence for at least one of the terms from the concepts and the cluster weights for each selected document. Each selected document is assigned into one such cluster based on the similarity value of the selected document.
US07809725B1
Methods, systems and apparatus, including computer program products, for acquiring an experiment schema from a test web page. The test web page is read and parsed to extract a web page experiment schema. The schema can be used by an experimentation system to request corresponding variable content for delivery to web page visitors.
US07809717B1
A method and apparatus is provided for visually coding or sorting search results based on the similarity of the search results to one or more concepts. A search query containing search terms is used to conduct a web search and obtain search results comprising a number of document surrogates describing the located web pages. Concepts are obtained using the search terms and the similarities between the obtained concepts and the search results are evaluated. The search results are then displayed in a manner that indicates the relative similarity of search results to one or more of the determined concepts, such as by sorting the search results based on the level of similarity of the search results to one or more concepts or by providing an accordance indicator with each displayed search result, the accordance indicators indicating the similarity of the corresponding search result with one or more of the concepts.
US07809715B2
A method for handling abbreviations in web queries includes building a dictionary of a plurality of possible word expansions for a plurality of potential abbreviations related to query terms received or anticipated to be received by a search engine; accepting a query including an abbreviation; expanding the abbreviation into one of the plurality of word expansions if a probability that the expansion is correct is above a threshold value, wherein the probability is determined by taking into consideration a context of the abbreviation within the query, wherein the context including at least anchor text; and sending the query with the expanded abbreviation to the search engine to generate a search results page related to the query.
US07809710B2
A system and a method for automatically submitting Web pages to a search engine, which is preferably used for submitting dynamic Web pages, but may optionally be used for any type of Web page. The present invention features a gateway server for providing these Web pages to the search engine, either directly or optionally through an autonomous software search program. Optionally and more preferably, the gateway server modifies the Web page before serving it to the autonomous software search program and/or search engine.
US07809702B2
Provided are a method, system, and article of manufacture for generating from application modifications commands to modify the objects in a repository. An input object including an update to at least one of a plurality of objects in a repository object is received. At least one maintain property associated with at least one of the objects is received. The at least one maintain property indicates whether to maintain the at least one object associated with the maintain property in the repository object that is not indicated in the input object. A determination is made of an object in the repository object that are not indicated in the input object. For the determined object, the maintain property associated with the determined object is used to determine whether to maintain the determined object in the repository object.
US07809691B1
Various systems and methods are disclosed for applying incremental changes prior to initialization of a point-in-time copy. For example, one method involves identifying an incremental change to information stored on a primary device. The incremental change is identified subsequent to a first point in time. The incremental change is applied to a first target device, prior to completing initialization of a second target device. The initialization of the second target device initializes the second target device as a point-in-time copy of the primary device. The point-in-time copy of the primary device is a copy of the primary device at the first point in time.
US07809685B2
A method and apparatus is disclosed herein for logging and/or synchronizing data exchanges. In one embodiment, the method comprises receiving a request from a requester to post data to a first log, identifying the log based on a context identifier in the request indicative of a location of the first log and digital data associated with a document corresponding to the first log, creating a first entry based on data in the request, appending the first log with the first entry, calculating a first identifier based on log entries in the first log, and sending the first identifier to the requester.
US07809682B2
The present invention comprises a method of data synchronization between multiple devices by, in one embodiment, classifying one device to be a primary device and other devices to be subsidiary devices. Synchronization is performed, in one embodiment, by updating the primary device with data from the subsidiary devices, and then updating each subsidiary device using data from the updated primary device. The exemplary data synchronization according to the present invention can accommodate for absent devices, avoid redundant synchronization operations, accommodate for data truncation or translation and preserve synchronization of relationships. The devices may be any one of computers, handheld devices (e.g. a Palm device), personal digital assistants, music devices, and mobile telephones. The data to be synchronized may include any data, and even applications can be synchronized.
US07809681B2
When logs are analyzed, an analysis with consistency is carried out on the presumption that shifting occurs among time stamps of logs output from a plurality of apparatuses engaged in time correction amount. In a log analysis apparatus which receives logs from a plurality of computers for generating a plurality of logs for analysis, for the plurality of logs output from the plurality of computers, a time stamp recorded in each log is corrected based on a time correction log according to a consistency rule among the logs.
US07809680B2
A content distribution system that includes a distributing apparatus that stores content which is distributable to a recipient apparatus. At least some of the content which is designated by the recipient apparatus is distributed by a streaming technique. During distribution of the content by the streaming technique, in response to a saving request from the recipient apparatus, the distributing apparatus generates and transmits a saving permission signal for notifying the recipient apparatus that saving of the content is permitted. As a result, the received content is saved in the recipient apparatus. After the distribution of the content by the streaming technique is completed, the distributing apparatus distributes difference data, which is a portion of the content that has not been saved in the recipient apparatus, by downloading technique.
US07809678B2
The subject invention pertains to systems and methods for interacting with fact dimensions. In particular, systems and methods are disclosed that optimize performance and scalability with respect to processing queries that involve fact dimensions. Furthermore, queries involving fact dimensions can be evaluated in distinct manners. For instance, queries can be processed such that regular dimensions restrict the scope of the data and only fact dimension members that are relevant to that scope are exposed.
US07809671B2
A knowledge transfer system is described for transferring knowledge from expert workers at a client location to apprentice workers at an outsourcing location. The knowledge transfer system includes a memory system configured to store a Knowledge Transfer Plan that defines knowledge and tasks that need to be transferred from the expert workers to the apprentice workers and program code and associated data defining role-specific portals for individual expert workers and apprentice workers. The program code is configured to access the memory system for storage and retrieval of data associated with the role-specific portals. The knowledge transfer system further includes program code which defines one or more collaboration systems for two-way communication between individual expert workers and individual apprentice workers and a multi-media knowledge repository which is configured to store work objects created by the expert workers and the apprentice workers during the knowledge transfer process. The knowledge transfer system further includes portal page creation code which is responsive to predetermined Knowledge Transfer Plan data for configuring the program code and the associated data defining role-specific portals and monitoring and tracking code which monitors progress of individual apprentice workers in fulfilling assigned tasks.
US07809670B2
The present invention is directed to a method and system for automatically classifying an application into an application group which is previously classified in a knowledge base. More specifically, a runtime behavior of an application is captured as a series of events which are monitored and recorded during the execution of the application. The series of events are analyzed to find a proper application group which shares common runtime behavior patterns with the application. The knowledge base of application groups is previously constructed based on a large number of sample applications. The construction of the knowledge base is done in such a manner that each sample application can be classified into application groups based on a set of classification rules in the knowledge base. The set of classification rules are applied to a new application in order to classify the new application into one of the application groups.
US07809666B2
Systems and methods for matching objects against a set of rules are described. The present invention is a novel rule execution algorithm that generally operates with greater efficiency than known algorithms. The algorithm uses a test analyzer to determine the relationships that exist between pairs of tests within a ruleset. Each rule is then translated into loops and tests, and merged into a unified series of loops and tests using the output of the test analyzer. The algorithm then generates pattern matching code corresponding to the unified series of loops and tests for evaluation by a virtual machine, and auxiliary code that provides object manipulations and rule actions at the service of the pattern matching code. In its runtime, the algorithm loads objects into the pattern matching code through an access interface. The pattern matching code is then executed by the virtual machine against the loaded objects.
US07809664B2
A QA robot learns how to answer questions by observing human interaction over online social networks. The QA robot observes the way people ask questions and how other users respond to those questions. In addition, the QA robot observes which questions are most helpful and analyzes those questions to identify the characteristics of those questions that are most helpful. The QA robot then uses those observations to enhance the way it answers questions in the future.
US07809630B2
A method for conducting an auction includes allowing one or more bidders to each bid on one or more resources, and for each of the bidders: determining a priority level; calculating a bid rate interval; and regulating the relative likelihood of the bidder winning the auction. Calculating a bid rate interval is accomplished using at least the determined priority level of the bidder. Regulating the relative likelihood of the bidder winning the auction is accomplished by regulating, based at least on the calculated bid rate interval, the time between successive bids on the one or more resources made by the bidder.
US07809615B2
The recognition of invoices for multiple issuers and multiple recipients is automated. In one approach, many invoices are received. The received invoices are compared to a database of distinguishing features. These distinguishing features are for known templates of invoices from different issuers. Templates are selected for the invoices based on the comparisons to the distinguishing features. This also identifies the issuers for the invoices. Data is extracted from the invoices based on the selected templates. In this way, invoice capture can be automated.
US07809614B2
A tax transaction system, and combined sale and tax transaction systems, are disclosed for use in electronic commerce for the deduction of a tax, which may be a sales tax, value-added tax, or any tax on income related to a transaction or taxing event. A trusted third party server system (300, 1060) may be provided which handles the calculation and/or deduction of a tax, e.g. related to a transaction of the sale of a good or service from a seller (200) to a buyer (100), on behalf of the seller, and which further provides for the remission of the tax to a tax collection agency (500, 1090), and which may perform the entire sale and tax transaction by proxy on behalf of the seller. Software modules (1070) including objects which embody instruction code and data structures to enable integral tax calculation and collection solutions, including multi-jurisdictional tax calculation, remission and reporting, and even real time tax collection at point of sale, are provided. Such modules may form part of a data processing system hosted by a third party to a taxing event transaction, or be distributed in a pervasive manner, such as via the Internet in multiple server locations, as a downloadable client module, embodied in multiple hardware devices such as smartcards, electronic tags, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags.
US07809613B2
A computer-implemented method and system for maintaining a plurality of dealer inventories in a supply chain management system comprising a plurality of dealer inventory data objects representing dealer inventories, a plurality of interfaces for accessing the dealer inventory data objects and a plurality of participants within the supply chain management system, wherein the dealer inventory data objects are stored with the supply chain management system; the dealer inventory data objects located with the supply chain management system of a second participant are owned by a first participant; the participants are accessing the dealer inventory data objects, wherein the first and the second participant having read and write permissions and the further participants having read permissions; and the interfaces are adapted to support online collaboration between the participants.
US07809608B2
A system and method is disclosed for preventing termination of an on-line transaction. In the system, a communication session between an Internet web site and a user terminal over a communication network is provided and a transaction initiating module receives a request from a user of the user terminal to initiate an on-line transaction. A signal receiving module receives a signal after the user attempts to terminate the communication session and prior to the user completing the on-line transaction, and a notification providing module provides a notification to the user after the signal is received.
US07809597B2
In one embodiment, a method for refining a business process model includes receiving business process data pertaining to a first phase of a business process definition from a first class of users, creating a model of a business process using the business process data received from the first class of users, receiving business process data pertaining to a second phase of the business process definition from a second class of users, and augmenting the model of the business process based on the business process data received from the second class of users. The method further includes iteratively refining the model of the business process in response to input provided by the first class of users and/or the second class of users.
US07809583B2
A method for a manufacturer of an information handling system to pay royalties for software preloaded onto an information handling system which includes determining when software that is preloaded onto the information handling system is executed by a user and paying a royalty for the software when the software is executed by the user so as to make the royalty payment based upon a point of use of the software is disclosed.
US07809562B2
A voice recognition system has a recognition dictionary storing voice information, a primary voice recognition means for performing primary voice recognition in response to input voice information pronounced by a user by the use of the recognition dictionary, and a recognition result judging means for deciding whether the primary voice recognition result is to be accepted or rejected. The voice recognition system includes a transceiver means for sending the input voice information of the user to an additional voice recognition means when the primary voice recognition result is rejected by the recognition result decision means and for receiving a secondary voice recognition result produced as a result of secondary voice recognition of the additional voice recognition means, and a recognition result output means for outputting the primary or secondary voice recognition result to an exterior of the voice recognition system. The voice recognition system also includes a settled result input means for receiving settlement information on the primary or secondary voice recognition result and a dictionary content control means for updating said recognition dictionary based on the settlement information.
US07809556B2
The conventional error conceal processing generates a greatly fluctuating irregular sound which is unpleasant to ears and causes a remarkable echo effect and click noise. A notification signal detection unit (301) judges processing for an input frame. In case of an error frame, a sound detection unit (303) makes judgment whether a preceding non-error data frame is a sound signal. If it is a sound frame, a sound copying unit (304) generates a replacing frame. If it is a non-sound frame, a transient signal detection unit (305) judges whether it is an attack signal by the transient signal detection and selects an appropriate area from the preceding non-error frame.
US07809552B2
A method for instance-based sentence boundary determination optimizes a set of criteria based on examples in a corpus, and provides a general domain-independent framework for the task by balancing a comprehensive set of sentence complexity and quality constraints. The characteristics and style of naturally occurring sentences are simulated through the use of semantic grouping and sentence length distribution. The method is parameterized so that it is easily adapts to suit a Natural Language Generation (NLG) system's generation.
US07809551B2
A system for retrieving documents related to a concept from a text corpus includes a set of stored semantic classes which are combinable to express the concept each class including a set of keywords, each set of keywords including at least one keyword. Syntactic rules are applied to identified text portions which include one or more of the keywords. A rule is satisfied when keywords from the first and second semantic classes are in any one of a plurality of syntactic relationships. A concept matching module identifies text portions within the text corpus which include one or more of the keywords, for applying the syntactic rules to the text portions, and for identifying those text portions which satisfy at least one of the rules. Documents to be retrieved may include at least one of the identified text portions.
US07809548B2
The present invention provides a method of processing at least one natural language text using a graph. The method includes determining a plurality of text units based upon the natural language text, associating the plurality of text units with a plurality of graph nodes, and determining at least one connecting relation between at least two of the plurality of text units. The method also includes associating the at least one connecting relation with at least one graph edge connecting at least two of the plurality of graph nodes and determining a plurality of rankings associated with the plurality of graph nodes based upon the at least one graph edge. The method can also include a graphical visualization of at least one important text unit in a natural language text or collection of texts. Methods for word sense disambiguation, keyword extraction, and sentence extraction are also provided.
US07809547B2
As manufacturers of very fast and powerful commodity processors continue to improve the capabilities of their products, it has become practical to emulate the proprietary hardware and operating systems of powerful older computers on platforms built using commodity processors such that the manufacturers of the older computers can provide new systems which allow their customers to continue to use their highly-regarded proprietary legacy software on state-of-the-art new computer systems by emulating the older computer in software that runs on the new systems. In an example of the subject invention, a 64-bit Cobol Virtual Machine instruction provides the capability of adding to or improving the performance of legacy 36-bit Cobol code. Legacy Cobol instructions can be selectively diverted, in the host CPU, to a 64 bit Virtual Machine Implementation. The output legacy and new Cobol code is compiled in a dedicated implementation of the Cobol compiler, and the output of the special purpose compiler is emulated in a special purpose software emulator, separate from the main software emulator that handles the normal 36-bit stream of legacy code.
US07809546B2
A method and system of emulating serial com port communication. A computer processing system has computer-executable operating system instructions including first instructions that interact with a first serial device according to a predefined input/output (I/O) hardware interface. A first serial device has a receive port and a transmit port and has the predefined (I/O) hardware interface. A second serial device has a receive port and a transmit port. The transmit port of the first serial device is in serial communication with the receive port of the second serial device, and the receive port of the first serial device is in serial communication with the transmit port of the second serial device. Computer-executable instructions emulate serial communication port device communication and include instructions that transmit information over another medium in response to receive requests from the second serial device.
US07809541B2
The present invention provides crystalline molecules or molecular complexes which comprise binding pockets of Aurora-2 or its homologues. The invention also provides crystals comprising Aurora-2. The present invention also relates to a computer comprising a data storage medium encoded with the structural coordinates of Aurora-2 binding pockets and methods of using a computer to evaluate the ability of a compound to bind to the molecule or molecular complex. This invention also provides methods of using the structure coordinates to solve the structure of homologous proteins or protein complexes. In addition, this invention provides methods of using the structure coordinates to screen for and design compounds, including inhibitory compounds, that bind to Aurora-2 or homologues thereof.
US07809536B1
A method, system, computer system, and computer-readable medium to provide an interface for defining a model of a particular functionality of an information processing system. Intelligent models can be defined that can be used by an application to discover actual relationship, dependency, or configuration data for components of an information processing system. Models can be defined to include a set of one or more instructions to discover data about an existing information system, where the data are related to the specific information processing function being modeled. Models provide a context for analyzing and evaluating the functionality of an information processing system. The interface can also be used to define the model itself, including components of the model, properties of the components, and relationships between components.
US07809534B2
A simulation tool for an industrial automation system is provided. The tool includes a simulation component that simulates one or more components of an industrial control system. At least one directed model provides one or more suggested parameters or profiles to the simulation component, where the suggested parameters or profiles are derived from data relating to an industry or controls application.
US07809528B2
A method and an apparatus are provided for performing waveform analysis on physiological parameters. In one embodiment, a method includes reading measurement values of a first physiological parameter relating to time, and displaying them as a trend display graph in a trend display area that includes first coordinates representing time and second coordinates representing the measurement values. The method also includes acquiring a time selected in the trend display graph, and displaying, in a waveform display area, waveform data of a second physiological parameter associated with formation of the first physiological parameter during periods before and after the selected time. The waveform display area includes time coordinates. The disclosed embodiments allow medical staff to view the curve of a patient's physiological parameters throughout a monitoring/therapy period. Medical staff may make a detailed analysis of the waveform data in real time, which may provide a basis for making decisions in the following therapy processes.
US07809522B2
An apparatus and method for determining and numerically displaying the volume of an item or any part of the item by passing a manually held sensor member freely movable in both vertical and horizontal directions over and along an item lying on a support surface. Sensor and movement detector arrangements generate signals from which the volume of any segment of the item passed over is calculated. The calculated volume of part or all of the item may be converted into numeric values corresponding to the calculated volume such as weight or price numeric values based on an item density or cost per unit weight factor for the particular type of item on the support surface, whereby numeric weight and cost values of any segment of the item are displayed in a numeric display as the sensor member is passed along the item.
US07809517B1
A system for testing integrated circuit products and other devices under test (DUT) includes a DUT tester, which stimulates the devices under test and analyzes signals from the devices under test. A device interface board transports signals between the DUT tester and the devices under test. A test board is coupled to the device interface board and used to generate measurements associated with the devices under test, such as phase noise or phase jitter measurements. The test board could, for example, include a phase detector for detecting a phase difference between two signals and a control loop for adjusting at least one of the two signals to maintain an average of zero DC volts at an output of the phase detector. A customization module could also be used to customize the test board. The customization module could include a phase shifter, a phase-locked loop synthesizer, and/or an oscillator.
US07809507B2
A lightning detection system (100) includes at least one lightning detector (101-103). The said lightning detector (101-103) includes at least one x-ray detector (110) for providing x-ray data responsive to x-rays received, and an electric field or magnetic field detector (115) for providing electric field or magnetic field data responsive to electric field or magnetic field received. At least one signal processor (122) is coupled to the x-ray detector and the electric field or magnetic field detector. The processor (122) determines whether lightning will strike or has struck proximate to the lightning detector(s) (101-103) based on the x-ray data and electric field or magnetic field data, and can provide a strike point indication having an accuracy of generally better than (100) m.
US07809495B2
A power tool has a drive unit arranged in a tool housing. The drive unit has an internal combustion engine with a cylinder provided with a combustion chamber. A spark plug is arranged at the cylinder. A piston is connected to a crankshaft and reciprocates within the cylinder and delimits the combustion chamber. A central control unit controls the drive unit and has a microprocessor and an ignition control unit, wherein the central control unit is connected by the ignition control unit to the spark plug and triggers a spark at the spark plug as a function of a rotary speed of the crankshaft at an appropriate ignition timing. A data storage device is connected to the central control unit. An energy supply unit provides electric energy. An interface enables, from outside the tool housing, external data access to data of the central control unit.
US07809493B2
An engine model is configured so as to include a crankshaft periphery motion equations computing block, a friction model, an intake air pressure estimation model, an in-cylinder pressure estimation model, a combustion waveform calculation block, an atmospheric pressure correction term calculation block, and an atmospheric temperature correction term calculation block. While combustion is cut off, the friction model is learned and updated using estimated relating to the crank stop position calculated by the engine model and measured data relating to the crank stop position.
US07809484B2
An active front-wheel vehicle steering control system that employs closed-loop control includes an adaptive compensation sub-system that compensates for changes in vehicle dynamic parameters. The control system includes a dynamic parameter estimation sub-system that provides an estimated front cornering compliance and rear cornering compliance based on a steering wheel angle signal, a vehicle lateral acceleration signal, a vehicle yaw rate signal and a vehicle speed signal. The closed-loop control includes active gain for each of vehicle yaw rate, yaw acceleration, side-slip and side-slip rate, all based on the vehicle speed and vehicle dynamic parameter changes for use in generating a steering angle control signal to the front wheels of the vehicle.
US07809475B2
A system and a method of computer controlled irrigation and fertigation composed of one or more sensors positioned in order to quantify the amount of water and/or nutrients that a plant is consuming. By controlling the fertigation, the plant or a part thereof, has improved yield and quality.
US07809473B2
A mass flow controller includes a thermal mass flow sensor in combination with a pressure sensor to provide a mass flow controller that is relatively insensitive to fluctuations in input pressure. The pressure sensor and thermal sensor respectively provide signals to an electronic controller indicating the measured inlet flow rate and the pressure within the dead volume. The electronic controller employs the measured pressure to compensate the measured inlet flow rate and to thereby produce a compensated measure of the outlet flow rate, which may be used to operate a mass flow controller control valve.
US07809467B2
Herein, a picking system and method for picking articles into order containers is disclosed, the system having a picking station which includes in at least one picking bucket, wherein first conveying means are arranged such that articles to be picked, which are picked via the picking buckets directly onto the first conveying means, can be conveyed into an order container associated with a picking order.
US07809464B2
The invention relates to a registration system for sheet fed processing machines that reduces or eliminates the need to calibrate the register and/or timing dials of such a machine. The system uses known measurements and the elapsed time between electrically generated pulses to determine the relative position of processing cylinders in the machine relative the timing of a feed mechanism. The relative positions are displayed in real-time and can be adjusted by an operator. The machine need not be ‘in time’ to properly register the machine.
US07809460B2
A coating and developing apparatus comprises a washing section for washing the surface of a substrate after it has been subjected to a dipping exposure process in an exposing apparatus, and a first substrate carrying means adapted to transfer the substrate carried out from the exposing apparatus after the dipping exposure process to the washing section. The first substrate carrying means is controlled by a control means. Namely, the control means controls the first substrate carrying means such that the substrate can be washed in the washing section in a period of time prior to a time zone in which the size of liquid drops remaining on the substrate due to the dipping exposure process becomes smaller quite rapidly, based on a carrying-out ready signal for the substrate from the exposing apparatus, by using a relationship between the time elapsed from the end of the dipping exposure process and the size of liquid drops remaining on the substrate due to the dipping exposure process.
US07809456B2
A Managing component supply for complex products is achieved by monitoring the delivery performance of component suppliers and optimizing the times at which orders are placed. Supply delivery performance targets are set for each supplier, and component order times are optimized by 1) optimizing safety stock for each component, 2) calculating optimal times to place supply orders in order to maintain the safety stock level, and then 3) iterating safety stock calculations in order to minimize overall inventory costs and maximize supply availability. The process takes into account supply lead times, component costs, and target tolerances for delays in the assembly of components. The effects of changes in supply lead time performance on assembly schedules are projected for planning purposes.
US07809451B2
A method is specified for operating an automation system, wherein a description object appropriate to a type of the respective program code object and a description object reference referencing the respective description object are created when a program code object is instantiated, so that it is possible to completely decouple applications, in other words the program code object as a component of the respective automation solution, and information data compiled in the description object.
US07809448B2
The systems and methods descried herein relate in part to intuitive methods for creation and design of lighting sequences, e.g., for theatrical, entertainment or advertising purposes, using a software interface. Additionally, the lighting sequences can be coordinated with control of additional devices. Also described herein is a controller capable of executing programs for lighting sequences and modifying the output and/or execution of the program based on external signals. In this way, the final output can be made responsive to external stimuli, or even interactive.
US07809434B2
The invention provides a method of estimating cerebral sources of electrical activity from a small subset of EEG channels utilizing existing methods to provide a 3-dimensional, discrete, distributed, linear solution to the inverse problem using inputs consisting of a small number of EEG channels (e.g., 4 channels) augmented with synthetic EEG data for the other channels. The resultant image of cerebral electrical activity in the region of the EEG channels from which data is recorded is of comparable spatial resolution in the corresponding region to images of cerebral electrical activity obtained using a complete set of EEG channels (e.g., using 24 channels).
US07809427B2
A system and a method are provided for estimating the average dielectric properties of a plurality of regions in space. The application of this technique is illustrated for determining the average properties of breast tissue. The knowledge of average properties is important when UWB microwave radar signal processing algorithms are used for tumor detection and localization. The method is an extension of a time-domain inverse scattering algorithm based on the finite-difference time-domain method. A hybrid conjugate gradient optimization is used to minimize a cost function defined between a measured and a calculated total electromagnetic field at a series of antennas. The output of the method is an average set of electromagnetic material parameters that describe specific regions of interest in either a non-dispersive heterogeneous medium or a dispersive heterogeneous medium.
US07809424B2
Off-resonance imaging uses two complementary contrast agents with the first agent (iron-oxide) particles transfected into cells which provide localized signals. The second agent is detected from a change in the off-resonance signal when present in the cells labeled by the first agent.
US07809415B2
A coupling structure includes a first slide member, a second slide member slidably connected to the first slide member so as to be slidable relative to each other, and a spring member. The spring member has two opposite ends and a plurality of resilient turnings arranged in a predetermined sequence so as to have the same turning direction such that the resilient turnings are juxtaposed to one another and extend along a planar direction. The opposite ends of the spring member are connected respectively to the first and second slide members. Movement of the first and second slide members to a first position causes the spring member to possess a restoration force that is capable of retaining the first and second slide members at a second position different from the first position.
US07809414B2
A portable information terminal includes a first casing having a manipulation unit at its surface, a second casing having a display unit at its surface, and a rotation link mechanism linking the first casing and the second casing such that the second casing rotates slidably with respect to the first casing. The rotation link mechanism is configured to allow transition, by one rotating operation, from one to another of a closed state in which the second casing entirely covers the manipulation unit of the first casing and an open state in which the manipulation unit of the first casing is exposed as a result of movement of the second casing that takes an axially symmetric orientation to the center line of the first casing in the open state. Thus, the operation from a closed state up to an open state can all be readily conducted with one hand.
US07809408B2
Aspects of a method and system for a power switch with a slow in-rush current are presented. Aspects of the system may include at least one resistive component, which is coupled between an input control signal and an output stage circuit of a power switch circuit, so as to limit a peak transient current level, which may result from in-rush current delivered by the power switch circuit to a load impedance circuit during a transient time interval during which a voltage level across the load impedance circuit may rise or fall from an initial voltage level to a quiescent voltage level.
US07809403B2
A communication system has a high altitude device having an adaptive antenna with a plurality of main array antenna elements for generating a plurality of communication beams. The system further includes a gateway station coupled to the high altitude device. The gateway station forms a plurality of beams commands by communicating a plurality of control signals to the high altitude device station to form the communication beams.
US07809393B2
A method for setting the transmitted power of a mobile communication device, particularly for a UMTS, involves setting a transmitted power with great accuracy and a good signal-to-noise ratio. The difference between a measurement of the transmitted power of the signal that is applied to the output antenna and a desired value for transmitted power according to power commands from the base station is used to produce the desired transmitted power.
US07809392B2
A method for establishing a call using a mobile terminal includes receiving a message. The method includes receiving a user input based on information in the message. The method includes accessing a communication identifier for a sending party identified in the message based on the user input. The method includes establishing a call using the communication identifier.
US07809391B2
A push-to-talk (PTT) method for optimizing talk burst control in a PTT communication network is provided. The method comprises transmitting a talk burst inquiry from a first PTT terminal to a PTT server requesting a talk burst control message to determine a talk burst state of the first PTT terminal; and receiving from the PTT server the talk burst control message providing the talk burst state of the first PTT terminal, in response to the talk burst inquiry, wherein the talk burst state indicates whether a talk burst request is granted to a second PTT terminal.
US07809390B2
A method for providing information about a push-to-talk communication session includes facilitating a push-to-talk communication session among a plurality of endpoints and receiving from a first endpoint of the plurality of endpoints a request for floor control comprising a request to transmit communications in the communication session. The method includes, in response to receiving the request for floor control, providing to the first endpoint a signal communication indicating a status message and that the first endpoint has been granted floor control in the push-to-talk communication session.
US07809388B1
Systems and methods for selectively replaying voice data. Voice data received in a communication session is both buffered by the device and played by the device. When input is received from a recipient, the voice data currently being received is no longer played and buffered voice data is replayed to the recipient. While the buffered voice data is replayed, the device continues to buffer any voice data received by the device to ensure that the recipient can listen to all of the voice data in the communication session. By only storing voice data in the buffer, replaying the buffered voice data can catch the real-time voice data. At this point, the device reverts to playing voice data being received while continuing to buffer the voice data.
US07809387B2
Methods and apparatus for prioritizing voice call requests during data communication sessions involving a mobile communication device are disclosed. In one illustrative example, an end user invokes a voice call request though a user interface of the mobile device. If this request is made while the mobile device is engaged in a connected data communication service, the mobile device immediately forces the connected data service into a dormant state. In particular, a release order is transmitted to tear down a traffic channel of the connected data service so that the voice call request can be processed. Subsequently, a voice call with the mobile device is established using a new traffic channel. When the voice call is completed, data communications will resume if needed. Advantageously, the mobile device prioritizes voice calls over data communication sessions which may be deemed less time-critical.
US07809382B2
A message distribution center (MDC) is interposed between content providers and a wireless carrier to subjectively examine and direct messages via SMTP based on desired rules (e.g., non-peak hours, paying subscribers only, etc.) using standard SMTP Gateway and other well-known protocols. The MDC includes an individual queue for each subscriber, and the provider is informed through conventional SMTP protocol messages that the short message has been accepted. If the carrier has specifically disallowed service for a particular MIN (e.g., in the case of churning), then the content provider is informed through an SMTP interchange that the recipient is invalid. An MDC provides a single mechanism for interacting with subscribers of multiple carriers, regardless of each carrier's underlying infrastructure. For the carrier, an MDC can protect their SS7 network by intelligently throttling messages and configuring message delivery parameters to be more network friendly. An MDC can receive outside a relevant wireless network recipient handset presence information. In the disclosed embodiment, a content provider communicates with the MDC using SMTP protocol messages, and the MDC communicates with wireless carriers preferably using RMI/SMPP techniques.
US07809375B2
A home wireless router establishes a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) that supports wireless communications within a WLAN service area. The home wireless router further establishes broadband communications via a broadband connection with a VoIP service accumulator. The home wireless router services a plurality of wireless terminals within the WLAN service area, including at least one Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) wireless terminal. The home wireless router determines that a VoIP wireless terminal desires VoIP call servicing. The home wireless router sends a bandwidth reservation request to the VoIP service accumulator to reserve capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call. The home wireless router then receives a bandwidth reservation response from the VoIP service accumulator to confirm reservation of capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call. The home wireless router then services the VoIP call for the VoIP wireless terminal via the WLAN and the broadband connection.
US07809372B2
Discloses are systems, methods, devices, including a method for performing a detach of a terminal registered to a telecommunication network by associating an identification for the terminal, deriving a signature for the identification, and allocating a pair containing the identification and the signature to the terminal. The method includes sending a detach request including the identification and the identification signature from the registered terminal to the network, receiving the detach request at the network side, comparing the received detach request with a record of registration data of the terminal kept at the network side, and detaching the terminal from the network if the received detach request coincides with the record of registration data.
US07809365B2
The invention provides a system and method for managing a mobile station wirelessly. The control software includes a dynamic agent operating program and a group of objects linked to the dynamic agent operating program. Some of the objects allow the mobile station to utilize services, such as accessing the Internet or E-mail services. Additional objects for providing access to new services may be wirelessly transmitted from a management server to the mobile station over the air and stored in the mobile station. Users may selectively delete and download objects to customize the services available through their mobile stations while minimizing the memory requirements of the mobile station.
US07809364B2
Apparatus, and an associated method, for downloading an operational parameter to a mobile station. The operational parameter is stored at a server operated by an operator of a communication system in which the mobile station is operable. When the parameter is to be downloaded to the mobile station, the server instructs a SMS, or other data message, service center to generate a data message to be delivered to the mobile station, instructing the mobile station to initiate a data call connection with the server. When a data call connection is formed, the operational parameter is downloaded to the mobile station, thereafter to be used by the mobile station in subsequent communication operations in the communication system.
US07809345B2
A digital phase locked loop (PLL) includes a digital phase detector, a digital loop filter, a digitally controlled oscillation module, and a variable feedback divider. The digital phase detector is coupled to produce a difference signal based on a phase difference between a reference oscillation and a feedback oscillation. The digital loop filter is coupled to process the difference signal to produce a control signal. The digitally controlled oscillation module is coupled to generate an output oscillation based on the control signal. The variable feedback divider is coupled to produce the feedback oscillation from the output oscillation based on a divider value and a controlled variable delay.
US07809342B2
A customer relationship management (CRM) method using IBOC-radio signals is provided. A message in the radio signal is parsed to obtain a key. The key is compared to a plurality of stored keys. When the received key matches a stored key, a data structure associated with the message is outputted. A device comprising a lookup table with a plurality of stored keys, a tuner unit that receives a CRM in an IBOC signal, and a controller in electrical communication with the lookup table and tuner is provided. The controller comprises (i) instructions for comparing a key in the CRM to one or more stored keys in the plurality of stored keys and (ii) instructions for permitting the display of a display text associated with the received key when there is a match between the received key and a key in the plurality of stored keys.
US07809340B2
An apparatus is provided for implementing an enhanced hand shake protocol for microelectronic communication systems. A transmitter and a receiver is coupled together by a transmission link. The transmitter receives an idle input. The idle input is activated when the transmitter is not transmitting data and the transmitter applies a first common 10 mode level to the receiving unit. The idle input is deactivated when the transmitter is ready to transmit data and the transmitter raises the common mode level to the receiving unit. Responsive to the receiver detecting the common mode level up-movement, then the receiver receives the transmitted data signals. After the desired data has been sent, the 15 transmitter terminates communications, drops the common mode level with the idle input being activated.
US07809339B1
A voltage regulator comprises a master regulator circuit that receives a reference signal and that generates a feedback signal and a master bias signal. The master bias signal is based on the reference signal and the feedback signal. N slave regulator circuits receive the master bias signal from the master regulator circuit and output N regulated output signals to N circuits, respectively, where N is an integer greater than one.
US07809328B2
A repeater for relaying communication between a base and a monitor which constitute a wireless LAN, includes a control means wherein, when reception quality of received data from the base by the monitor is lower than threshold in a direct communication mode in which the base and the monitor are communicating directly, the repeater is set as an indirect mode of relaying communication between the base and the monitor according to a request from the base based on a request from the monitor, and when reception level of a beacon received by the monitor from the base is equal to or greater than the threshold in the indirect communication mode in which the base and the monitor are communicating via the repeater, the repeater is set, according to a request from the monitor, as a non-indirect mode in which communication between the base and the monitor are not relayed.
US07809318B2
An image forming apparatus which forms a toner image on a transfer material, including: an image carrier which carries a toner image; a transfer section which transfers the toner images carried on the image carrier onto a transfer material; and a guide section having paired guide surfaces whose guide surfaces guide the transfer material to a transfer position of the transfer section while supporting the transfer material in between; wherein an end of one of the paired guide surfaces, which is closer to the image carrier than another one of the paired guide surfaces, has an elastic extension guide member, and a tear resistance of an leading portion of the elastic extension guide member is greater than the tear resistance of other portions of the elastic extension guide member.
US07809316B2
A transfer apparatus for transferring an image of a developer from an image-bearing medium onto an image receiving medium in a transfer zone includes a heating device that heats the image-bearing medium, an adjustable power supply device that supplies electrical power to the heating device, a first temperature sensor for sensing a basis temperature in the vicinity of the image-bearing medium away from the transfer zone and for transmitting to a controller a signal indicative of the basis temperature. The controller is adapted to adjust the power supplied by the power supply device to the heating device to obtain a target temperature in the transfer zone, in response to the signal indicative of the sensed basis temperature and based on a pre-established relationship between the power supplied to the heating device and a temperature difference between a temperature in the transfer zone and the basis temperature.
US07809311B2
A developer camming apparatus connected to a developer unit, including a slide, a motor, and an encoder, wherein the encoder determines a distance a developer unit is from the photoreceptor, wherein the encoder allows the developer unit to be sufficiently close to effect application of toner to the photoreceptor from the developer unit, but also does not allow the developer unit to contact the photoreceptor during a print job.
US07809303B2
An image forming apparatus is provided which includes a process unit including image formation units, each of the image formation units having an image carrier, a charger, and a developing device, a scanner unit disposed facing the process unit and configured to expose the image carrier in each of the image formation units to light, and a fixing device disposed in the first direction with respect to the process unit. Also, the image forming device includes a first passage configured to channel air between the process unit and the scanner unit to an outlet in the first direction and a second passage configured to channel air in the vicinity of the fixing device to the outlet in a second direction that is substantially perpendicular to the first direction.
US07809301B2
The image processing apparatus includes an acquiring unit that acquires information on disaster; and a switching unit that switches an operational mode of the image processing apparatus from a first operational mode in which image processing is not performed when there is lack of a part of consumables or failure of a part of functions to a second operational mode in which the image processing is performed by using other consumables that are available and other functions that do not fail even when there is the lack of a part of consumables or the failure of a part of functions, in response to the information on disaster acquired by the acquiring unit.
US07809289B2
An image forming device includes a device body, an image forming unit provided in the device body to form an image on a recording medium, a carrying unit detachably attached to the device body so as to carry a recording medium on a carrying route, a first detecting unit provided on the carrying route to output a detection signal that varies depending on whether there is a recording medium being carried, the first detecting unit including a movable portion that influences the detection signal depending on a location thereof, a displacing unit that changes the location of the movable portion depending on whether the carrying unit is attached to the device body, and a determining unit that determines based upon the detection signal of the first detecting unit whether there is a recording medium being carried and whether the carrying unit is attached to the device body.
US07809286B2
An optical receiver includes: a converting unit that converts an optical signal into an electrical signal; an amplifying unit that amplifies the electrical signal; a regenerating unit that regenerates the amplified electrical signal; a correcting unit that performs correction of an error included in the regenerated electrical signal; a monitoring unit that performs monitoring of an optical current flowing through the converting unit; and a control unit that calculates a decision threshold based on a result of the correction and a result of the monitoring.
US07809274B2
The electronic device includes a device housing, an emitter, a receiver, and a reflection structure. The emitter is separated from the device housing and emits an optical signal. The receiver is disposed on the device housing for receiving the optical signal. The reflection structure is formed on the device housing and neighboring to the receiver. When the emitter is disposed in front of the device housing, the optical signal transmitted from the emitter is reflected by the reflection structure, and then the optical signal travels toward the receiver.
US07809273B2
A system is provided including a chamber having an internal environment different from an external environment. The chamber includes a transmission line, disposed through a partition wall of the chamber, for transmitting an electromagnetic wave therethrough. A plurality of generators, disposed outside the chamber, are included for generating electromagnetic waves for measurement, and a first multiplex/demultiplex unit is disposed outside the chamber for multiplexing a plurality of electromagnetic waves from the plurality of generators and sending a multiplexed electromagnetic wave to the transmission line and demultiplexing a multiplexed electromagnetic wave received from the transmission line. A second multiplex/demultiplex unit is disposed inside the chamber for multiplexing a plurality of electromagnetic waves and sending a multiplexed electromagnetic wave to the transmission line and demultiplexing a multiplexed electromagnetic wave received from the transmission line. A plurality of measurement units are disposed inside the chamber for directing electromagnetic waves received from the second multiplex/demultiplex unit to to-be-measured regions and sending electromagnetic waves from the to-be-measured regions to the second multiplex/demultiplex unit.
US07809271B2
An economic way of determining the chromatic dispersion along a link of a DWDM network is provided. A transmitter modulates the output signals of two lasers operating at two different wavelengths and the modulated output signals are sent into the link. Detectors at each one of a plurality of detection sites along the link determine a phase difference in modulation between the output signals of the two lasers. The chromatic dispersion for each detection site can be calculated from the modulation frequency and determined phase differences at that site.
US07809267B2
The present invention is directed to a coherent gated receiver. The receiver includes a decoder operable to receive an optical signal and generate a decoded optical signal, the decoder comprises a demultiplexer operable to spatially distribute the optical signal, a phase mask operable to decode the spatially distributed optical signal, and a multiplexer operable to combine the decoded spatially distributed optical signal. The receiver also includes a laser source operable to provide a pulse signal, a combiner coupled to the laser source and the decoder operable to combine the decoded optical signal and the pulse signal, and a detector operable to detect an output from the combiner.
US07809261B2
An image sensing apparatus to which a detachable lens unit (102) is attached, is provided with an image sensor (106) that converts light beams entering through the attached lens unit into electrical signals, and a display unit (107), including an electronic viewfinder mode to continuously display on the display unit images based on the electrical signals obtained by the image sensor. The image sensing apparatus has a control unit (135) that causes an aperture unit (104) included in the attached lens unit to stop down, when there is an instruction to display on the display unit an image other than the image based on the electrical signals obtained by the image sensor while in the electronic viewfinder mode.
US07809260B2
The present invention further improves operability related to setting the position and size of a focus detection region. An image capturing apparatus of the invention is provided with an image sensor that photo-electrically converts an object image formed by an optical lens, a focus detection unit that detects the focus state of the object image using an image signal from a focus detection region that is a region that is a portion within a frame of the image sensor, a setting unit that sets one focus detection mode from among a plurality of focus detection modes in which the size and position of the focus detection region within the frame differ, and a storage unit that stores a focus detection region size and position for each of the plurality of focus detection modes.
US07809257B2
An anti-shake apparatus (an image-stabilization apparatus) of a photographing device comprises a movable unit and a controller. The movable unit has an imaging device and is movable and rotatable for an anti-shake operation. The controller controls the movable unit for the anti-shake operation. The controller calculates a first hand-shake angle caused by yaw, a second hand-shake angle caused by pitch, and a third hand-shake angle caused by roll for the anti-shake operation. The controller commences a calculation of the third hand-shake angle from a first time point after a release switch is set to the ON state. The controller commences calculations of the first and second hand-shake angles from a second time point after the first time point, and before an exposure operation commences.
US07809253B2
A fully integrated drying or heating system utilizes forced air and electrical heaters. A solid cartridge heater is enclosed within a heater cavity of a block. The block includes a separate air cavity in heat transfer communication with the heater through a solid portion of the block. The blocks are shaped and configured to be used in banks of plural blocks, with the operating controls and all the components of the air distribution system and air heating system fully integrated into a modular package.
US07809251B2
A disk camcorder includes an image pickup optical system including an image pickup element, a memory for temporarily storing recorded information from the image pickup element, and a recording/reproduction unit which records the recording information stored in the memory onto a disk-shaped recording medium through an intermittent operation or reproduces the recording information recorded onto the disk-shaped recording medium through an intermittent operation, and temporarily stores the recording information. The disk camcorder has a plurality of modes including a first mode in which the recording medium is irradiated with light flux having a first laser power for a first time period, and a second mode in which the recording medium is irradiated with light flux having a second laser power lower than the first laser power, for a second time period, longer than the first time period.
US07809248B2
Access point pictures designated as randomly accessible positions are I pictures or P pictures. Information indicating the decoding sequence (I1, P1, B1, B2, B3, B4, P2, . . . ) of pictures functioning as access points and attribute information (picture_type) indicating whether a picture functions as an access point or is necessary for decoding of the access point following a given access point are recorded on the video information recording medium. Random access is possible even if the GOP interval is lengthened.
US07809247B2
Access point pictures designated as randomly accessible positions are I pictures or P pictures. Information indicating the decoding sequence (I1, P1, B1, B2, B3, B4, P2, . . . ) of pictures functioning as access points and attribute information (picture_type) indicating whether a picture functions as an access point or is necessary for decoding of the access point following a given access point are recorded on the video information recording medium. Random access is possible even if the GOP interval is lengthened.
US07809236B2
An optical fiber holding device is disclosed having an optical fiber held therein. The device has a base with a spiral channel in an upper surface holding and housing the optical fiber. The channel has a first location where the fiber enters leading to a plurality of turnings for holding the optical fiber wrapped therearound at another end a second location where the fiber exits the channel wherein the bend radius of the optical fiber housed within the spiral channel is at least 2 cm. The dimensions are such that housing forms a heat sink allowing heat within the fiber to dissipate within the base. The spiral channel is preferably designed to keep the fiber within the channel and to prevent it from inadvertently springing out spring tension of the bent fiber holds the fiber within the groove or channel.
US07809230B2
An apparatus is provided for shaping an end of an optical fiber. The apparatus may include a frame and a clamp constructed to hold the optical fiber in a fixed location relative to the frame. The apparatus may further include a tip shaper supported by the frame and movable in a first direction toward and away from the clamp, and moveable in a second direction that lies in a plane transverse to the first direction to shape the end of the optical fiber when the tip shaper is placed in contact with the optical fiber. The apparatus may include an abrasive substrate which abrades the end of the fiber.
US07809229B2
An optical device wherein an optical waveguide is formed on a dielectric substrate, the optical device includes an input part and an output part where the optical waveguide and corresponding optical fibers are connected. A stress layer is provided for at least one of the input part and the output part. The stress layer applies a stress to the optical waveguide so that an index of refraction of the optical waveguide is reduced.
US07809228B2
An optical waveguide film includes an optical waveguide film main body having an optical waveguide core through which light is propagated, and a cladding portion that encloses the optical waveguide core and has a lower refractive index than that of the optical waveguide core; and an electric wiring layer formed on at least a part of a principal surface of the optical waveguide film main body.
US07809224B2
A composite waveguide includes a central core configured to transmit a plurality of modes and at least one side core helically wound about the central core and configured to be selectively coupled to at least a portion of the plurality of modes in the central core.
US07809223B2
A polarization-maintaining optical fiber includes a core region and a cladding region formed around the core region. The cladding region has a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the core region. A refractive index profile of the core region is either one of a step shaped or a concave shaped. The cladding region includes two holes formed in such a manner that a shortest distance from the core region is virtually zero at locations in opposite to each other across the core region.
US07809211B2
Image normalization examines the pixels of two frames, most commonly sequentially obtained sub-images, and mathematically determines the displacement of those pixels from the first frame to the second based on pixel data. The pixel data is obtained from a scanning device, and may be for example grayscale value. The image may be for example that of a user's fingerprint, and the image normalization used to form a computed image of the fingerprint from a plurality of sub-images obtained from a fingerprint scanner. The computed image may be stored, compared to a reference frame or otherwise processed, for example for identifying the user.
US07809207B2
Methods for pre-processing video sequences prior to compression to provide data reduction of the video sequence. Also, after compression of the pre-processed video sequence, the bit rate of the pre-processed and compressed video sequence will be lower than the bit rate of the video sequence after compression but without pre-processing. Pre-processing may include spatial anisotropic diffusion filtering such as Perona-Malik filtering, Fallah-Ford filtering, or omni-directional filtering that extends Perona-Malik filtering to perform filtering in at least one diagonal direction. Pre-processing may also include performing filtering differently on a foreground region than on a background region of a video frame. This method includes identifying pixel locations having pixel values matching characteristics of human skin and determining a bounding shape for each contiguous grouping of matching pixel locations. The foreground region is comprised of pixel locations contained in a bounding shape and the background region is comprised of all other pixel locations.
US07809198B2
A coding apparatus and method is disclosed by which quantization index data can be determined without referring to a virtual buffer capacity initialized in response to a scene change. ME residual information is acquired first, and it is discriminated whether or not the ME residual information is higher than a threshold value. If it is discriminated that the ME residual information is higher than the threshold value, then the initial buffer capacity of a virtual buffer is updated. On the other hand, if it is discriminated that the ME residual information is equal to or lower than the threshold value, then it is discriminated whether or not the picture being currently processed is a picture next to a scene change or is a next picture of the same type as that of a picture with which a scene change has occurred. If it is discriminated that the picture being processed is a picture next to a scene change or a next picture of the same type, then the initial buffer capacity is calculated and updated. Further, an average value of the ME residual information is updated. The invention can be applied to a video encoder.
US07809197B2
A method for automatically determining the acceptability of an input image for a predetermined output operation, such as printing, includes the steps of: (a) identifying one or more important areas in the input image; (b) calculating a salient acceptability feature for each of the important areas; (c) determining the acceptability of the input image from the salient acceptability features of the important areas; and (d) implementing the predetermined output operation based on the acceptability of the input image determined in step (c).
US07809177B2
A lumen tracking method and system automatically extracts a colon from CT image data by locating landmarks in the image data, based on known anatomic features or other predictable features. If the colon is segmented, the method and system may use the landmarks to evaluate candidate segments for inclusion in the extracted colon.
US07809174B2
Methods and systems for processing image data are described. One method includes identifying image data corresponding to an imaged trachea and identifying image data corresponding to imaged lungs. The method further includes separating the image data corresponding to the imaged trachea from the imaged data corresponding to the imaged lungs.
US07809172B2
A method and system for personalizing goods or services by including thereon a visible indication of the person or persons that are intended to utilize the goods and services. In one embodiment, based on computer processing, a series of parameters are calculated that can be used to generate a composite drawing (e.g., a line drawing) of the intended customer. Having created such a series of parameters, those parameters can be sent to the generator of the ticket or other personalized good. The generator can then use that series of parameters to print the composite drawing on the personalized good, either at the same time the good is originally printed or prior to providing the personalized good to the consumer. Alternatively, by receiving a customer number with the transaction confirmation from the credit card company, the merchant can download a full picture of the customer to be included on the personalized good.
US07809170B2
At least two biometric measurements of a person are collected, then a statistical measure based on the measurements is computed. The statistical measure is a bounded estimate of the discriminative power of a test based on the measurements. While the discriminative power is less than a target value, additional biometric measurements are collected. When enough measurements have been collected, a biometric template is constructed from the measurements and stored for use in future identifications. Systems and software to implement similar methods are also described and claimed.
US07809166B2
An image processing apparatus is an apparatus for determining a gaze from a motion picture of a face taken by a monocular camera, and is configured to define a 3D structure of a center of a pupil on the facial picture by a static parameter and a dynamic parameter, and to determine the gaze by estimating the static parameter and the dynamic parameter. Another image processing apparatus is an apparatus for determining a motion of a 3D object from a motion picture thereof taken by a monocular camera, and is configured to define a 3D structure of the 3D object on the picture by a rigid parameter and a non-rigid parameter, and to determine the motion of the 3D object by estimating the rigid parameter and the non-rigid parameter.
US07809151B2
A microphone assembly comprising a transducer for receiving sound and outputting a corresponding control signal. The assembly also comprises means for detecting a magnetic field and outputting a signal relating to the field. A hearing aid comprising the assembly has a processor receiving the control signal and selecting between the microphone signal and a signal relating to the magnetic field, such as a signal received from a telephone hand set or a telecoil.
US07809150B2
A system providing method and apparatus to detect occurrence of an entrainment artifact and address it. The system analyzing a feedback canceller filter for certain characteristics that are associated with an entrained filter. When an entrained filter is detected, the feedback canceller filter is reset to a good filter that ideally represents the current approximate external acoustic feedback path without the characteristics of the entraining signal.
US07809146B2
Problems of permutation can be solved with high accuracy without utilizing knowledge about original signals or information concerning positions of microphones and the like when each one of plural signals mixed in an audio signal is separated using independent component analysis. A short-time Fourier transformation section generates spectrograms of observation signals from observation signals in time domain. A signal separation section separates the spectrograms of the observation signals into spectrograms of respective signals, to generate spectrograms of separate signals. A permutation problem solution section calculates a scale corresponding to the degree of permutation, e.g., a Kullback-Leiblar information amount calculated by use of a multidimensional probability density function or multidimensional kurtosis, from substantial whole of the spectrograms of the separate signals. Based on the scale, signals at each of frequencies bin of the spectrograms of the separate signals are exchanged between channels, to solve the permutation problem.
US07809144B2
A plug-in detection module includes an impedance network for producing a plug-in signal in response to a supply signal that varies when one of a plurality of plug-in receptors is coupled to a plug connector and when one of the plurality of plug-in receptors is decoupled. A reference signal generator generates a reference signal having a plurality of reference signal values. A comparator generates a detection signal when the plug-in signal compares favorably to the reference signal. A processing module detects which of the plurality of plug-in receptors have a plug connector coupled thereto.
US07809140B2
A method of authenticating data transmitted in a digital transmission system, in which the method comprises the steps, prior to transmission, of determining at least two encrypted values for at least some of the data, each encrypted value being determined using a key of a respective encryption algorithm, and outputting said at least two encrypted values with said data.
US07809138B2
A novel method and apparatus for protection of streamed media content is disclosed. In one aspect, the apparatus includes control means for governance of content streams or content objects, decryption means for decrypting content streams or content objects under control of the control means, and feedback means for tracking actual use of content streams or content objects. The control means may operate in accordance with rules received as part of the streamed content, or through a side-band channel. The rules may specify allowed uses of the content, including whether or not the content can be copied or transferred, and whether and under what circumstances received content may be “checked out” of one device and used in a second device. The rules may also include or specify budgets, and a requirement that audit information be collected and/or transmitted to an external server. In a different aspect, the apparatus may include a media player designed to call plugins to assist in rendering content. A “trust plugin” is disclosed, along with a method of using the trust plugin so that a media player designed for use with unprotected content may render protected content without the necessity of requiring any changes to the media player. In one aspect, the streamed content may be in a number of different formats, including MPEG-4, MP3, and the RMFF format.
US07809136B2
Disclosed herein are apparatuses and methods for generating pseudorandom numbers by making the existing ANSI and FIPS PRNGs forward secure and eliminating the need for re-keying them. A forward secure ANSI PRNG is created which includes an enhanced block cipher that is non-invertible even if the key becomes known and a function of the block cipher used in the existing ANSI PRNG. Additionally, the forward secure ANSI PRNG includes an enhanced next state that allows previous states to remain secret even when the key and the current state become known. A forward secure FIPS PRNG is created which includes a computation of an enhanced next state that is noninvertible.
US07809132B2
An AES encryption processor is provided for reducing hardware with improved throughput. The processor is composed of a selector unit selecting an element of a state in response to row and column indices, a S-box for obtaining a substitution value with said selected element used as an index, a coefficient table providing first to fourth coefficients in response to said row index, first to fourth Galois field multiplexers respectively computing first to fourth products, which are obtained by multiplication of said substitution value with first to fourth coefficients, respectively, and an accumulator which accumulates the first to fourth products to develop first to fourth elements of a designated column of a resultant state.
US07809124B2
A conferencing system provides the scheduling of virtual meetings with meeting lobbies so that a meeting presenter can conduct a virtual meeting without the need to send out invitations to attendees. A person that wants to conduct a virtual meeting can schedule with the conferencing system a meeting with a meeting lobby. The meeting lobby has an address, but there is no associated privileged information, such as a meeting password. Would-be meeting attendees use the meeting lobby address to enter the meeting lobby as visitors in the lobby, and request to enter the meeting from the meeting lobby. A meeting presenter can then either grant authorization for a visitor in the meeting lobby to enter the meeting, or deny authorization for a visitor in the meeting lobby to enter the meeting. If a visitor in the meeting lobby is denied authorization to enter the meeting from the meeting lobby, the conferencing system removes the visitor from the meeting lobby.
US07809121B2
A dialed universal telephone number is translated into a toll free telephone number corresponding to a telecommunications relay service center in a telecommunications system. When the call is connected to the telecommunications relay service center, information that identifies the caller is reliably forwarded to the telecommunications relay service center.
US07809116B2
Estimates of a communication system configuration, such as a DSL system, are based on operational data collected from a network element management system, protocol, users and/or the like. The operational data collected from the system can include performance-characterizing operational data that typically is available in an ADSL system via element-management-system protocols. Scanning, wherein a number of line profiles are used in connection with DSL loops having known configurations, can be used to generate a database or library of loop configuration information. One or more of the line profiles can be used with an unknown DSL loop to generate operational data from the unknown DSL loop that is compared to the loop configuration information in the database, allowing identification of loop configuration information pertaining to the unknown DSL loop. The unknown DSL loop operational data also can be used to determine whether one or more bad splices are present on the unknown DSL loop and, in some cases, the approximate or exact bad splice(s) location(s).
US07809114B2
A multiple spot x-ray generator is provided that includes a plurality of electron generators. Each electron generator includes an emitter element to emit an electron beam, a meshed grid adjacent each emitter element to enhance an electric field at a surface of the emitter element, and a focusing element positioned to receive the electron beam from each of the emitter elements and focus the electron beam to form a focal spot on a shielded target anode, the shielded target anode structure producing an array of x-ray focal spots when impinged by electron beams generated by the plurality of electron generators. The plurality of electron generators are arranged to form an electron generator matrix that includes activation connections electrically connected to the plurality of electron generators, wherein each electron generator is connected to a pair of the activation connections to receive an electric potential therefrom.
US07809113B2
The present invention relates to an X-ray source for emitting a characteristic X-ray and a fluorescent X-ray analyzing apparatus using the X-ray source. A secondary target is arranged in superposition on a primary target. An electron beam generated by an electron gun enters the primary target, which passes and emits a continuous X-ray. The secondary target transmits and emits a characteristic X-ray excited by the continuous X-ray emitted from the primary target. The primary target and the secondary target are superposed one on the other, so that the continuous X-ray emitted from the primary target efficiently excites the secondary target thereby to efficiently generate the characteristic X-ray.
US07809111B2
An operating device with an operating piece, which may be positioned near the floor, includes at least one operating element for controlling a medical instrument. Operation of the medical instrument is possible by actuation of the at least one operating element by foot, such that the operator has hands free to use for further manipulation. A flexible positioning of the operating piece in a defined movement range is possible by arrangement of the operating device such as to be pivotable and/or extendable/retractable relative to the medical instrument which is good for operational manipulation. The operational device may be used during operation of a mammography device.
US07809090B2
In a method for determining a transmitted data rate, a received data frame may be decoded using different candidate rates to generate a first decoded bit sequence associated with each candidate rate. A first frame quality indicator and a first error metric may be generated for each of the candidate rates based on the associated first decoded bit sequence and a decoding metric for the associated first decoded bit sequence. One of the candidate rates may be selected as the transmitted data rate based on the first frame quality indicators, the first error metrics and an error metric threshold.
US07809088B2
A multiphase receiver to compensate for intersymbol interference in the sampling of an input signal includes a first integrating receiver to integrate and sample data of the input signal on a first phase of a clock and a second integrating receiver to integrate and sample data of the input signal on a second phase of the clock. The multiphase receiver also includes an equalization circuit to adjust integration by the first integrating receiver dependent on a result of integration of data previously received by an integrating receiver distinct from the first integrating receiver, and to adjust integration by the second integrating receiver dependent on a result of integration of data previously received by an integrating receiver distinct from the second integrating receiver.
US07809077B2
The invention relates to search and rescue service and can be used for debris active sounding. Said invention makes it possible to improve interference protection related to a temperature, the operator hands motion and trembling effecting the locator operation. The inventive method consists in forming an ultrabandwidth signal (UBW) according to a reference signal, in emitting the thus formed UBW signal to space, in receiving the UBW signal, in processing the UBW signal by correlating it with a reference UBW signal, wherein while processing the received UBW signal, the reference UBW signal is delayed for a time during which the initial position of a check point on a middle section between the maximum and minimum voltage of the correlated signal is set, in periodically monitoring the position of said check point and in modifying the space emission delay of the formed UBW signal when the check point position shifts from the initial position thereof, thereby resetting the check point position.
US07809074B2
A multi-user multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) downlink beamforming system (200) is provided to enable transmit beamforming vectors to be efficiently provided to a subset of user equipment devices (201.i), where spatial separation or zero-forcing transmit beamformers (wi) are computed at the base station (210) and used to generate precoded reference signals (216). The precoded reference signals (216) are fed forward to the user equipment devices (201.i) which apply one or more hypothesis tests (207.i, 208.i) to the precoded reference signals to extract the precoding matrix (W), including the specific transmit beamforming vector (wUE) designed for the user equipment, and this extracted information is used to generate receive beamformers (vi).
US07809073B2
A MIMO method based on distributed transmission sources for transmitting a downlink data stream between M transmitting antennas and a mobile terminal having P receiving antennas, M and P>1, channels from at least two transmitting antennas to one of receiving antennas have different multipath distributions, comprises transmitting a different sub-data stream of M sub-data streams from the M transmitting antennas respectively to the mobile terminal by using the same spreading code: estimating multipath channel matrix of channels from the M transmitting antennas to the receiving antenna, which use the spreading code: and processing transmitted signals corresponding to the M sub-data streams received by the receiving antenna based on the multipath channel matrix of each receiving antenna, to restore the downlink data stream.
US07809064B2
A system for receiving a digital broadcast includes an input terminal that receives the digital broadcast containing scalable data, and a controller for controlling an operation mode of the system. In addition, the system may also include a processor that decodes the data, and a power management device that varies the amount of data to be decoded according to the operation mode.
US07809060B2
A moving picture stream generation apparatus that generates a moving picture stream that can be played back in trick-play such as variable-speed and reverse playback even in a coding format such as MPEG-4 AVC, in which flexible prediction structures are allowed. The moving picture stream generation apparatus includes: a trick-play information generation unit generating supplemental information, the supplemental information being referred to at the time of playback of each random access unit including one or more pictures; and a variable length coding unit generating a stream including the generated supplemental information and the one or more pictures by adding the supplemental information to each corresponding random access unit. At the top of each random access unit, an intra coded picture that can be decoded without depending on any picture is placed, and the supplemental information includes information specifying pictures to be decoded at the time when pictures included in each random access unit are played back in trick-play.
US07809056B2
A random clock generator for a spread spectrum modulating device includes a random number generator for generating a plurality of random number signals according to a first square wave signal and a control signal, a reference wave generator coupled to the random number generator for generating a triangular signal and a second square wave signal according to the plurality of random number signals, and a trigger signal generator coupled to the random number generator and the reference wave generator, for generating the first square wave signal according to the second square wave signal.
US07809050B2
Aspects of a reconfigurable system for providing channel coding in a wireless communication device are described. The aspects include a plurality of computation elements for performing channel coding operations and memory for storing programs to direct each of the plurality of computation elements. A controller controls the plurality of computation elements and stored programs to achieve channel coding operations in accordance with a plurality of wireless communication standards. The plurality of computation elements include a data reordering element, a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) element, a convolutional encoder element, and a Viterbi decoder element.
US07809045B2
The invention relates to a reception method for communication over frequency-selective channels with a plurality of send antennas and a plurality of receive antennas, to process data received by the receive antennas that, on sending, was successively modulated and spread.To this end, reception uses: first linear filtering (202, 202′); first interference subtraction (201) that uses an estimate of previously regenerated multi-antenna interference (MAI) and intersymbol interference (ISI); second linear filtering (205, 205′); second interference subtraction (204) that uses an estimate of previously regenerated multi-user interference (MUI); processing to generate an MAI+ISI interference estimate and an MUI interference estimate for the received data from the data filtered in this way. The invention relates further to a reception system adapted to implement the method and a transmission system including the reception system.
US07809037B2
A laser array circuit decreases the size of a circuit pattern. A laser-diode (LD) driving switching element with a low on resistance is used in common with and switches conduction and non-conduction of a large current to each of a plurality of charge capacitors and charge switching elements that accumulate charge in the charge capacitors in respective drive circuits. An LD array and the LD driving switching element are closely located on a light-emitting board. By laying out the LD array and charge capacitors considering only the positional relationship therebetween, the size of a circuit pattern including LDs and the charge capacitors can be decreased.
US07809034B2
The present invention provides an auto-power control (APC) circuit and a method to stabilize the extinction ratio of an optical output from a laser diode (LD) in an optical transmitter. The APC circuit according to the invention includes two feedback loops for the modulation IM and the bias current IB each having variable loop gain. The extinction ratio of the optical output from the LD is kept constant by setting the ratio of the loop gains of respective APC circuits to be ER−1.
US07809033B2
A laser oscillator is obtained in which the flatness of an optical element that makes contact with a cooling flange is maintained in a highly precise state, by suppressing a flange presser and a base from profile-deforming the cooling flange. The flange presser and the cooling flange make contact with each other by the intermediary of three protrusions provided in either one of the flange presser and the cooling flange, and the three protrusions are arranged at the vertexes of a triangle; the cooling flange and the base make contact with each other by the intermediary of three protrusions provided in either one of the cooling flange and the base; the three points at which the flange presser and the cooling flange make contact with each other by the intermediary of the protrusions and the three points at which the cooling flange and the base make contact with each other by the intermediary of the protrusions are arranged in such a way as to face respective corresponding points; and the flange presser and the base that flank the cooling flange are fixed fastened with a fastening member.
US07809030B2
A wavelength converter comprising an arsenic sulfide (As—S) chalcogenide glass fiber coupled to an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) crystal and a laser system using an OPO crystal coupled to an As—S fiber are provided. The OPO receives pump laser radiation from a pump laser and emits laser radiation at a wavelength that is longer than the pump laser radiation. The laser radiation that is emitted from the OPO is input into the As—S fiber, which in turn converts the input wavelength from the OPO to a desired wavelength, for example, a wavelength beyond about 4.4 μm. In an exemplary embodiment, the OPO comprises a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal. The As—S fiber can include any suitable type of optical fiber, such as a conventional core clad fiber, a photonic crystal fiber, or a microstructured fiber.
US07809027B2
A network component comprising at least one processor configured to implement a method comprising initiating a synchronization window, and promoting the transmission of a frame comprising a control symbol, wherein the control symbol delineates a beginning of the frame, and wherein the control symbol is offset from the beginning of the synchronization window. Also disclosed is a system comprising an upstream node in communication with a downstream node, wherein the upstream node transmits a data stream comprising a plurality of frames to the downstream node, wherein the data stream is organized into a plurality of synchronization windows, and wherein the frames float within the synchronization windows. Included is a method comprising transmitting an Ethernet data stream comprising an Ethernet control symbol, wherein the Ethernet control symbol is transmitted within a synchronization window and delineates a start of a packet within the synchronization window.
US07809022B2
A system (104) is provided for filling a SONET SPE (204, 300, 500, 600, 700) with bytes of digital information. The system is comprised of data input ports (1-6) configured to receive payload signals comprised of payload information. The system is also comprised of data processing circuits configured to transfer bytes of payload information in sequence from the payload signals. The data processing circuits are also configured to break the payload information into byte segments. The data processing circuits are further configured to map the byte segments to the SONET SPE in a byte by byte manner. The SONET SPE is comprised of cells. The cells are filled from top to bottom in a manner proceeding row by row, from left to right in each row. A method for filling the SONET SPE with bytes of digital information corresponding to payload signals is also provided.
US07809021B2
A communication system processes blocks of input data that include control words and a packet of information words are received. The packet has a start preceded by ones of the control words and an end followed by others of the control words. When the block consists exclusively of information words, a one bit block header having a first sense is appended to the block to form a frame. When the block does not consist exclusively of information words, the block is condensed to accommodate a TYPE word, the TYPE word is generated and inserted into the block and a one bit block header is appended to the block to form the frame. When the block does not consist exclusively of information words the one bit block header has a second sense, opposite to the first sense. Use of a one bit block header reduces overhead. Forward error correction is also utilized.
US07809018B2
An apparatus for generating a data stream having a series of segments using data organized in subsequent data frames. The apparatus comprises a packetiser for packetising data from a data frame into the series of segments having a first segment and a second segment, where the second segment has interpretable data entities and has a data entity fragment, the data entity fragment including only a part of an interpretable data entity preceding an interpretable data entity. The apparatus comprises furthermore an information block adder for adding an information block associated with the second segment, the information block indicating an entry point into the second segment, the entry point indicating a start of the interpretable data entity following the data entity fragment.
US07809013B2
A method of operation in a communications node is disclosed. The method of operation includes the communications node scanning a plurality of channels simultaneously during a period of time, with the communications node selecting for signal processing a first signal, in a first channel in the plurality of channels, in a first sub-period of time in the period of time. The method of operation includes the communications node selecting for signal processing a second signal, in a second channel in the plurality of channels, in a second sub-period of time in the period of time. Embodiments of the present invention include but are not limited to communications nodes and devices, subsystems, and systems equipped to operate in the above described manner.
US07808998B2
In an embodiment, an existing transport protocol connection though a mobile device is recognized as having entered a state of disconnect. A lowest received sequence number is determined from received messages to be transmitted over a disconnected transport protocol connection. A disconnect acknowledgement message with a receive window of zero and a sequence number of one less than the lowest received sequence number is transmitted. The disconnect acknowledge message with a receive window of zero and a sequence number of one less than the lowest received sequence number is continued to be transmitted until the transport protocol connection exits the disconnect state to a connect state.
US07808997B2
The present invention discloses a method and a system for forwarding data between provider Ethernet networks, wherein a first provider Ethernet network is the first provider Ethernet network in a path through which a first data packet is transmitted, and a second provider Ethernet network is the last provider Ethernet network in the path. The method includes using network addresses of the first provider Ethernet network and the second provider Ethernet network as a source address and a destination address of an outer MAC header with which the first data packet is encapsulated when the first data packet is transmitted between the first provider Ethernet network and the second provider Ethernet network; and decapsulating the first data packet and forwarding the decapsulated data packet to the second client network after the first data packet is forwarded to the second provider Ethernet network.
US07808990B2
A method and system for filtering data packets, is provided. One implementation involves filtering data packets using a set of filters, each filter having a bit mask and corresponding bit values, by categorizing the filters into different groups based on their bit mask value differences, and generating a new mask of bits having corresponding bit values, applying the new mask to the incoming packet to select a filter category for the incoming packet, and filtering the incoming packet by applying the group of filters for the selected category to the incoming packet.
US07808985B2
A network repeater is configured to repeat data packets in a broadcast mode without generating a significant broadcast storm. The network repeater is configured to detect a characteristic of a received data packet. The data packet characteristic is compared with valid copies of packet characteristics previously stored in a packet registry. During a delay period, if a valid copy of the detected characteristic is found in the packet registry, then it is assumed that the packet is being received for the second time and the data packet is not repeated in the broadcast mode. If a valid copy of the detected characteristic of the data packet is not found in the packet registry, then the characteristic is stored in the packet registry and the data packet is repeated in a broadcast mode.
US07808984B2
An apparatus for a service node used in a multimedia network. The apparatus has a data distributor circuit, and a decoder. The data distributor card has a data port for coupling with a data stream. The data distributor circuit has a relational code for determining whether an address field of a data packet of the data stream is intended for local distribution to peripheral devices by the distribution circuit. The decoder, in communication with the distribution circuit, has a virtual channel filter for filtering the address field to route the data packet to at least one data port, such as that associated with a peripheral device. An incorporator circuit is provided that is electrically-coupled to the data port to insert an address value having a relational code and a virtual channel code in a data input from the at least one data port. The incorporator then inserts the data input from the at leas tone data port into the data stream. In a method of the invention, interfacing a multimedia communications data stream having a plurality of data packets is provided. Inputting a data packet of the data stream, determining whether an address field of the data packet is intended for local distribution, and routing the data packet to a data port if the data packet is intended for local distribution. Otherwise, the data packet is returned to the data stream if the data packet is not intended for local distribution.
US07808977B2
A computerized telephony bridge unit has a Data Network Telephony (DNT) Port and a Connection Oriented/Switched Telephony (COST) trunk port, each associated with circuitry for receiving a placing calls in the data format required by connected networks. The bridge unit further comprises conversion circuitry for converting data dynamically between network protocols compatible with each connected network. Control routines executable on the computerized bridge unit are adapted to receive a first call from one of the COST and DNT networks, to place a call associated with the received call on the network other than the network on which the call is received, and to dynamically convert data between a call connected at one port and a call connected at the other port. The data network can be the Internet, and the COST network can be any publicly or privately switched dedicated-connection-oriented telephone network. Association between calls between two otherwise incompatible networks can be by a locally-stored lookup table, by negotiation with a caller, or by retrieval of data from incoming calls. Methods for practicing the invention are taught in the disclosure.
US07808976B2
A voice communication system, which is connected to a LAN to which communication terminals are connected and to a public network to which telephones are connected, is provided with a communication server between the LAN and public network having different protocols from each other. The communication server enables a voice communication between a telephone on the public network and a communication terminal connected to the LAN by performing processing similar to that for a voice communication between two communication terminals connected to the LAN. The communication server determines whether an address of the other party inputted by a user is a communication terminal address or a telephone number, and transmits a voice communication request to a communication terminal of the other party when the address is a communication terminal address. When the address is a telephone number, the user acquires the communication terminal address of the communication server, and transmits a voice communication request to the communication server. Thereafter, the voice communication processing is performed through the communication server.
US07808971B2
In a distributed hash table (DHT), a participating node has a routing cache associating nodes in the DHT with their respective network addresses. Messages can be routed with the routing table using prefix-matching or numerical-closeness without requiring rigid structuring of the node's cache. Entries in the cache may be replaced using routing information obtained from en route messages. Entries in the routing cache may be replaced without regard for the nodeIDs in or entering the routing cache, and/or without structuring the routing cache according to the nodeIDs placed therein. Cache entries may be replaced randomly.
US07808970B2
A method and system of enabling dynamic configuration of mobility configuration parameters for a mobile entity (105) by a mobility configuration agent (120) may be implemented, wherein the assigned mobility configuration parameters for the mobile entity are based on mobility configuration parameters corresponding to a group to which the mobile entity (120) belongs. An SLP directory (445) may be used to allocate an optimal home agent to the mobile entity.
US07808967B2
A method of performing cell search includes receiving a primary synchronization signal (PSS) comprising a primary synchronization code (PSC) and receiving a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) comprising a first secondary synchronization code (SSC) and a second SSC, wherein the SSS includes a first SSS and a second SSS, the first SSC and the second SSC are arranged in that order in the first SSS, and the second SSC and the first SSC are arranged in that order in the second SSS. Detection performance on synchronization signals can be improved, and cell search can be performed more reliably.
US07808958B1
A local computing endpoint (e.g., a desktop computer, a notebook computer) is used to detect the presence of and record information about one or more wireless access point within range of the local computing endpoint. The recorded information is processed by a centralized computing endpoint to determine whether any of the one or more wireless access points is a rogue wireless access point.
US07808951B2
A method is provided for handover of a communication of a mobile communication device between a first radio access network and a second radio access network. The method comprises storing, by at least one of the communication device and an element of the first radio access network, a context of the communication device in the first radio access network, the context being useable to transfer the communication back to the first radio access network after a transferring to the second radio access network; and transferring the communication to the second radio access network.
US07808945B1
An apparatus and method for communicating voice communications to the communications devices of respective recipients thereof using multiple call modes, including, but not limited to, a fee-based network call mode and non-fee based mode. Generally, the fee-based call mode utilizes a wireless communications network to communicate voice communications over relatively large distances and the non-fee based call mode utilizes a proximity communication transport mechanism to communicate voice communications over relatively small distances. The non-network communication transport mechanism includes, for example, the unlicensed free radio spectrum. The apparatus is operable in either of the call modes or in an auto-select call mode in which the apparatus initially attempts to communicate voice communications via a proximity communication transport mechanism and if unsuccessful, subsequently communicates voice communications via a wireless communications network. The apparatus is configurable to operate in any of the call modes.
US07808941B2
Techniques and systems designed to dynamically control communications between wireless devices and an access point in a wireless local area network (WLAN) to enhance the quality of service (QoS). Described techniques and systems may be implemented to further enhance QoS in WLANs under IEEE 802.11e.
US07808927B2
In one embodiment, information is signaled between aggregating routers indicating the components of aggregated addresses. This information is used to dynamically leak, or deaggregate, specific parts of the aggregated address space to reduce sub-optimal routing and possibly prevent routing black holes from occurring in a network.
US07808918B2
A system for dynamically shaping data packet traffic on a packet network including at least one customer access node for communicating the data packets on the packet network; at least one customer premises equipment in communication with the at least one customer access node; at least one Internet gateway for communicating the data packets from an Internet, the at least one Internet gateway in communication with the at least one customer access node through the packet network; and at least one data packet rate shaper in communication with the at least one Internet gateway for shaping the rates of transmission of the data packets through the packet network based on network performance data transmitted by the at least one customer access node to the Internet gateway. A method for dynamically shaping data packet traffic on a packet network is also included.
US07808917B2
The invention relates to a system and a method for transmitting telegrams. The system has at least one first communication means provided for sending telegrams and at least one second communication means provided for receiving telegrams, with a telegram having a check value that can be determined from a useful data component of the telegram, with the first communication means having a first telegram counter provided for assigning a count value to a telegram in accordance with a send sequence. To improve error detection during the transmission of telegrams it is proposed that the count value for determining the check value be a constituent of the useful data component is, that information signaling a change in the count value be a constituent of the useful data component when the telegram is transmitted, that the second communication means have a second telegram counter, and that means be provided for synchronizing the first and second telegram counter.
US07808910B2
The congestion in a network can be avoided by effectively utilizing a prepared network band even in a network where reception intervals of acknowledgments are not correct. According to the information about Ack or Sack (selective acknowledgment) received in a time of the minimum value of an RTT (rtt_min), the number of bytes of received segments (rcv_bytes) for which a receiving side acknowledges the reception is counted, and a received byte number setting unit 16 sets a congestion window (CWND) or a slow start threshold (SSTHRESH) when a packet loss occurs according to the number of bytes of received segments (rcv_bytes) counted by a received byte number counting unit 14 when a packet loss is detected by a loss detection unit 15.
US07808906B2
The present invention is generally directed towards a remote access architecture for providing peer-to-peer communications and remote access connectivity. In one embodiment, the remote access architecture of the present provides a method for establishing a direct connection between peer computing devices via a third computing device, such as a gateway. Additionally, the present invention provides the following techniques to optimize peer-to-peer communications: 1) false acknowledgement of receipt of network packets allowing communications via a lossless protocol of packets constructed for transmission via a lossy protocol, 2) payload shifting of network packets allowing communications via a lossless protocol of packets constructed for transmission via a lossy protocol, 3) reduction of packet fragmentation by adjusting the maximum transmission unit (MTU) parameter, accounting for overhead due to encryption, 4) application-aware prioritization of client-side network communications, and 5) network disruption shielding for reliable and persistent network connectivity and access.
US07808903B2
An approach is provided for forecasting usage of network links. The method includes determining traffic data values for traffic over a network link that is used to provide one or more services to one or more customers, where the traffic data values are taken at intervals for a predetermined range of time. A historical data set of peak traffic data values is compiled from the traffic data values. A mathematical confidence factor is applied to the peak traffic data values to achieve modified data values, and a time-based weighting factor is applied to the modified data values to achieve further modified data values. And, a forecast trend curve of traffic over the network is calculated using the further modified data values.
US07808900B2
A method of providing multimedia services in consideration of the capability of a terminal, a method of receiving the multimedia services, and a terminal for receiving the multimedia services. The method of providing multimedia services includes receiving information regarding capability of a terminal, and processing data according to the received information and providing the processed data to the terminal. Accordingly, it is possible to provide the server or proxy server with information regarding resources available for a lightweight application terminal, allowing it to provide data at a level of quality best suited to the capabilities of the terminal.
US07808897B1
Intrusion Prevention Systems (“IPSs”) are used to detect and/or prevent intrusion events from infiltrating a computer network. However, in large computer networks the IPSs cannot conduct their analysis on network data traffic quickly enough in the network core to meet the demand placed on them by the computer networks, thereby causing delays in the transmission of network data traffic from a source to a destination. To prevent this delay, the IPSs can be configured to intelligently communicate with a high-capacity network switch. The IPSs conduct the initial inspection of the network data traffic flows to determine if an intrusion event is present. However, after the initial inspection, the IPS can inform the switch of what actions to take for future traffic flows including determining which future traffic flows are inspected by the IPSs and which future traffic flows are allowed to be blocked or transmitted to their destination by the switch.
US07808893B1
A system includes a first network device and a second network device. The first network device includes a group of first logical portions and is configured to detect a problem with one of the first logical portions, and transmit a message identifying the one first logical portion. The second network device includes a group of second logical portions, where the group of second logical portions corresponds to the group of first logical portions. The second network device is configured to receive the message from the first network device, and activate the one second logical portion corresponding to the one first logical portion in response to receiving the message.
US07808886B2
Methods (500, 800) and corresponding systems (100, 200, 300, 400, 900) for generating a pilot symbol (330) include providing an M-point parallel transform sequence that is a discrete Fourier transform of a CAZAC sequence (312, 504-508). The M-point parallel transform sequence (312) is distributed (316, 510) to a set of M subcarriers among N subcarriers to form an N-point frequency-domain sequence (318) wherein the M subcarriers are evenly spaced apart. An N-point inverse fast Fourier transform (320, 512) is performed to convert the N-point frequency-domain sequence to an N-point time-domain sequence (322). The N-point time-domain sequence is converted (324, 514) to a serial sequence (326), and a cyclic prefix is added (328, 516) to the serial sequence to form a pilot symbol (330).
US07808883B2
This invention relates to a method, a computer program, a computer program product, a transmitter and a receiver for a multicarrier modulation, wherein symbols are assigned to carriers of a set of N carriers, the method comprising assigning at least one of the symbols to a first carrier of the set of N carriers, and assigning an antipodal representative of the at least one of the symbols to a second carrier of the set of N carriers.
US07808874B2
An optical information reproducing method of reproducing multivalued information recorded on a track of an optical information medium having a recording/reproducing region, which has virtual cells arranged thereon at regular spacings, the multivalued information being recorded thereon by changing a length of an information pit in a track direction or an area of the information pit in a cell with the use of a light spot, and the multivalued information being reproduced by detecting the level of a multistage reproduced signal from the information pit. The method includes detecting a cell center value of the central cell among three continuous cells recorded with an M-value (M
US07808873B2
An optical information reproducing method of reproducing multivalued information recorded on a track of an optical information medium having a recording/reproducing region, which has virtual cells arranged thereon at regular spacings, the multivalued information being recorded thereon by changing a length of an information pit in a track direction or an area of the information pit in a cell with the use of a light spot, and the multivalued information being reproduced by detecting the level of a multistage reproduced signal from the information pit. The method includes sampling reproduced signals in the multivalued information recorded in two continuous cells with an M-value (M
US07808872B2
Provided herein are hybrid laser diode drivers (LDDs) that drive a laser diode in response to receiving enable signals from a controller. In accordance with specific embodiments, a hybrid LDD includes a read channel to selectively output a read current, one or more write channel each to selectively output a write current, and an oscillator channel to selectively output an oscillator current. Additionally, in specific embodiments the hybrid LDD includes a state machine that receives the enable signals from the controller, and based on the enable signals, controls timing of the currents output by the read, write and oscillator channels.
US07808869B2
According to one embodiment, an information recording apparatus which records content compliant with a second DVD standard on an information storage medium, the second DVD standard being a DVD standard later than a first DVD standard defined for a first image quality and being defined for a second image quality higher than the first image quality, includes a determination unit configured to determine whether narrow burst cutting area (NBCA) of the information storage medium is valid or not, and whether supported maximum recording speed of the information storage medium is triple speed or more of a predetermined recording speed, and a recording unit configured to perform real-time recording of the content compliant with the second standard on the information storage medium on the basis of the determination.
US07808867B2
The present invention relates to a system with read protecting function that comprises a record medium, having a data substrate with a control data zone and a data zone thereon, wherein the control data zone has a plurality of blocks, and every block has a plurality of sectors, and every sector has a plurality of bytes, and the data zone has encoded data, as well as a control code is disposed in the one of the sectors in control data zone; an optical storage device, for loading the record medium and reading and identifying the control code, then decoding the control code and outputs the decoded data if the control code is identifiable; or directly output the encoded data if the control code is not identifiable. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for protecting a record medium.
US07808866B2
There is provided an apparatus for recording/reproducing data on/from a recording medium including: a pickup unit including an objective lens and a solid immersion lens(SIL) to allow a light to be incident onto a recording medium; a photoelectric element for receiving the light reflected from the recording medium to output a controlling signal; and a controller to control the pickup unit using the controlling signal outputted from the photoelectric element, wherein the controlling signal includes a tilting error signal by skew of the recording medium.
US07808865B2
The method for estimating recording power Pow_tilting of a tilting part of a tilting disk is shown based on a power compensation formula: Pow_comp=A*(A*K). After a focus error (FE) signal of the tilting part of the tilting disk is manipulated as a focus servo output (FOO) signal, the parameter A is derived by low-pass filtering the FOO signal. Thereafter, another parameter K is then derived from a reference lookup table by using curve fitting approach based on parameter A such that the power compensation Pow_comp could be estimated by substituting parameters A and K into the above formula. A recording power Pow_tilting of the tilting part of the tilting disk could be estimated by adding a given recording power Piwrtpwr to the power compensation Pow_comp.
US07808864B2
An information reproducing method includes the steps o of reading information from an information medium that is rotated, and determining a rotation velocity of the information medium on the basis of a data transfer rate based on a specification of a read request.
US07808858B2
A method and circuit are provided for driving a word line. The word line driving circuit includes first and second power drivers, a switching unit and a word line driver. The first power driver is driven to a boosting voltage level and the second power driver is driven to an internal power voltage level. The switching unit transfers a first output of the first power driver to the word line driver in response to a first switching signal and transfers a second output of the second power driver to the word line driver in response to a second switching signal. The word line driver alternately drives a word line to the first output and the second output transferred from the switching unit in response to a word line driving signal.
US07808853B2
A semiconductor memory device and method with a changeable substrate potential. One embodiment provides for operating a semiconductor memory device having at least one read or write/sense amplifier. The method includes changing the substrate potential of the read or write/sense amplifier.
US07808851B2
A semiconductor memory device includes a read bus line for transferring read data; a write bus line for transferring write data; and a temporary data storage unit connected between the read bus line and the write bus line and controlled by a test mode signal enabled during a test mode.
US07808844B2
A memory access scheme employing one or more sets of shift registers interconnected in series to which data may be loaded from or written into one or more memory devices. That is, data from the memory devices may be parallel loaded into the sets of shift registers and then serially shifted through the shift registers until it is output from the sets of shift registers and transferred to its destination. Additionally, the data may be read from and loaded into the memory devices to/from the sets of shift registers such that the shifting of the shift registers is uninterrupted during the reading and/or loading of data. Additionally, data from the memory devices may be loaded into two or more parallel chains of shift registers and then serially shifted through the shift register chains.
US07808843B2
An integrated circuit includes a storage component, a voltage stabilizer circuit with an input configured to receive an input voltage and an output configured to provide an output voltage, and a load. The load is coupled to the output of the voltage stabilizer circuit. The integrated circuit is operable in a first and second operating state. In the first operating state, the storage component receives an input voltage and in the second operating state the input voltage is provided to the input of the voltage stabilizer circuit.
US07808840B2
In a method of operating a non-volatile memory device, a bit line is precharged to a positive voltage, which is input through a common source line of cell strings of memory cells, according to a degree in which a selected memory cell has been programmed. Data according to a voltage level of a sensing node, which is changed according to a level of the voltage of the bit line, is stored in a first latch of a page buffer. The data stored in the first latch is transferred to a second latch through the sensing node.
US07808837B2
A memory controller outputs an additional writing instruction to one of a plurality of non-volatile memories arbitrarily selected via a writing instruction output unit when a signal which rejects a writing operation is not outputted from writing controllers of the plurality of non-volatile memories for a certain period of time, and outputs a temporary writing instruction to another non-volatile memory at least once via the writing instruction output unit by the time when the additional writing operation is completed in the arbitrary non-volatile memory.
US07808834B1
A memory system comprises charge storage cells and a refresh control module. The charge storage cells have a charge level decay that is based on lifetime erase operations performed on the charge storage cells. The refresh control module increases charge levels of the charge storage cells to offset the charge level decay without first erasing the charge storage cells. A method of controlling a memory system comprises determining charge level decay of charge storage cells having charge level decay characteristics that are based on lifetime erase operations performed on the charge storage cells; and increasing charge levels of the charge storage cells to offset the charge level decay without first erasing the charge storage cells.
US07808828B2
An electrically programmable and erasable non-volatile semiconductor memory such as a flash memory is designed into a configuration in which, when a cutoff of the power supply occurs in the course of a write or erase operation carried out on a memory cell employed in the non-volatile semiconductor memory, the operation currently being executed is discontinued and a write-back operation is carried out to change a threshold voltage of the memory cell in the reversed direction. In addition, the configuration also allows the number of charge-pump stages in an internal power-supply configuration to be changed in accordance with the level of a power-supply voltage so as to make the write-back operation correctly executable. As a result, no memory cells are put in deplete state even in the event of a power-supply cutoff in the course of a write or erase operation.
US07808819B2
A method in which non-volatile memory device is accessed using voltages which are customized to the device, and/or to portions of the device, such as blocks or word lines of non-volatile storage elements. The accessing can include programming, verifying or reading. By customizing the voltages, performance can be optimized, including addressing changes in threshold voltage which are caused by program disturb. In one approach, different sets of storage elements in a memory device are programmed with random test data. A threshold voltage distribution is determined for the different sets of storage elements. A set of voltages is determined based on the threshold voltage distribution, and stored in a non-volatile storage location for subsequent use in accessing the different sets of storage elements. The set of voltages may be determined at the time of manufacture for subsequent use in accessing data by the end user.
US07808816B2
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor memory device, including, a semiconductor substrate, a phase-change element formed on the semiconductor substrate, the phase-change element including a phase-change film and electrode films, a joule heat portion contacting with the electrode film, the phase-change film being formed around the joule heat portion, and a radiation-shield film suppressing dissipation of thermal radiation emitted from the joule heat portion.
US07808811B2
A resistance semiconductor memory device of a three-dimensional stack structure, and a word line decoding method thereof, are provided. In the resistance semiconductor memory device of a three-dimensional stack structure, in which a plurality of word line layers and a plurality of bit line layers are disposed alternately and perpendicularly, and in which a plurality of memory cell layers are disposed between the word line layers and the bit line layers; the resistance semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of bit lines disposed on each of the bit line layers in a first direction as a length direction; a plurality of sub word lines disposed on each of the word line layers in a second direction as a length direction, intersected to the first direction; a plurality of memory cells disposed on the memory cell layers; and a plurality of main word lines individually disposed on a main word line layer specifically adapted over the bit line layers and the word line layers, in the second direction as a length direction, each one of the plurality of main word lines being shared by a predetermined number of sub word lines. An efficient word line decoding adequate to high integration can be achieved.
US07808810B2
A nonvolatile memory cell includes a layer of a resistivity-switching metal oxide or nitride compound, the metal oxide or nitride compound including one metal, and a dielectric rupture antifuse formed in series. The dielectric rupture antifuse may be either in its initial, non-conductive state or a ruptured, conductive state. The resistivity-switching metal oxide or nitride layer can be in a higher- or lower-resistivity state. By using both the state of the resistivity-switching layer and the antifuse to store data, more than two bits can be stored per memory cell.
US07808808B2
A nonvolatile memory device 1 capable of preventing interference between a read operation and a rewrite operation, and capable of preventing malfunctions that may occur in the event the read operation and the rewrite operation are performed simultaneously between memory blocks is provided. The nonvolatile memory device 1 is provided with a plurality of banks, a rewrite control unit 2 to which a first power source line VCC1 and a first ground line VSS1 are connected and which is adapted to control a rewrite operation with respect to a bank i, and a read control unit 5 to which a second power source line VCC2 and a second ground line VSS2 are connected and which is adapted to control a read operation with respect to a bank j, wherein the rewrite control unit 2 and the read control unit 5 are arranged so as to be spaced from each another.
US07808795B2
A positioning assembly between a computer-related assembly and a hub at a rear side of the computer-related assembly has a support arm connected between the computer-related assembly and the hub for receiving conductive wires; a positioning device at one surface of the computer-related assembly for combining the hub; two sliding tracks at two opposite lateral side of the computer-related assembly; the sliding track and sliding track being supported by four supporting posts which are formed as a supporting frame; the computer-related assembly being movable along the tracks from an outer side to an inner side; by the positioning device, the computer-related assembly being combinable with the hub. If an external force is applied to the computer-related assembly, the positioning device will release from the computer-related assembly.
US07808792B2
A chassis may include a front section that contains a first electronic circuit board oriented in a first plane, a rear section that contains a second electronic circuit board oriented in a second plane, where the first plane and the second plane are substantially orthogonal, a midplane dividing the front and the rear sections, and a fan tray assembly including a plurality of fans to cool both the first electronic circuit board of the front section and the second electronic circuit board of the rear section.
US07808785B2
A semiconductor module has a housing, including a power semiconductor, a cooler bearing against the latter and serving for dissipating heat loss. In at least one embodiment, a spring element, which is supported between housing and cooler, is arranged on the side of the cooler remote from the power semiconductor and prestresses the cooler against the power semiconductor.
US07808780B2
Disclosed herein is a data center having a plurality of liquid cooled computer systems. The computer systems each include a processor coupled with a cold plate that allows direct liquid cooling of the processor. The cold plate is further arranged to provide adapted flow of coolant to different portions of the processor whereby higher temperature regions receive a larger flow rate of coolant. The flow is variably adjusted to reflect different levels of activity. By maximizing the coolant temperature exiting the computer systems, the system may utilize the free cooling temperature of the ambient air and eliminate the need for a chiller. A data center is further provided that is coupled with a district heating system and heat is extracted from the computer systems is used to offset carbon emissions and reduce the total cost of ownership of the data center.
US07808777B2
A hard disk case for installation in a computer case includes a support frame for installation of a hard disk drive, a base mounted to the support frame, and a handle. The handle has a pivoting end pivotally connected with the base, a first protrusion insertable in an insertion portion of the computer case and pushable against a periphery wall of the insertion portion for enabling engagement of the hard disk drive with the computer case, and a second protrusion spaced from the first protrusion and pushable against a stopping portion of the computer case for enabling disengagement of the hard disk drive from the computer case. As a result, the hard disk case of the present invention is convenient in assembly and disassembly works.
US07808763B2
A protection scheme to protect pulse width modulated drives is described. The scheme is implantable in both hardware and software and combinations thereof. The semiconductor devices of the drive are protected from transient signals such as power line spikes and loss of line. The present scheme uses an adaptive technique to determine the normal or steady state distortion (transients and harmonics) value in an unfiltered power signal. The present distortion value is compared to the normal distortion. If the present distortion exceeds the steady state value by a given amount, then the drive is placed in freewheel mode to protect the semiconductor devices in the drive.
US07808760B2
An electrical device including a heat sensing circuit interrupter to enable a load to be selectively coupled to or disconnected from a power source in accordance with a level of a sensed temperature includes a relay assembly operable between a closed state when the sensed temperature is below a predetermined limit temperature, thereby enabling the coupling of the load to the power source, and an open state when the sensed temperature is above the predetermined limit temperature, thereby electrically disconnecting the load from the power source. The device further includes a sensor assembly including a light source operatively associated with a light sensor. The light sensor is configured to be sensitive to specific levels of the sensed temperature and the light source is configured to emit light along a plurality of optical paths at any one of a plurality of wavelengths sensitive to temperature. The light sensor is further configured to sense temperature at any one of a plurality of operating points on the electrical device and trigger the relay assembly between the closed state and the open state.
US07808759B2
In an opto-isolator, common mode pulses that occur are compensated for by either adding current to the electrical-to-optical converter (EOC) drive current to compensate for a decrease in the EOC drive current caused by the occurrence of a common mode pulse or by pulling some of the drive current away from the EOC to compensate for an increase in the EOC drive current caused by the occurrence of a common mode pulse.
US07808750B2
The thin-film magnetic head of the invention comprises a magneto-resistive effect device including a multilayer film and a bias mechanism portion including a bias magnetic field-applying layer formed on each widthwise end of the multilayer film. When the magneto-resistive effective device including a multilayer film and the bias mechanism portion are viewed in plane on their own, the uppermost extremity of the rear end of the magneto-resistive effect device and the uppermost extremity of the rear end of the bias mechanism portion lie at substantially the same depth-wise position, and the rear slant of the bias mechanism portion is gentler in gradient than the rear slat of the magneto-resistive effect device. It is thus possible just only to facilitate the fabrication of the device but also to achieve several advantages of being a lower rate of occurrence of noise, higher reliability and higher yields.
US07808746B2
A slider having a slider body is provided. An electrical connection is coupled to the slider body. A first actuator is coupled to the electrical connection and adapted to displace a first portion of the slider body. Additionally, a second heater is coupled to the electrical connection and adapted to displace a second portion of the slider body.
US07808745B2
A hard disk drive includes a base, a head stack assembly (HSA) that is mounted to the base so as to be rotatable relative to the base, a voice coil motor (VCM) block that has an upper section and a lower section respectively disposed above and below a voice coil support of the HSA, and a crash stopper that limits the rotation of the HSA at the voice coil support. The upper section of the VCM block has a through-hole through which the crash stopper extends into a space between the upper and lower sections of the VCM block. The lower section of the VCM block has a groove in which the crash stopper is received. The hard disk drive can be assembled in a top down manner to allow the assembly process to be fully automated.
US07808743B2
A perpendicular magnetic write head includes an auxiliary magnetic pole layer disposed on a trailing or leading side of a main magnetic pole layer, the auxiliary magnetic pole layer being recessed from the main magnetic pole layer. A nonmagnetic layer is disposed in a layer same as the auxiliary magnetic pole layer and in front of the auxiliary magnetic pole layer, the nonmagnetic layer having an internal stress of a direction same as that of the main magnetic pole layer, and a write shield layer is disposed in a layer same as the auxiliary magnetic pole layer and in front of the auxiliary magnetic pole layer, the write shield layer being separated from the main magnetic pole layer with a gap layer in between. The nonmagnetic layer is arranged to fill up a space between the auxiliary magnetic pole layer and the write shield layer.
US07808741B2
Embodiments of the present invention help to adjust the recess depth of a head element portion of a head slider. In an embodiment of the present invention, in a test step in manufacturing an HDD, the HDD examines the recess depth of a head element portion and decreases and adjusts the recess depth if the recess depth of the head element portion does not satisfy the predetermined condition. The HDD moves an actuator to a ramp of a retract position and supplies power to a heater in a head slider. If the heater power is large, the head element portion undergoes plastic deformation. The plastic deformation of the head element portion decreases the recess depth of the head element portion.
US07808731B2
The present invention provides a lens guide mechanism, a lens barrel, and an image pickup apparatus. A lens guide mechanism relating to the present invention includes: a plurality of lens frames each including a sliding section; and a guide shaft engaged with the sliding sections of the lens frames for slidably guiding the lens frames along an optical axis. The sliding section includes a contact portion in contact with the guide shaft. The sliding sections of neighboring lens frames are formed so as to overlap with each other at least when the neighboring lens frames come closer to each other.
US07808728B2
A lens barrel that can be reduced in size and improve drive accuracy. A first cylindrical member is fixed. A rotatable second cylindrical member cam-engages with the first cylindrical member so as to move in an axial direction of an axial center. A third cylindrical member engaging with the first cylindrical member so as not to rotate can move in the axial direction by the rotation of the second cylindrical member. A fourth cylindrical member cam-engaging with the third cylindrical member engages with the second cylindrical member so as to move in the axial direction by following the rotation of the second cylindrical member. A lens holding member engaging with the third cylindrical member so as not to rotate relative to the third cylindrical member can move in the axial direction by cam-engaging with the fourth cylindrical member.
US07808725B2
The invention relates to an eyepiece-connected taking optical system well fit for TV camera heads using a small-format imaging device. The taking optical system comprises a field direction turning member 1P, 2P, a positive first group and a negative second group. The first group comprises a positive cemented lens convex on its object side, a positive single lens convex on its object side and a positive cemented lens convex on its object side, and the second group comprises a negative single lens. Focus adjustment is implemented by changing a spacing t2 between the first group and the second group. The taking optical system satisfies condition (1) for defining the position of the front focus with respect to the taking lens, condition (2) for defining the refracting power of each lens group, condition (3) for defining the imaging magnification of the second group, and condition (4) for defining the profile of refracting power in the first group.
US07808720B2
A standard zoom lens system includes a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group, and a positive third lens group, in this order from the object. Upon zooming from the short focal length extremity to the long focal length extremity, the distance between the negative first lens group and the positive second lens group decreases, and the distance between the positive second lens group and the positive third lens group increases. The most image-side surface of the positive second lens group is a concave surface. The standard zoom lens system satisfies the following condition: 0.15
US07808717B2
Apparatus for providing a fluid meniscus with variable configurations by means of electrowetting. A fluid chamber (5) holds two different fluids (A, B) separated by a meniscus (14) of which the edge, having different sides, is constrained by the fluid chamber. A first electrowetting electrode (2a) is arranged to act on a first side of the meniscus edge and a second electrowetting electrode (2a′) is arranged to act separately on a second side of the meniscus edge. Selected meniscus configurations can be formed by providing selected voltages to the first and second electrowetting electrodes respectively.
US07808714B2
Provided is an image providing apparatus having connecting member connecting a head set and optical housing capable of adjusting displacement of the optical housing in the vertical direction to the eyeball of the observer when adjusting the eye-relief of the optical housing to the eyeball of the observer. The ball joint has ball portions respectively on two ends thereof, on one of the ends (upper ends) is provided to the supporting member side capable of maintaining a posture thereof, and the ball portion on another ends (lower ends) is provided to the optical housing side for maintaining a posture thereof. The connecting member has a first member and a second member, the first member is connected to the second member so as to be movable and capable of maintaining a posture thereof.
US07808712B2
Optical apparatus for simultaneously focussing first and second coaxially spaced object planes in respective separate first and second areas of a common image plane 13 (such as the sensor of a CCD camera) comprises non-diffractive beamsplitter means for receiving light from said object planes along a common path 2 for transmission to said first and second image areas along respective first and second optical paths 3, 4, and reflective or transmissive focussing means 8 arranged to bring said first and second object planes into focus in said first and second areas. The object planes may be differentiated by having different length paths 3,4 (different physical lengths and/or using a differential optical delay), and/or by having different focussing powers in the two paths. In an add-on for a camera, differently curved mirrors of long focal length modify the main camera lens. Polarising optics may be used to separate the two images. The apparatus may be used for 3-D imaging or wavefront analysis.
US07808699B2
A microscope objective includes an optical fiber. The optical fiber can deliver light for total internal reflection microscopy. The optical fiber can couple illumination light directly into the microscope objective through the optical fiber.
US07808696B2
An electrophoretic display device having improved frontal reflectance includes a first substrate including a first electrode of a transparent material having a first optical pattern, a second substrate opposing the first substrate and including a plurality of second electrodes, a spacer interposed between the first and second substrates to define a space between the first and second substrates, and a image display layer formed in the space formed by the first and second substrates and the spacer to display an image by an electric field generated between the first and second electrodes.
US07808694B2
Improvements in an interferometric modulator that has a cavity defined by two walls.
US07808692B2
A method of manufacturing permanently curved electrochromic devices is presented. The method includes provision (210, 211) of two plane thermoplastic substrates at least partly coated by an electron conducting layer. The substrates are further at least partially coated (220, 221) with an electrochromic or a counter electrode layer. The coated substrates laminated (230) together with an adhesive electrolyte layer in the middle into an electrochromic laminate sheet. The electrochromic device is formed (240) by thermoforming the covered substrates into a permanent curvature, prior or after the further coating, prior to the laminating of the substrates or by thermoforming the electrochromic laminate sheet after the lamination. Once formed, the coated substrates or electrochromic device, respectively, permanently remains in its curved shape. Additional layer, such as bus bars and layers for chemically adaptation can be provided onto the substrates prior or after the thermoforming step.
US07808686B2
It is intended to provide a picture editor which displays the color pictorial data matching designated pictorial information, according to pictorial information code of the analyzed color pictorial data of a plurality of color pictures added to the color pictorial data, picks out and displays the color pictorial data matching designated pictorial information. For this purpose, the information code of each pictorial information on brightness, saturation, and hue of the color pictorial data, which is analyzed, digitized, and averaged in a pictorial data analyzing unit, is added to the color pictorial data in a retrieval information adding unit. According to the color pictorial data to which the information code is added, a retrieving unit picks out the color pictorial data matching designated pictorial information. A video monitor displays the retrieved color pictorial data.
US07808680B2
An image forming apparatus including: a reflection member to reflect light at a first position spaced a predetermined distance from a scan glass; a moving unit to move the reflection member between the first position and a second position; and a control unit to generate initial reference data from an image signal transmitted from a scanning device to receive the light reflected by the reflection member. When the initial reference data is not suitable for shading correction, the control unit controls the moving unit to move the reflection member to the second position for reference data reacquisition.
US07808678B2
An image processing device includes a multivalue-converting unit that converts input binary image data including plural color components into multivalued image data; a restriction unit that restricts imaging materials to be used for multivalued image data produced by the multivalue-converting unit; and a binarizing unit that binarizes the multivalued image data for which the imaging materials to be used have been restricted by the restriction unit.
US07808674B2
Techniques are disclosed for stitching images printed by a multi-head printer in a manner that is relatively insensitive to misregistration of the image segments. When a pair of overlapping print heads print a pair of adjacent image segments which meet in a stitching region, printing at each location in the stitching region is accomplished by both print heads with a weighting that depends on the location being printed within the stitching region. In one embodiment, for example, the output of each print head is weighted by a linear function of horizontal pixel position. Techniques are also disclosed for selecting screening patterns for use when stitching is performed with variable-dot printers. Such screening patterns are selected to minimize variations in density that may arise as the result of cross-web and/or down-web misregistration.
US07808672B2
An image forming device for printing a page which incorporates content data acquired from a reference destination, capable of starting printing earlier. A display analyzing section (33) analyzes a printing document and lays out a document element for tentative page dividing. In the laying out, for a document element whose content data needs to be acquired from a reference destination, a tentative size is used and, for a document element having content data of a known rendering size, the rendering size is used. A document manager (45) monitors a state of acquisition of the content data and instructs a rendering section (34), upon detection of completion of acquisition of content data to be laid out on a first page, to render the image of the page.
US07808668B2
An image forming system includes an image forming apparatus and a user interface device. The image forming apparatus forms an image on a recording material. The user interface device is connected to the image forming apparatus. The user interface device accepts a user's input, outputs the input to the image forming apparatus and displays information based on data input from the image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus sends a notification to the user interface device before the image forming apparatus executes a process of changing one operation mode to another operation mode. The process of changing includes disconnecting communication between the image forming apparatus and the user interface device. The user interface device displays information corresponding to the notification received from the image forming apparatus.
US07808667B2
A communication device, which receives data from outside, reads identification information from a storage medium in a noncontact manner, and determines whether or not the identification information has been read. When a determination is made that the identification information has been read, the communication device retrieves a processing mode stored by being associated with the identification information. The communication device executes a processing of the received data by the retrieved processing mode.
US07808665B2
There is described an image communication apparatus and an image communication program capable of transmitting image data with the output attribute conforming to the communication charge, and capable of determining the image data output attribute at an earlier phase. The image communication apparatus includes: a signal judgment section which judges specific signals received via a network; an output setting section which sets output attribution of image data to be transmitted for a destination via the network in accordance with a judgment result by the signal judgment section; a network switching section which switches a network for transmitting the image data to the destination in accordance with the judgment result by the signal judgment section. The signal judgment section judges the specific signals after requesting connection with the destination to the network and before establishing the connection with the destination. The specific signals represent charge information about communication with the destination.
US07808658B2
A printing system that includes: a printing condition command receiving unit that receives a primary printing condition command, the primary condition command being included together with printing image data in printing control data; printing condition command converting unit that converts the primary printing condition command to a secondary printing condition command corresponding to a printing apparatus; and a printing apparatus that carries out processing related to printing the printing image data based on the secondary printing condition command.
US07808654B1
An optical measuring apparatus for measuring 3D surface profiles of an object comprising, in combination: a linear detector array; an imaging system including a light source to image the object onto the detector array; and machine readable software for producing a 3D topology map from a 2D image, wherein the apparatus is calibrated by changing the optical focus distance between the detector array and the object for the purpose of 3D measurement calibration, and changing the relative lateral positions between the detector array and the object for the purpose of scanning the object's surface.
US07808653B2
A method of measuring the topography of a large, thin, non-flat specular substrate in a production environment with minimal movement of a majority of the measurement apparatus. A gimbal-mounted reflecting element is used to steer a short coherence length probe beam such that the probe beam is substantially perpendicular to a local surface of the substrate. The probe beam and the reference beam are combined and the resulting interference pattern used to characterize defects on the local surface.
US07808648B2
A method and device for optical determination of physical properties of features, not much larger than the optical wavelength used, on a test sample are described. A beam is split into reference and illuminating beams having known polarization. The test sample is exposed to the illuminating beam and recombined to form an image. The image is detected using at least one sensor, which may be cameras. A point-to-point map of polarization, phase and power is extracted from data representing the image. Optionally, the sensor may be a camera. The sensor may detect at least three optical parameters, such as a Stokes vector, a Jones vector, a Jones matrix, a Mueller matrix or a coherency matrix.
US07808646B2
An interferometer for optically measuring an object (10), including a light source (1), at least one beam splitter (2) and at least one detector (12a, 12b), with the beam splitter being arranged in the beam path of the light source such that a light beam created by the light source is split into a working beam (3) and a reference beam (4). The interferometer is embodied such that the working beam impinges on the object (10) to be measured and the working beam is at least partially reflected by the object and interfered with the reference beam on the detector (12a, 12b). Here it is essential that the interferometer is provided with a spatial light modulator, which comprises a hologram control unit (9) and a hologram reconstruction unit (8) connected thereto, with the hologram reconstruction unit being arranged in the beam path of the working beam between the beam splitter (2) and the object (10) and the hologram control unit (9) controlling the hologram reconstruction unit (8) such that the hologram reconstruction unit creates an optionally predetermined hologram such that the working beam is deflected and/or split by the hologram reconstruction unit.
US07808640B2
A system for providing photoacoustic spectroscopy. A light source having a quantum dot filter may provide a band of infrared light which is to be reflected by a lamellar grating to a photoacoustic chamber. The light may be modulated by the grating. The chamber may contain a sample of fluid for which spectral information is sought. A sensor may detect acoustic pressures in the chamber which indicate the spectral information. Signals from the sensor may be processed and displayed. Identification and concentration of certain substances in the fluid may be obtained.
US07808620B2
A testing device equipped with: a microchip having a receiver for a test fluid, a discharge lamp which emits light into the microchip test fluid receiver, a light source housing in which the discharge lamp is located, and an arithmetic calculation mechanism, which calculates the concentration of the component to be detected, based on the intensity of the light emitted from the test fluid container unit. To reduce the size of the device and to shield the arithmetic calculation mechanism from electromagnetic waves generated around the light source, the light source housing is equipped with shielding connected to the ground on the outside of the light source housing made of insulating material. The light source housing is positioned within an enclosure of the testing device holding the microchip and containing the arithmetic calculation mechanism, analysis output device(s), and other components of the testing device.
US07808619B2
A fluid analysis apparatus includes a cell body having a chamber disposed therein for containing fluid during analysis thereof. The chamber is specifically configured to operably and statically secure a radiant energy guiding member solely through surface-to-surface interaction.
US07808615B2
The invention concerns a method for operating a projection exposure apparatus to project the image of a structure of an object (5) arranged in an object plane (6) onto a substrate (10) arranged in an image plane (8). The object (5) is illuminated with light of an operating wavelength of the projection exposure apparatus according to one of several adjustable exposure modes. The light produces changes in at least one optical element (9) of the projection exposure apparatus, by which the optical properties of the projection exposure apparatus are influenced. The operation of the projection exposure apparatus makes allowance for the influencing of the optical properties of the projection exposure apparatus or a quantity dependent on the former, being calculated approximately on the basis of the exposure mode used and the structure of the object (5).
US07808605B2
The present invention relates to a foil material for transfer to a target substrate, and methods for manufacturing such a foil material. In a method according to the present invention, a plastic substrate foil (32) is provided that is suitable for aligning liquid crystal material. To the substrate foil (32) is discontiguously applied a layer (34) comprising a liquid crystal material that is aligned.
US07808601B2
A liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a sealing member. The sealing member is sandwiched between the first and second substrates, and forms a perimeter encircling a display area of the LCD device. After delivery of at least one drop of liquid crystal, any excessive liquid crystal trapped within the perimeter is discharged through a discharge port in the sealing member. The discharge port is plugged with a sealant.
US07808596B2
Provided are a TFT LCD array substrate and manufacturing method thereof. The TFT LCD array substrate comprises a substrate, a gate line and a data line formed on the substrate and crossing each other so as to define a pixel area, a pixel electrode formed in the pixel area, a TFT formed in the pixel area, a common electrode formed on the substrate and extending parallel to the data line. The common electrode is not formed in the central portion of a pixel area, thus improving the aperture ratio.
US07808590B2
A fabricating method of an array substrate for a transflective liquid crystal display device includes: forming a gate electrode and a gate line on the substrate; depositing a first insulating layer on the gate electrode and the gate line; forming an active layer on the first insulating layer over the gate electrode; forming an ohmic contact layer on the active layer; forming source and drain electrodes on the ohmic contact layer, and a data line connected to the source electrode, the data line defining a pixel region with the gate line; depositing a second insulating layer on the source and drain electrodes, and the data line, the second insulating layer having an inorganic material; forming a reflective plate on the second insulating layer at the pixel region, the reflective plate having a transmissive hole; forming a third insulating layer on the reflective plate; and forming a pixel electrode on the third insulating layer at the pixel region, the pixel electrode being transparent and connected to the drain electrode.
US07808586B2
An electrooptic device includes: a pair of first and second substrates that sandwich an electrooptic material; a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed in a pixel region on the first substrate; a first light shielding layer disposed on the second substrate, the first light shielding layer defining the periphery of the pixel region; a sealing material that bonds the first substrate and the second substrate together in a sealing region around the periphery of a first light shielding region having the first light shielding layer; a dustproof substrate disposed on the surface of the second substrate opposite to the electrooptic material; a second light shielding layer disposed on the dustproof substrate so as to enclose the pixel region; and a third light shielding layer disposed on the dustproof substrate so as to at least partly overlap with the first and second light shielding layers.
US07808581B2
A backlight apparatus includes a point source of radiant electromagnetic energy. A total internal reflection (TIR) lens has a vertical central axis located along a path of the radiant electromagnetic energy. The TIR lens receives and evenly distributes the radiant electromagnetic energy at an output face. The radiant electromagnetic energy exiting the TIR lens is substantially collimated and defines vertical optical paths parallel to the vertical central axis. A first diffuser receives the radiant electromagnetic energy from the output face of the TIR lens and spreads the radiant electromagnetic energy to a predetermined first angle relative to the vertical optical paths.
US07808573B2
An LCOS panel module including a substrate, a flexible printed circuit (FPC), an LCOS panel, and a face mask is provided. The substrate has an adhesive region on a surface thereof. The FPC is disposed on the substrate and has an opening for exposing the adhesive region. The LCOS panel has a bottom surface and a top surface. The bottom surface of the LCOS panel is fixed on the adhesive region of the substrate exposed from the opening through an adhesive layer and is electrically connected to the FPC. The face mask used for framing the display region of the LCOS panel and sheltering from stray light is disposed on the LCOS panel and has a display opening. A display region of the top surface of the LCOS panel is exposed from the display opening of the face mask.
US07808569B2
A method for manufacturing a pixel structure includes forming a first conductive layer on a substrate and patterning the first conductive layer with use of a first mask as an etching mask to form a gate. A dielectric layer is formed over the substrate to cover the gate. A semiconductor material layer is formed on the dielectric layer and patterned with use of the first mask as an etching mask to form a semiconductor layer on the dielectric layer. A second conductive layer is formed over the substrate and patterned with use of a second mask as an etching mask to form a source/drain over the substrate. A third conductive layer is formed over the substrate and patterned with use of a third mask as an etching mask to form a pixel electrode over the substrate. The pixel electrode is electrically connected to the drain.
US07808567B2
A pixel structure is provided. The pixel structure comprises a lower substrate with a transistor and pixel area; a first patterned conductive layer, which has a data line and a gate within the transistor area that is disposed on the lower substrate; a patterned insulator layer covering the first patterned conductive layer; an active layer disposed on the patterned insulator layer above the gate; a second patterned conductive layer with a gate line disposed on the patterned insulator layer, source and drain, wherein the source and the drain are disposed on the active layer; a pixel electrode disposed on the patterned insulator layer and electrically connected to the drain; a patterned passivation layer disposed on the patterned insulator layer, gate line, source, drain and pixel electrode; and a third patterned conductive layer, which has a data line connecting electrode, a gate line connecting electrode, at least one alignment electrode and a common electrode. The data line is electrically connected to the source through the data line connecting electrode; the gate line is electrically connected to the gate through the gate line connecting electrode; the alignment electrode is electrically connected to the pixel electrode; and a portion of the common electrode is disposed above the data line.
US07808555B2
An image display method of adding a special effect to a plurality of images, changing the plurality of images in time series, and sequentially displaying the plurality of images, the method including an input step of inputting an image, a detection step of detecting a feature area from the input image, a determination step of determining the content of the special effect of a target image on the basis of the detected feature area and the special effect of a previous image which is displayed prior to the detected target image, and a display control step of displaying the image with the determined special effect.
US07808550B2
A digital still camera includes has a camera body. An imaging unit is secured to the camera body, and has an image pickup device incorporated therein. A rotational supporting mechanism supports the camera body on the imaging unit between a closed position and an open position. The camera body is disposed lower than the imaging unit. The camera body, when in the closed position, is inside an extending region defined by extending a shape of the imaging unit downwards, and when in the open position, is offset from the extending region of the imaging unit. In a preferred embodiment, a central axis of the rotational supporting mechanism extends vertically. The open position is located horizontally from the closed position.
US07808544B2
An electronic still camera includes a finder optical system for viewing a subject image. An imaging section obtains the subject image. A display section displays the subject image based on image data associated with the subject image obtained by the imaging section. A mode selecting section selects either a first mode in which the electronic still camera performs imaging operation using the imaging section while a user views the subject image through the finder optical system or a second mode in which the electronic still camera performs imaging operation using the imaging section while the user views the subject image on the display section. A first focus detection circuit performs a first focus detecting operation when the first mode is selected by the mode selecting section. A second focus detection circuit performs a second focus detecting operation when the second mode is selected by the mode selecting section.
US07808540B2
An integrated imaging apparatus is disclosed for displaying images of a scene, including an electronic display having a display pixel that is used to display image content, the display pixel having a substrate, one-or-more electronic component(s) formed over a distinct portion of the substrate, a first electrode connected to the electronic component(s) having a first transparent portion formed over the substrate but not over the electronic component(s) and a second reflective portion formed over the electronic component(s), a light-emitting layer(s) formed over the first electrode, and a second transparent electrode formed over the light-emitting layers; and at least one image capture device which captures an image, wherein the image capture device has at least an imaging lens and an image sensor array; and wherein the image capture device receives light through the transparent portion of the first electrode, and wherein the display pixel also provides light to display image content.
US07808539B2
Pixel signals are sequentially output from an image sensor in a reverse order to an order in which light sensing cells are arranged with respect to one of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. In an image processor, first, a data reading part transfers the pixel signals in the same order as corresponding light sensing cells are arranged with respect to both of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, and a signal sequence of the pixel signals is changed. Then, the pixel signals which are output group by group are sequentially selected by a selector in accordance with a sequence of groups. As a result, the pixel signals can be supplied from the selector in an order conforming a two-dimensional array of the light sensing cells, to thereby facilitate color interpolation which is to be later performed by a color interpolator.
US07808538B2
A CMOS image sensor having blooming reduction mechanisms is disclosed. The image sensor can include a plurality of pixels arranged in rows and a timing and control circuit in electrical communication with the plurality of pixels. The timing and control circuit includes a readout module configured for outputting a first row of pixels exposed for a first exposure period, outputting a second row of pixels exposed for the first exposure period after outputting the first row of pixels, and thereafter outputting a third row of pixels exposed for a second exposure period different than the first exposure period, the third row of pixels being between the first and second rows of pixels.
US07808534B2
Vertical and horizontal smear in images produced by a CCD imager can be compensated for by detecting the boundaries of the smear and substituting data from an alternative part of the image, or interpolated data within those boundaries. Vertical, or frame transfer, smear can also be compensated for by producing an error signal from charge accumulated during frame transfer and corresponding to one or more masked rows of the CCD imager. This error signal can be subtracted from the line signals corresponding to each row of the CCD images receiving radiation during image acquisitions. The CCD imager includes a multiplication register. The dynamic range of the imager may be extended by varying the gain of the multiplication register, for example on a line-by-line or frame-by-frame basis.
US07808533B2
A CCD captures a subject image having passed through a taking lens and an image processing circuit performs various types of image pre-treatment including gamma correction and white balance on image data corresponding to n lines×m rows output by the CCD. The image processing circuit also performs format processing on the data. The data are then compressed at a compression circuit. The white balance adjustment and the like are implemented in line sequence at a line processing circuit which engages in signal processing in pixel sequence in units of individual lines in the output from the CCD. The image data having undergone the pre-treatment are then subjected to format processing prior to JPEG compression, at a block processing circuit that engages in signal processing in units of individual blocks each ranging over an n×m (N>n, M>m) block. In other words, the signal processing is performed in block sequence.
US07808530B2
An apparatus and method is disclosed which allows a user to grasp recording image regions for a moving image and a still image to be recorded actually to perform accurate image recording. An image pickup apparatus which can record moving images and still images determines forms of guide frames for a moving image and a still image based on aspect ratios for moving images and still images set in advance by a user. The guide frames are displayed on a monitor screen in response to a situation of an actual recording process. Where the image pickup apparatus is not in a state wherein image data can be recorded such as where a medium does not exist, only a guide frame for an image of a category which can be recorded is displayed together with a picked up image.
US07808529B2
A preprocessor performs a signal processing operation by using an image signal DVa generated by picking up a subject image. A frame adder adds frames of an image signal DVb generated by the preprocessor so as to generate an image signal DVc with a changed frame rate. When changing the setting of the signal processing operation of the preprocessor, the signal processing operation is restarted with the new setting at the start or at the end of a frame addition period (in units of frame addition periods) of the frame adder based on a determination signal indicating the frame addition period.
US07808519B2
A line head, includes: a microlens array in which a plurality of microlenses having a magnification whose absolute value is below 1 are arranged in a main scanning direction of a surface-to-be-scanned, and a plurality of luminous element groups which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the respective plurality of microlenses, wherein in each of the plurality of luminous element groups, a plurality of luminous elements are arranged at mutually different main-scanning-direction positions in the main scanning direction, the plurality of luminous elements are respectively caused to emit lights at timings in conformity with a movement of the surface-to-be-scanned in a sub scanning direction, and light beams emitted from the plurality of luminous elements are imaged on the surface-to-be-scanned at mutually different main-scanning-direction positions in the main scanning direction to form a plurality of spots side by side on the surface-to-be-scanned in the main scanning direction, and in each of the plurality of luminous element groups, out of the plurality of luminous elements constituting the luminous element group, two luminous elements caused to emit lights to form adjacent spots are arranged at mutually different sub-scanning-direction positions in the sub scanning direction.
US07808517B2
A thermal activator has a heating device that heats a heat sensitive adhesive layer of a heat sensitive adhesive sheet to activate the adhesive layer. The adhesive sheet has a printable surface formed on one side of a sheet-like base and the heat sensitive adhesive layer formed on the other side thereof. A transporting device transports the heat sensitive adhesive sheet in a predetermined direction. A sheet material prevents a heat sensitive adhesive of the heat sensitive adhesive layer or a denatured product of the heat sensitive adhesive from adhering to the transporting device.
US07808511B2
A method for pre-processing a vector image, including: receiving data for a vector image, the vector image data including a list of descriptions of global vector objects that can be rasterized for display at arbitrary levels of resolution; for each local region from among a plurality of local rectangular regions of the vector image, the local rectangular regions being associated with levels of resolution, determining local vector objects that correspond to intersections of global vector objects with such local region; and for each local region from among the plurality of local rectangular regions, storing descriptions of its local vector objects within a computer memory.
US07808510B2
An image processing apparatus, an image transmission apparatus, a display, an image processing method and an image transmission method, capable of suppressing tone or gray-level distortion before and after dithering as well as reducing and then increasing the number of bit-planes of an image. An image processing apparatus comprises a first image processor for performing multi-level dithering based on a two-dimensional dither matrix to reduce the bit-plane number of a raster image as an original image, a memory for storing image data of the raster image whose bit-plane number has been reduced by the first image processor, and a second image processor for performing bit addition for the image data read out from the memory to increase the bit-plane number thereof. The first image processor applies to the multi-level dithering the sum of threshold values generated by a threshold generator and offset values generated by an offset generator for minimizing the difference between the signal value of the original image and the average of all the dither values of the raster image whose bit-plane number has been increased. A threshold matrix is obtained by changing matrix values of the two-dimensional dither matrix corresponding to matrix values of an offset matrix not being “0” (zero) to values other than their original values, respectively.
US07808507B1
Systems and methods for determining a compression tag state prior to memory client arbitration may reduce the latency for memory accesses. A compression tag is associated with each portion of a surface stored in memory and indicates whether or not the data stored in each portion is compressed or not. A client uses the compression tags to construct memory access requests and the size of each request is based on whether or not the portion of the surface to be accessed is compressed or not. When multiple clients access the same surface the compression tag reads are interlocked with the pending memory access requests to ensure that the compression tags provided to each client are accurate. This mechanism allows for memory bandwidth optimizations including reordering memory access requests for efficient access.
US07808505B2
A high-speed ring topology. In one embodiment, two base chip types are required: a “drawing” chip, LoopDraw, and an “interface” chip, LoopInterface. Each of these chips have a set of pins that supports an identical high speed point to point unidirectional input and output ring interconnect interface: the LoopLink. The LoopDraw chip uses additional pins to connect to several standard memories that form a high bandwidth local memory sub-system. The LoopInterface chip uses additional pins to support a high speed host computer host interface, at least one video output interface, and possibly also additional non-local interconnects to other LoopInterface chip(s).
US07808504B2
PC-based computing system having an integrated graphics subsystem supporting parallel graphics processing operations across a plurality of different graphics processing units (GPUs) supplied from the same or different vendors. The graphics subsystem include a graphics controller hub (GCH) chip located on a CPU bus, and having Multi-Pipeline Core Logic (MP-CL) circuitry including a routing unit and a control unit. The plurality of different GPUs are interfaced with the GCH chip. Each different GPU supports a GPU-driven pipeline core having a frame buffer (FB) for storing a fragment of pixel data. The GPU-driven pipeline cores are arranged in a parallel architecture and operated according to a parallelization mode of operation, so that said GPU-driven pipeline cores process data in a parallel manner. In one illustrative embodiment, the different GPUs are located (i) within an integrated graphics device (IGD) within the GCH chip, and also (ii) on one or more external GPU-based graphics cards from the same or different vendors. In another illustrative embodiment, the different GPUs are located on a plurality of external GPU-based graphics cards from different vendors. Diverse illustrative embodiments are disclosed.
US07808500B2
Embodiments of the invention provide methods and apparatus to improve the efficiency of a ray tracing image processing system. According to one embodiment of the invention, when building a spatial index the position of a splitting plane used to create a bounding volume may be jittered or moved along an axis to determine if a more efficient location for the splitting plane exists. After jittering the splitting plane a number of primitives intersected by the splitting plane may be calculated. The number of primitives intersected by the splitting plane for each location may be compared, and the location with the fewest intersected primitives may be chosen for the final position of the splitting plane. By choosing the location with the fewest intersected primitives the number of ray-primitive intersection tests necessary when performing ray tracing may be reduced. Consequently, the efficiency of the image processing system may be improved.
US07808498B2
The apparatus has an evaluated value calculating means 102 for calculating the complexity of the object shape and the complexity of the modeling structure of the object CAD data input by the CAD data inputting means 101; a searching means 104 for searching the reference CAD data in the reference CAD data base 103 in accordance with the condition of said complexity; an evaluated value calculating means 106 for calculating the complexity of the object shape and the complexity of the modeling structure based on the searched reference CAD data; and a displaying means 105 for evaluated values obtained by the means 102 and the means 106 on the graphic representation defining its horizontal axis for the complexity of the object shape and its vertical axis for the complexity of the modeling structure. It will be appreciated that the man-hour for evaluating large amount of various models can be reduced by means of not using a CAD system.
US07808495B2
There is provided a display device which enables both a full color moving image display (analog mode) and a shallow depth still image display (digital mode), and which achieves a significant reduction in the energy consumption of the display device system including the external LSI. Each of the pixel elements of the display device has two different display circuits corresponding to the respective display modes and a switching circuit for selecting one of them. When the digital mode is selected, the supply of the voltage power to the circuits not required to operate (a DA converter, a operational amplifier and a timing controller) under the mode is halted for reducing the consumption of the electric power by the display device.
US07808494B2
A display device that employs fewer IC chips and lends itself to cost-efficient manufacturing is presented. The device includes: a plurality of pixel rows including first and second pixels alternately arranged; a plurality of first and second gate lines disposed above and below the pixel rows and applying first and second gate-on voltages to the first and the second pixels, respectively; data lines intersecting the first and the second gate lines, each data line disposed between the first and the second pixels in a pair of first and second pixels and applying data voltages to the first and the second pixels; first and second gate drivers applying the first and the second gate-on voltages to the first and the second gate lines; and a data driver applying the data voltages to the data lines, wherein the second gate-on voltage is applied earlier than the first gate-on voltages by a predetermined time.
US07808488B2
Products and processes for providing tactile sensations to input devices or electronic devices are provided. Input devices include mechanical input devices (such as, for example, mechanical switches) and non-mechanical input devices (such as, for example, touchpads). Tactile feedback is provided by using an actuator or other means in communication with the input device or electronic device. A controller may be employed to receive signals from the input devices and control the actuator. Tactile feedback to an input device or electronic device may be provided in response to one or more events or situations. Such an event or situation may be any one designated. Examples of such events and situations include the level of pressure placed on an input device; the availability or lack of availability of a function associated with an input device; and the function, menu, or mode of operation associated with an input device's activation. A variety of feedback types and combinations may be selected.
US07808479B1
An ambidextrous mouse is disclosed. The ambidextrous mouse is configured for both left and right handed use. The mouse may include right handed buttons on the front side of the mouse and left handed buttons on the back side of the mouse. The user may change the handedness of the mouse by rotating the mouse about a vertical axis of the mouse such that the left hand can use the left hand buttons and the right hand can use the right hand buttons. The mouse may include a handedness selection system for configuring the mouse for right handed or left handed use even though the mouse has the capability for both right and left hands.
US07808478B2
An autonomous handheld device comprises a drawing module having drawing capabilities for electronically editing a drawing and a motion sensing feature for sensing self-motion. The autonomous handheld device is configured to associate the motion sensing feature with the drawing capability thereby to allow sensed motion of the motion sensing feature to modify the electronic editing.
US07808471B2
A scan driving circuit including an input terminal to receive an input signal or a voltage output from a previous stage; first and second clock terminals to receive first and second clock signals having phases inverted to each other and partially overlap at a high level, respectively; and a plurality of stages having an output terminal to output scan signals having a low level in sequence, leaving an interval between the scan signals, equivalent to a time the first and second clock signals overlap at the high level, wherein the output terminal of the stage is maintained to have a non-floating state regardless of whether the stage outputs the scan signal.
US07808468B2
A source driver for controlling a slew rate of a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a method for controlling the slew rate is provided. The source driver includes a plurality of output buffers for driving data lines, and a bias circuit for varying a bias voltage inputted to the output buffers to control a slew rate of the output buffers.
US07808466B2
The present invention provides an IPS-type transflective liquid crystal display device in which a contrast is not inverted between a transmissive portion and a reflective portion. The transflective liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel having a pair of substrates and liquid crystal which is sandwiched between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal display panel includes the plurality of sub pixels each of which includes a transmissive portion and a reflective portion, each sub pixel of the plurality of sub pixels includes a pixel electrode which is formed on one substrate out of the pair of substrates and a counter electrode which is formed on the one substrate, and an electric field is generated between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode thus driving the liquid crystal. Further, each sub pixel is configured such that the pixel electrode is formed in common with respect to the transmissive portion and the reflective portion and the counter electrode is formed independently with respect to the transmissive portion and the reflective portion.
US07808459B2
A display device includes a pixel circuit unit comprising a plurality of pixels to display an image, a data driver to supply data signals to the pixel circuit unit, a scan driver to supply scan signals to the pixel circuit unit, a black/white transition detector to detect a degree of black/white transition of the image, a gamma corrector to adjust the data signal by providing a gamma value to the data driver, and a timing controller to apply control signals to the data driver and the scan driver, receive the degree of black/white transition from the black/white transition detector, and provide a corrected gamma control signal to the gamma corrector according to the degree of black/white transition.
US07808458B2
A light emitting display displays an image on a display panel having a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixel circuits. In the light emitting display, one of the plurality of pixel circuits includes a light emitting element having a first electrode and a second electrode, and a current detector. The light emitting display further includes: a current estimator for estimating the amount of current flowing through the light emitting element; a controller for outputting a gamma compensation value; and a data driver for generating a data signal.
US07808457B2
It is an object of the present invention to provide a light emitting device which can be made into a module with smaller volume. By using a light emitting element represented by an EL element and the like as a pixel portion, two pixel portions are formed at different portions over the light emitting device. A first pixel portion comprises a plurality of pixels arranged in matrix. In the periphery of the first pixel portion, a first source line driving circuit and a first gate line driving circuit for transmitting signals to the first pixel portion are formed. A second pixel portion is formed of passive pixels, and segregated from a TFT group which constitutes the first pixel portion, the first source line driving circuit, and the first gate line driving circuit in the direction from the back surface of the substrate to the top surface of the substrate by interposing an interlayer film therebetween.
US07808451B1
An organic electroluminescent display device connected by a blocking diode in series to an organic light-emitting diode (OLED). Each pixel or subpixel of the electroluminescent display device comprises an OLED, a blocking diode to prevent the OLED from being reversed biased, a rectification diode to isolate the column electrode from unselected rows and a capacitor as a memory device. The charge stored in each memory capacitor may be increased by the blocking diode in series with each OLED. A frame period of the display device is divided into sub-frames that have address and light emission periods. Current mode data programming is used to address the device in each sub-frame. A ramp waveform is applied to the row electrode during the light emission period, to cause the capacitor to discharge through the OLED and control the forward current level.
US07808447B1
A system, method, and computer program product are provided. In use, a unique monoscopic output is received from a graphics processor. The unique monoscopic output includes a first frame for display utilizing a first display, and a second frame for display utilizing a second display. Thus, a plurality of displays may be driven utilizing the unique monoscopic output.
US07808442B2
The present invention discloses a multi-band antenna. The antenna includes a ground portion, a parasitic unit connecting with the ground portion and operated at a first frequency band, a first radiation portion having a feeding point and operated at a second frequency band, a second radiation portion connecting with the feeding point and operated at a third frequency band. The first radiation portion and the second radiation portion are located between the parasitic unit and the ground portion.
US07808441B2
The antenna includes an electrically conductive antenna body having a polyhedral shape with opposing first and second ends and a medial portion therebetween. The medial portion of the electrically conductive antenna body is wider than the opposing first and second ends thereof, and the electrically conductive antenna body has a slot therein extending from at least adjacent the first end to at least adjacent the second end. The polyhedral antenna has an omnidirectional pattern, is horizontally polarized and broad in bandwidth above a lower cutoff frequency.
US07808440B2
A dipole antenna includes a plurality of parallel metal wires as its basic structure, and a plurality of identical or similar unit circuits arranged in a row in an extending direction of the plurality of metal wires and connected with each other. The unit circuits each have a tie portion that connects the metal wires with each other via at least one first inductor, and at least one first capacitor provided on at least one of the metal wires. The plurality of metal wires each have a base portion and an extended portion, and the plurality of metal wires are each bent such that the extended portion extends at an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the base portion.
US07808434B2
Embodiments of the invention may provide for a variety of antennae structures, including the following: a) antennae structures printed directly on the sides of the radio frequency (RF) module or integrated passive device (IPD), b) printed antennae structures fabricated on preformed dielectric lids or overmolds, c) antennae structures fabricated as part of the dielectric wiring that constitutes the wireless module, d) antennae structures that are printed directly on the top of the finished RF module, and e) antennae structures printed directly on the dielectric layers adjacent to thin film wiring and embedded passive elements such as filters, diplexers and couplers.
US07808431B2
The antenna apparatus includes first to fourth antenna elements successively arranged at regular angular intervals around the central point on the same plane and respectively having first to fourth feed points, and a phase shifter delaying the phase of the received electric wave approximately by 90 degrees. The unidirectivity of the antenna apparatus is controlled in four directions of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees by selectively connecting the first to fourth feed points, the phase shifter and a television receiver. Therefore, multipath interference in these directions can be suppressed.
US07808428B2
A GNSS system includes a receiver connected to an external mass storage device. Applications for the system, including GNSS data processing methods are also disclosed. The external storage device can comprise a flash (thumb) drive, which can be connected to the receiver via a USB interconnection.
US07808427B1
A radar system comprises a first transmit/receive module for a first frequency band and a first polarization, a second transmit/receive module for the first frequency band and a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization, a third transmit/receive module for a second frequency band and the first polarization, a fourth transmit/receive module for the second frequency band and the second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization, a first plurality of splitter/combiners to receive outputs from the first and second transmit/receive modules, a second plurality of splitter/combiners to receive outputs from the third and fourth transmit/receive modules, a plurality of lens phase shifter pairs to receive outputs from the first plurality of splitter/combiners, a plurality of diplexers to receive signals from the plurality of lens phase shifter pairs and from the second plurality of splitter/combiners, and, a radiator assembly including a series of radiator elements coupled to the plurality of diplexers.
US07808418B2
Techniques for enabling a time-to-digital (TDC) to sample with sub-inverter delay resolution are disclosed. In an embodiment, the inputs to a differential D-Q flip-flop in the TDC are coupled to a single-ended signal and a delayed and inverted version of that signal to allow time interpolation of the signal. Further disclosed are techniques to balance the loads of a first delay line and a complementary delay line within the TDC.
US07808416B2
A selection circuit receives a plural number (m) of respective different values of voltages as reference voltages to select and output two voltages. An amplifier receives at two input terminals the two reference voltages output from the selection circuit to output an output voltage extrapolated.
US07808413B2
Systems and methods for processing a plurality of input signals are provided. A plurality of selection signals are received. Each of the plurality of selection signals is representative of one of a plurality of input signal characteristics. Each of the input signal characteristics is associated with one of the plurality of input signals. The plurality of input signals are converted into at least one digital waveform. A plurality of signal values may be extracted from the at least one digital waveform based on the plurality of input signal characteristics. An output signal may be generated based on each of the plurality of signal values.
US07808412B2
An integrated circuit device includes an amplifier circuit that receives an input signal and performs an offset adjustment corresponding to a DC offset of the input signal and a gain adjustment corresponding to an amplitude of the input signal, a filter that is provided in a subsequent stage of the amplifier circuit, a cut-off frequency of the filter being variably set corresponding to a frequency band of the input signal, an A/D converter that is provided in a subsequent stage of the filter and performs an A/D conversion process on a signal amplified by the amplifier circuit, and a control circuit that sets an offset adjustment of the amplifier circuit, a gain adjustment of the amplifier circuit, and the cut-off frequency of the filter.
US07808411B2
Embodiments of the invention relate to a method and a corresponding circuit for digitizing an analog signal. Applying a nonlinear function to the signal, digitizing the signal and applying the inverse of the nonlinear function to the digital samples improve the digital samples.
US07808404B1
A seed generator for a scrambler comprises a seed set identifier that identifies a seed set based on received user data symbols, which include a plurality of M-bit symbols. A seed selector selects a scrambling seed for the scrambler from the seed set based on Hamming distances between at least two of the M-bit symbols in the seed set.
US07808402B1
Systems and methods of controlling traffic including a traffic signal. The traffic signal including one or more lamps configured to each display a plurality of patterns by selectively powering different groups of bulbs. Embodiments of the invention include lamps configured to alternatively display an arrow pattern, a filled circle pattern, a bar pattern or other pattern meaningful to traffic control. The pattern displayed is optionally dependant on available power sources, ambient light, traffic flow, time of day or day of week. Embodiments of the invention include a bulb assembly including different groups of bulbs and configured to be controlled using as few as two hot electrical inputs.
US07808400B2
The present invention is directed to a method of (1) providing continuous monitoring of various operating and environmental characteristics using RFID technology or similar wireless technology and (2) capturing data on historical events that have occurred on the circuits used for the transmission and distribution of electric power. The invention has the additional capability to communicate the information to operators at the site, in remote locations, or to other equipment (peer to peer). The invention provides a low cost method and apparatus to monitor and store operating characteristics and events on the electric power distribution circuit. The information can be used to reduce the duration of outages, for improving system reliability, to study the impact on the power grid of various environmental factors, to enhance the ability to react to operating conditions such as overloads, etc.
US07808388B2
A security system for inventory automatically detects removal of inventory items from an area or areas protected with security sensors. A person removing the item then scans an identifying code of the item, such as its bar code or radio-frequency identification (“RFID”) tag, with a device such as a portable shopping assistant device; if the item is not scanned in an appropriate manner, such as within a particular a time period, then theft of the item may be suspected. Information for completing a purchase transaction can be sent from the portable shopping assistant device. In this manner, items can be purchased directly from the protected areas.
US07808387B1
The present disclosure provides for a voltage reference circuit for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag circuit. Such a circuit is formed in a substrate that is lightly doped with impurities of a first polarity. A first transistor having a first source connected to a ground, a first gate doped with impurities of the first polarity, and a first drain connected to the first gate at a reference node, a reference current source to provide a reference current to the reference node for generating a first reference voltage at the reference node, and an additional component for receiving the first reference voltage are disclosed.
US07808386B1
An article surveillance tag that has a barrier that is resiliently maintained between a first and second portion of the tag and is adapted to adjustably maintain an article to be monitored there between.
US07808385B2
An interactive clothing system includes a control unit having a processor and an antenna, and an item of clothing having a controller and a antenna. The antenna at the item of clothing communicates signals to the antenna at the control unit, the signals containing information about the item of clothing.
US07808384B2
An information carrier arrangement for an item to be identified includes a detection plate connected to the item and an electric antenna associated with the item. An electronic chip or an electronic chip module is provided on the detection plate, and a coupling element is disposed on the detection plate and connected to the electronic chip or electronic chip module. The coupling element is inductively and/or capacitatively coupled to the electric antenna. The item to be identified can be a product, a living being, a label, a tag, a single package, a containerized package or a transport aid.
US07808376B2
Potential disadvantages of the enhanced emergency hazard warning lights set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 7,352,278 are overcome by adding a lamp that beams its light rearward toward approaching traffic, is located approximately midway between and above the horizontal alignment of the rear turn signal lamps, thereby forming a triangular flashing emergency hazard warning signal that cannot be discontinued or otherwise disturbed when the vehicle's brakes and brake lights are simultaneously operated.
US07808372B2
An antifraud device for a vehicle has a tank with a filler provided with a removable cap. The device comprises a first sensor, for detecting a movement of the cap with respect to the filler, and second sensor, configured for detecting at least one of the level and a qualitative characteristic of the contents of the tank. A control unit generates first information being indicative of detections made by the first sensor, and second information being indicative of detections made by the second sensor, and stores the information in a correlated form. The device is further arranged for making explicit the first information and the second information in a correlated form, in order to identify one or more of the following conditions: removal of at least part of the contents of the tank; dilution or alteration of the contents of the tank; replacement of at least part of the contents of the tank; effective removal of the cap following upon a movement thereof in the filler.
US07808371B2
The invention relates to a fleet security system comprising a vehicle security unit (VSU) to be installed inside each vehicle, on the sun visor or on the dashboard of the vehicle, and connected to the vehicle using the On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) connector of the vehicle. An authorized user holds the key of the vehicle to be used and an electronic security key. When the authorized user opens the door of the vehicle, the VSU detects a disturbance in the vehicle and wirelessly sends a disturbance event message to a fleet master unit. The authorized user then has a given deactivation time period (such as thirteen seconds) to show its security key to a key reader located inside the vehicle, on the VSU. The security key code is validated by the master unit which will command the VSU to disarm its disturbance detection.
US07808364B2
A protection cover used for avoiding the influence brought about by the temperature effect of a varistor is proposed. The protection cover is made of ceramic or refractory material, and is used to bear high temperature generated when a metal oxide varistor breaks down to catch fire and to further cover the fire therein, thereby preventing the fire from burning out application components around the metal oxide varistor. Moreover, accommodation portions and grooves for receiving temperature breakers are disposed on the protection cover to provide a better contact surface between the protection cover and the temperature breakers so that the temperature breakers can more accurately detect the temperature on the protection cover, hence reducing the occurrence of the situation of erroneous actions.
US07808362B2
A fuse for a moderately hazardous environment comprising includes: (i) a fuse element; (ii) first and second terminals connected to the fuse element; and (iii) a metal enclosure placed around the fuse element, the enclosure configured to protect the environment from an opening of the fuse element, and wherein the first and second terminals extend from the metal enclosure.
US07808360B1
A resin cast transformer having a core covered by a cushioning material is provided. The cushioning material is in contact with the core and includes a force absorption layer adjoining a force distribution layer. The force distribution layer is harder than the force absorption layer.
US07808358B2
An inductor includes a flat substrate and a conductor in a spiral shape having a plurality of turns. The plane on which the conductor is formed is substantially in parallel with a principal surface of the substrate. The turns of the conductor are equally spaced from each other in a direction parallel to the plane on which the conductor is formed. An outer one of the turns of the conductor is wider and thinner than an inner one of the turns of the conductor. A level of at least one of a top and a bottom of the conductor differs from one turn to another in a cross section vertical to the plane on which the conductor is formed.
US07808357B2
A dual inductance structure including a substrate, a first inductance element, a second inductance element and a grounding element is provided. The substrate has a layout layer and a grounding layer. The first inductance element has a first and a second conductor. The second inductance element has a third and a fourth conductor. The grounding element has a first and a second grounding portion. The first grounding portion is on the grounding layer and located at an area between the first conductor and the third conductor. At least a part of the second grounding portion is on the grounding layer and located at an area between the first conductor and the second conductor. At least another part of the second grounding portion is on the grounding layer and located at an area between the third conductor and the fourth conductor.
US07808353B1
A coil system for a plasmoid thruster includes a bias coil, a drive coil and field coils. The bias and drive coils are interleaved with one another as they are helically wound about a conical region. A first field coil defines a first passage at one end of the conical region, and is connected in series with the bias coil. A second field coil defines a second passage at an opposing end of the conical region, and is connected in series with the bias coil.
US07808350B2
An improved field emission system and method is provided that involves field emission structures having electric or magnetic field sources. The magnitudes, polarities, and positions of the magnetic or electric field sources are configured to have desirable correlation properties, which may be in accordance with a code. The correlation properties correspond to a desired spatial force function where spatial forces between field emission structures correspond to relative alignment, separation distance, and the spatial force function.
US07808339B2
A non-reciprocal circuit element (for example, a 2-port isolator) includes a tabular yoke, permanent magnets, a ferrite to which a direct current magnetic field is applied from the permanent magnets, a first center electrode and a second center electrode disposed on the ferrite, and a circuit board. The tabular yoke is disposed on the upper surface of a ferrite magnet assembly with a dielectric layer therebetween. For example, the dielectric layer could be an adhesive agent layer made of an epoxy-based resin. The above arrangement provides a non-reciprocal circuit element having a simplified structure, a stable electrical characteristic, and a high reliability is provided.
US07808338B1
A circuit topology for multiple loads includes a driving terminal for transmitting a driving signal, a number of transmitting lines, and a number of loads operable to receive the driving signal from the driving terminal. The number of loads are connected to the driving terminal one by one via the number of transmitting lines. Two transmitting lines of the number of transmitting lines, which are nearest and farthest respectively from the driving terminal, are both greater than widths of the other transmitting lines.
US07808336B2
An impedance tuner may include a transmission media for propagating RF signals, a reflection magnitude control device mounted in a fixed position relative to a direction of signal propagation along said transmission media, and a phase shifter to control a reflection phase. A multi-section probe for an impedance tuner system may include a plurality of probe sections and a holder structure for mechanically supporting the plurality of probe sections.
US07808330B2
A high-frequency oscillator includes a high-frequency oscillation element having a magnetization pinned layer whose magnetization direction is pinned substantially in one direction, an oscillation layer formed of a magnetic material which generates a high-frequency oscillation phenomenon when a current is supplied, an intermediate layer provided between the magnetization pinned layer and the oscillation layer, the intermediate layer having an insulation layer and current paths which pass through the insulation layer in a thickness direction, and a pair of electrodes which supply a current perpendicularly to a plane of a stacked film including the magnetization pinned layer, the intermediate layer and the oscillation layer.
US07808313B2
A circuit for use with a power amplifier that amplifies an input signal. The circuit may comprise an amplitude correction circuit and an open-loop switching regulator. The amplitude correction circuit may be configured to generate a corrected envelope signal from an input envelope signal that represents an envelope of the input signal. The open-loop switching regulator may be connected to the amplitude correction circuit and may be for powering the power amplifier based on the corrected envelope signal. According to various embodiments, the corrected envelope signal generated by the amplitude correction circuit is a function of the input envelope signal and an error voltage of the open-loop switching regulator.
US07808311B2
A nested transimpedance amplifier circuit includes a first-order nested transimpedance amplifier having an input and an output. The first-order nested transimpedance amplifier is configured to be powered by a first voltage. A charge pump module is configured to receive the first voltage and a second voltage. The second voltage is different from the first voltage. The charge pump module generates a third voltage based on the first voltage and the second voltage. A first operational amplifier has an input and an output. The input of the first operational amplifier communicates with the output of the zero-order transimpedance amplifier, and the first operational amplifier is configured to be powered by the third voltage.
US07808309B2
A current source circuit is provided. The circuit includes a first transistor and at least one second transistor. A first source/drain terminal of the first transistor is coupled to a bias voltage. A second source/drain terminal of the first transistor is used to receive a current signal, and the second source/drain terminal of the first transistor is coupled to a gate terminal of the first transistor. A first source/drain terminal of the second transistor is grounded. A second source/drain terminal of the second transistor is coupled to a voltage source and outputs a bias current. A gate terminal of the second transistor is coupled to the gate terminal of the first transistor.
US07808303B2
Analog comparison circuits are provided, each of which compares the potentials of the same stage of a first boosting cell row and a second boosting cell row and selecting and outputting the lower potential. The P-well potentials of switching devices having a triple-well structure are controlled using the output potentials of these analog comparison circuits. As a result, the amplitude of the P-well potential can be suppressed and a common P-well region can be arranged.
US07808302B2
This invention discloses charge pump apparati, where a charge pump apparatus, including a positive charge pump circuit and a negative charge pump circuit, providing multiple positive and negative voltages, comprises: a capacitor set shared by said positive charge pump circuit and said negative charge pump circuit; multiple electronic switches connected to said capacitor set and a plurality of voltage sources; multiple output capacitors connected to selected ones of said multiple electronic switches and one or more output terminals; and a non-overlapping time sequence that controls the on and off states of said multiple electronic switches; wherein under the control of said non-overlapping time sequence, corresponding electronic switches are turned on and off to control the output of the positive and negative voltages provided by said output capacitors to generate output voltages that are pre-determined multiples of the one or more input voltages. With this invention, coupling capacitors are shared during the processes of charging and discharging, and operate at alternating intervals through time sequence-control. As a result, both positive and negative output voltages can be simultaneously adjusted to provide different boost levels. The charge pump is both low in cost and has a design that is simple and easy to produce.
US07808293B2
A clock distribution circuit includes a monitoring circuit that delays a signal based on a clock signal from a clock tree by using multiple inverter circuits and predicts a timing violation on the basis of the amount of delay produced by the multiple inverter circuits. The clock distribution circuit further includes an OR circuit that controls, on the basis of the result of prediction by the monitoring circuit, a clock gating signal generated by a combinational circuit and a clock gating circuit that supplies a clock signal or stops supply of the clock signal depending on a signal output from the OR circuit.
US07808292B2
A wireless communication device is described having a transmitter that generates electromagnetic interference when operating in a transmit mode. The wireless communication device comprises a clock circuit including a first clock element configured to generate a first clock output, and a second clock element configured to generate a second clock output. Also included is a controller configured to switch between the first clock output and the second clock output when the transmitter is operating in the transmit mode.
US07808284B2
An object of the present invention is to eliminate fluctuation in the value of the constant current I even if there is characteristic fluctuation in field effect transistors and at the same time, to improve the power consumption. There are provided with a plurality of current mirror circuits consisting of those on the reference side and on the mirror side; current holding capacitors 21a, 21b and 21c provided on the respective mirror sides of the plurality of current mirror circuits; sequential selection means 23, 24a, 24b and 24c for selecting the plurality of current mirror circuits sequentially by a constant period; first switching means 22a, 22b and 22c for connecting respective reference sides and mirror sides of the plurality of current mirror circuits; reference voltage change-over means 23, 25 and 26 for changing over reference voltages of constant current generation units 5, 7 and 8 such that currents on the mirror sides become constant in conformity with the selection period of the plurality of current mirror circuits; and second switching means 20a, 20b and 20c for connecting the constant current generation units 5, 7 and 8 to the reference sides of the plurality of current mirror circuits in conformity with the selection period.
US07808280B2
A semiconductor device includes multiple functional blocks, each having a predetermined function, and wiring regions on a substrate where a signal line is provided. The semiconductor device also includes multiple standard cells disposed in the wiring regions along the signal line, each of which operates with a substrate bias potential, and multiple contact cells disposed in the wiring region in parallel with the wiring direction of the signal line, each being associated with each of the multiple standard cells and providing the substrate bias potential to the associated standard cell.
US07808279B2
A clock gating cell for gating clock signals includes a latch circuit, a comparison logic circuit, a first logic circuit, and a second logic circuit. An input signal is provided to the latch circuit. An input clock signal is provided to the first logic circuit. The first logic circuit switches the input clock signal based on a comparison signal generated by the comparison logic circuit, thereby generating a latch clock signal. The latch clock signal switches between a first state and a second state only when the input signal switches between the first state and the second state, thereby preventing power loss of the clock gating cell.
US07808275B1
Disclosed is a circuit comprising an inverter circuit which comprises inverters and level shifters; and a modulation circuit comprising a pull-up circuit and a pull-down circuit, the modulation circuit coupled to the inverter circuit to regulate the response of the circuit to an input voltage for various power supply voltage levels by the pull-up or pull-down circuit. Other embodiments are also disclosed.
US07808269B2
A semiconductor integrated circuit includes a control signal generating circuit which is configured to set, at least at a time of a first state, first and fifth control signals at a first voltage level, and second, third and fourth control signals at a second voltage level, and to set, at a time of a second state, the first to fourth control signals at the first voltage level, and the fifth control signal at an arbitrary voltage level.
US07808268B2
Apparatus controlling the driver output slew rate that includes a driver circuit having an input signal and an output signal, where the driver circuit is structured and arranged to facilitate control of the slew rate of the output signal. A delay circuit having a time delay proportional to a desired transition time of the driver output signal is coupled to the output of the driver circuit. A first comparator detects when the driver output signal rises through a specified level, and a second comparator detects when the driver output falls through a second specified level. A phase detector is coupled to outputs of the first and second comparators and an output of the delay circuit for aligning the phases of the comparator outputs and the delayed comparator outputs by adjusting the driver output slew rate.
US07808265B2
A circuit uses a differential voltage response to identify fabrication process defects that would result if an IC design is fabricated (without re-designing to correct such defects). The circuit includes two stacks, whose respective outputs may be compared by a comparator, and comparator's output used to determine defectivity. In some embodiments, each stack includes a first-type device (e.g. a p-channel device) and at least two second-type devices (e.g. n-channel devices). The first-type device is used as a current source or as a select switch (depending on the mode of operation of the differential voltage defectivity monitoring circuit). One second-type device may be used as a select switch and for back-bias control, while another second-type device may be used as a blocking switch and/or a select switch. The circuit may be built into an addressable array of multiple test structures that have digitally multiplexed control lines, in some embodiments.
US07808263B2
An integrated circuit including at least one internal operational block, which includes test control circuitry for initiating a test mode and testing circuitry for verifying an operation of the integrated circuit under a more stringent condition in the test mode as compared to a condition in another operating mode such that proper operation of the integrated circuit is assured in the another operating mode. Pin control circuitry selectively outputs a test signal from a selected pin in the test mode indicative of the operation of the internal block, wherein the selected pin is utilized for exchanging another signal when the integrated circuit is in the another operating mode.
US07808248B2
A radio frequency test key structure includes a substrate, a bottom metal layer and a top metal layer. A narrow testing region is defined on the substrate. The bottom metal layer is positioned on the substrate and in the narrow testing region, and including an opening to expose parts of a device under test. The top metal layer is a metal pad in a sheet form, positioned in the narrow testing region and on the bottom metal layer. At least two signal pad regions and at least two ground pad regions are defined in the top metal layer. The signal pad regions and the ground pad regions are arranged in one row, and the row is parallel to the narrow testing region. Accordingly, the radio frequency test key structure can be positioned in a scribe line, and get an accurate testing result.
US07808247B1
A physical layer (PHY) device of a network device includes a signal generator module that generates a first test signal and that transmits the first test signal on a first conductor of a first pair of a cable at time T1, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module that has an input that communicates with a second conductor of the cable and an output that generates first S outputs at times (T1+(S*t)), where S is greater than 1, and t>0, and a control module that determines a distance from the PHY to one of an open-circuit and short-circuit of the first pair based on the first S outputs.
US07808243B2
A circulator has a ferrite, and the circulator is arranged in the vicinity of a device that produces a static magnetic field in the environment surrounding the device, this static magnetic field giving the circulator a non-reciprocal behavior, with respect to circulation of energy among the gates of the circulator, as a result of interaction of the ferrite with the static magnetic field. A magnetic resonance apparatus embodies such a circulator, and the basic field magnet of this magnetic resonance apparatus generates the static magnetic field.
US07808235B2
An inductive proximity sensor is disclosed. The proximity sensor includes a resonator with a bifurcated inductance coupled to a plurality of transimpedance amplifiers. A portion of the resonator is configured to generate eddy currents in a target containing metal. In various embodiments, the transimpedance amplifiers provide signals associated with eddy currents to a synchronous detector. Apparatus and methods for operating the inductive proximity sensor are disclosed.
US07808229B2
A magnetic device and a frequency analyzer are provided as those industrially utilizing a resonance phenomenon of a direction of magnetization of a magnetoresistive element. Since polarities of an alternating current i vary with time, the direction of magnetization oscillates as affected by the magnitude and frequency of the alternating current. When the frequency fF of the direction of magnetization of a free layer in the magnetoresistive element coincides with the frequency f of the alternating current flowing in the magnetoresistive element, the oscillation of the direction of magnetization resonates to increase a voltage between output terminals. A magnetic yoke applies such a magnetic field as to cause resonance, to the free layer. A direct current is used as an electric current outputted from a current control circuit and, while this direct current is swept, voltages at respective specific resonance frequencies are detected by a monitor circuit.
US07808222B2
A circuit configuration for a high power switch-mode voltage regulator circuit is disclosed that includes an array of Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) switching transistors electrically coupled to one another at their drains and sources, and a plurality of gate driver circuits. Each gate driver circuit is coupled substantially close to the gate and dedicated to driving only one MOS switching transistor.
US07808214B2
A serial hybrid drivetrain enables “super-efficiency” (fuel efficiency exceeding 100 miles-per-gallon) in a lightweight transportation vehicle, utilizing only high power density storage media (for example ultracapacitor media), with the total energy of storage constrained to minimize storage mass, and the resulting low energy requiring a short-cycle of charge and discharge. A unique control system design enables a high extraction of the total energy from the medium, as well as full-rate recovery of regenerative braking energy.
US07808211B2
A high frequency battery charger includes a converter, drive logic, and control logic. The converter transforms a DC voltage into a high frequency AC voltage. The drive logic controls a conversion of the high frequency AC voltage through a train of pulses. The control logic adjusts the output of the converter to maximize a charging cycle of a battery. The method of transforming an AC input into a direct current output used to charge a rechargeable battery includes transforming an AC input into a first DC output; transforming the first DC output into a high frequency AC output; transforming the high frequency AC output into a second DC output; and passing a charging current to an external load when the load is correctly connected to an output.
US07808207B1
A rechargeable battery, battery set or battery pack having a circuit or a plurality of circuits for providing self-discharging thereof electrically connected in parallel are used to form rechargeable battery assemblies and electric power supply systems for use in electric and hybrid vehicles and the like.
US07808204B2
A fuel cell system capable of learning its current-voltage characteristics precisely in a short time even when the current-voltage characteristics of a fuel cell varies due to reduction of a catalyst of an oxidizing agent electrode during the stop of operation of the fuel cell system. A controller (13) learns current-voltage characteristics of a fuel cell stack (2), detects the amount of variation in voltage of current-voltage characteristics before a stop of power generation and those after restart of power generation, and corrects the learnt value of the current-voltage characteristics by the amount of variation in voltage.
US07808200B2
A technique can recover from motor stalls caused by misalignment of motor position sensors such as Hall-effect sensors. In a normal operating mode, a motor controller provides motor drive current to the motor windings based on the sensor signals according to a normal commutation sequence, and monitors for occurrence of a motor stall condition. Upon detecting the motor stall condition, the motor controller first momentarily drives the windings according to one of an advanced commutation state and a delayed commutation state each adjacent to the given commutation state in the normal commutation sequence, and determines whether the motor stall condition persists. If the stall condition persists, then the motor controller next momentarily drives the windings according to the other of the advanced commutation state and the delayed commutation state. By this action, the controller attempts operation at both preceding and succeeding portions of the torque characteristic, such that operation with increased torque is ensured even though the direction of the sensor misalignment is unknown.
US07808197B2
A control apparatus for an opening/closing member of vehicle includes a driving member for moving an opening/closing member for a vehicle, speed detecting means for detecting a drive speed of the driving member and control means for calculating a current speed difference between the drive speed of the driving member and a target drive speed, for calculating a current change amount between the calculated current speed difference and a previous speed difference calculated a predetermined time before, for calculating a current deviation by integrating the current change amount and for detecting an entrapment of an object by comparing the calculated deviation to a predetermined threshold.
US07808194B2
In a hybrid vehicle control apparatus, a motor control unit executes the input power control on a MG unit independently from a torque control on an AC motor so that the input power control and the torque control are stabilized. The motor control unit further executes a torque difference reduction control, which controls current vector of the AC motor, to reduce a torque difference to zero substantially thereby preventing uncomfortable torque variation in a transient condition of input power control of the MG unit. The torque difference is calculated based on a first estimated torque calculated from a detected motor torque of the AC motor and a second estimated torque calculated from a command current vector for torque control of the AC motor.
US07808191B2
A dim control circuit dimming method and system with a dimming ballast dim control circuit (148) includes a dimmer switch input (120) having a first terminal (154) and a second terminal (156), the dimmer switch input (120) operably connected to receive a dim signal (106); a power supply (124); a current limiter (126); and a coupler (128). The power supply (124), the current limiter (126), and the coupler (128) are connected in series between the first terminal (154) and the second terminal (156), and the coupler (128) generates a lamp dim control signal (132) when the first terminal (154) and the second terminal (156) are electrically connected.
US07808185B2
A method in a portable electronic device (100) having a user interface illumination (110) is disclosed. The method comprises sensing (202) an ambient light level in a neighborhood of the portable electronic device with a sensor (104) of the portable electronic device. Based on the ambient light level sensed, then controlling (204) a visual characteristic of the user interface illumination, wherein the user interface illumination is operated at a brightness between a maximum brightness and a minimum brightness for at least one ambient light level detected.
US07808182B2
The present invention provides an enhanced THz electromagnetic source structure achieving a very high aspect ratio of 500 to 1 of electron beam width to electron beam thickness of the electron beam moving in the direction across the grating structure while maintaining its cross-section. The structure comprises a magnetic circuit providing a unique low magnetic field slot placed in a steel core for the placement of an electron gun, thus allowing the electron beam to be focused without the interaction of a magnetic field while still supporting a high magnetic field in the grating region. Additionally, the structure comprises an electrostatic shield preventing potential difference between the anode voltage and the grounded steel core from affecting the focusing of the electron beam.
US07808172B2
An organic light emitting device is provided. The device may include a substrate having an emission region and a non-emission region, a sub-pixel formed on the substrate in the emission region of the substrate, and a sealant provided in the non-emission region that seals the emission region of the substrate. The sub-pixel may include a first electrode formed on the substrate in the emission region of the substrate, an emission portion formed on the first electrode, and a second electrode arranged on the emission portion. A barrier rib may be provided to partition the second electrode. A width of an end portion of the barrier rib may be narrower than a width of another portion of the barrier rib.
US07808170B2
A device for generating ultraviolet radiation by an excimer discharge includes at least partly UV-transparent discharge vessel whose discharge space is filled with a gas filling. The device further includes electrodes for triggering and maintaining an excimer discharge in the discharge space, and a luminescent material that contains a phosphor comprising a host lattice of general formula (Y1-x-y-z,Lux,Scy,Az)PO4 wherein 0≦x<1 and 0
US07808161B2
There is provided a piezoelectric ceramic composition that contains Na, Bi, Ti and Co wherein the composition ratio of Na, Bi, Ti and Co in terms of oxides thereof is in the following composition range (1): aNa2O-bBi2O3-cTiO2-dCoO (1) where a, b, c and d are mole fractions; 0.03≦a≦0.042; 0.330≦b≦0.370; 0.580≦c≦0.620; 0
US07808156B2
In one aspect, matching layers for an ultrasonic transducer stack having a matching layer comprising a matrix material loaded with a plurality of micron-sized and nano-sized particles. In another aspect, the matrix material is loaded with a plurality of heavy and light particles. In another aspect, an ultrasound transducer stack comprises a piezoelectric layer and at least one matching layer. In one aspect, the matching layer comprises a composite material comprising a matrix material loaded with a plurality of micron-sized and nano-sized particles. In a further aspect, the composite material can also comprise a matrix material loaded with a plurality of heavy and light particles. In a further aspect, a matching layer can also comprise cyanoacrylate.
US07808150B2
An actuator that can be driven at a reduced voltage and manufactured with ease, and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The actuator includes second supporting portions 31 and 32 secured to a supporting substrate 4 through a spacer, fixed portions 33 and 34 secured to the supporting substrate 4 with no intervention of the spacer, fixed comb electrodes 331 and 341 integrally formed the fixed portions 33 and 34 and meshing with movable comb electrodes 211 and 212 in a spaced-apart relationship, and bridge portions 35 and 36 for connecting the fixed portions 33 and 34 to the second supporting portions 31 and 32. The fixed portions 33 and 34 are affixed to the supporting substrate 4 in a condition that they are deflected toward the supporting substrate 4 with respect to the second supporting portions 31 and 32 while bending the bridge portions 35 and 36, thereby initially deflecting the fixed comb electrodes 331 and 341 so as to be out of alignment with the movable comb electrodes 211 and 212 in a thickness direction of the supporting substrate 4.
US07808149B2
A segmented electric generator/motor, such as for a wind powered generator, in which the rotor and/or stator is subdivided in the circumferential direction into segments disposed adjacent to one another. Additionally, the stator segments are accessible via and the rotor segments can be installed and removed in the axial direction in rotor segment mounts provided in the rotor ring. Each rotor segment preferably includes a base shaped to prevent radial and circumferential or tangential motion of the rotor segment while permitting axial motion in the rotor segment's respective mount. The rotor ring segment mounts are preferably sized to allow removal of stator segments through the openings.
US07808141B2
A stepping motor has a stator and a rotor disposed to surround the stator. The rotor has an annular magnet which has a plurality of magnetic poles formed along a circumference thereof, and a comb-teeth-shaped back yoke which is disposed to surround the magnet and has a plurality of comb teeth, the comb teeth facing boundary positions of adjacent magnetic poles.
US07808137B2
Disclosed is a terminal assembly for a stator of a dynamoelectric machine. The terminal assembly includes a at least five electrically conductive tracks arrayed in a single layer, each track configured and positioned for electrical communication with corresponding leads extending from the stator providing electrical connection between at least one lead of stator leads and a rectifier bridge. The tracks are at least partially encapsulated in a nonconductive casing.
US07808134B2
A solenoid (10) includes a shell (12), a lower stator member (20) associated with the shell, and an upper stator member (30) in the shell. The upper stator member is separate from the lower stator member and has a wire receiving member (34). A half bobbin (40) is associated with the upper stator member and has a wire receiving portion (44). Wire is wound directly about the portion of the half bobbin and directly about the member of the upper stator member to define a winding (46). An armature (54) is movable with respect to at least the lower stator member upon energizing the winding.
US07808131B2
A battery pack connection scheme is shown that provides an synchronized DC environment for every cell in the pack, such that every cell in the same or similar voltage level in the pack sees exactly the same voltage and current environment. In some embodiments, a pack is provided having a positive load connection terminal and multiple batteries connected in parallel to the terminal. The connections are made via respective conductive paths each including a high-power DC precision cable segment, each of the conductive paths having a resistance suitable to allow an average charge acceptance rate of the battery pack to be greater than a one-hour, or “C1”, charge rate. The precision cable segments preferably have matching impedances, or have matching DC resistances.
US07808130B2
An electronic device and method for commuting an electric load, including an electronic commutator controlled by a microcontroller, positively supplied at a voltage, with an outlet that may adopt at least three states and operating in a nominal mode that may be switched intentionally or by default to a failsafe mode in case of malfunction of the electronic commutation device. The electronic commutation device additionally includes a positive commuted supply greater than the voltage and connected to the microcontroller of the electronic commutation device by a resistive polarization device to carry out the function of safety barrier, and an interface device for recognizing the presence or absence of the positive commuted supply.
US07808124B2
In various embodiments, various systems and methods are provided for power storage. In one embodiment, a power storage apparatus is described that comprises a power multiplier having a multiply-connected electrical structure. A parametric reactance is included in the multiply-connected electrical structure that negates at least a portion of a physical resistance of the multiply-connected electrical structure. A parametric excitation source having a parametric excitation output is applied to the parametric reactance.
US07808123B2
A power supply system for supplying power to a plurality of loads includes a plurality of fuel cells for generating and supplying power to be supplied to the respectively corresponding loads, wherein the fuel cells are provided to correspond to the plurality of loads, a power network for receiving surplus power, which is generated ‘by the fuel cells except power to be supplied to the loads corresponding to the fuel cells, and supplying the surplus power to the loads short of power, wherein the power network is coupled to the plurality of fuel cells, and a control unit for stopping power generation of a first fuel cell among the fuel cells corresponding to a first load among the loads and controlling a second fuel cell among the fuel cells to generate power to be supplied to the first load as the surplus power if an amount of power to be supplied to the first load is less than a predetermined first threshold.
US07808119B2
This invention discloses a power control system comprising a prime mover and a generator driven by the prime mover. A control device is coupled with the generator to ascertain a change in speed of the generator and vary an output power of the generator according to the change. The control device applies a signal to reduce the generator output power and another signal to restore the generator output power. The power control system may include a transmission, a speed converter, and/or an accessory.
US07808116B2
A semiconductor device with improved bondability between a wire and a bump and cutting property of the wire to improve the bonding quality. In the semiconductor device, a wire is stacked on a pad as a second bonding point to form a bump having a sloped wedge and a first bent wire convex portion, and a wire is looped from a lead as a first bonding point to the bump and is pressed to the sloped wedge of the bump with a face portion of a tip end of a capillary to bond the wire to the bump. At the same time, the wire is pressed to the first bent wire convex portion using an inner chamfer of a bonding wire hole in the capillary to form a wire bent portion having a bow-shaped cross section. The wire is pulled up and cut at the wire bent portion.
US07808115B2
Aspects of the present invention relate to the arrangement of points of interconnection of integrated circuit die to the package in which they are enclosed. More specifically, aspects of the present invention pertain to an arrangement of bond pads over the active circuitry of an integrated circuit die, in order to permit a reduction in size of the die. An embodiment of the present invention may place a first bond pad over the active area of an integrated circuit, wherein the first bond pad is electrically coupled to a second bond pad outside of the active area of the integrated circuit. Production and delivery of the integrated circuit may proceed using the second bond pad during packaging, in parallel with the testing of packaging using the first bond pad. When processes related to the use of the first bond pad have been proven successful and sustainable, the second bond pad may be eliminated, resulting in a reduction of the size of the integrated circuit device. This approach may be employed to save die area, increasing the number of devices that may be produced on a silicon wafer, resulting in a reduction in device cost. The approach of the present invention works well whether the chip is pad or core limited. Although reference has been made to the used of this technique on a silicon wafer, an embodiment of the present invention may be employed in the fabrication of integrated circuit device using other materials as well, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
US07808111B2
An apparatus involves a semiconductor wafer that has been back-end processed, the semiconductor wafer including a substrate, electronic devices and multiple metalization layers, a via extending from an outer surface of the substrate through the substrate to a metalization layer from among the multiple metalization layers, and an electrically conductive material within the via, the electrically conductive material forming an electrically conductive path from the metalization layer to the outer surface. A method of processing a semiconductor wafer that has been front-end and back-end processed involves forming a via in the semiconductor wafer extending from a surface of the wafer, into and through semiconductor material, to a metalization layer formed during the back-end processing by etching the semiconductor wafer; and making the via electrically conductive so as to form an electrical path within the via extending from the surface of the wafer to the metalization layer.
US07808101B2
A 3D smart power module for power control, such as a three phase power control module, includes a two sided printed circuit (PC) board with power semiconductor devices attached to one side and control semiconductor devices attached to the other side. The power semiconductor devices are die bonded to a direct bonded copper substrate which has a bottom surface exposed in the molded package. In one embodiment the module has 27 external connectors attached to one side of the PC board and arranged in the form of a ball grid array.
US07808100B2
The invention relates to a power semiconductor module comprising at least one power semiconductor chip, and comprising a pressure apparatus which exerts a pressure on the top side of the power semiconductor chip when the power semiconductor module is fixed to a heat sink. In addition, a bonding wire which is arranged distant from the pressure element, is bonded to the top side. The invention also relates to methods for fabricating a power semiconductor module, and for fabricating a power semiconductor arrangement comprising a power semiconductor module and a heat sink.
US07808098B2
The present invention provides a semiconductor device which is not easily damaged by external local pressure. The present invention further provides a manufacturing method of a highly-reliable semiconductor device, which is not destroyed by external local pressure, with a high yield. A structure body, in which high-strength fiber of an organic compound or an inorganic compound is impregnated with an organic resin, is provided over an element substrate having a semiconductor element formed using a single crystal semiconductor region, and heating and pressure bonding are performed, whereby a semiconductor device is manufactured, to which the element substrate and the structure body in which the high-strength fiber of an organic compound or an inorganic compound is impregnated with the organic resin are fixed together.
US07808091B2
The specification teaches a system for manufacturing microelectronic, microoptoelectronic or micromechanical devices (microdevices) in which a contaminant absorption layer improves the life and operation of the microdevice. In an embodiment, a system for manufacturing the devices includes efficiently integrating a getter material in multiple microdevices.
US07808088B2
A semiconductor device comprises a die having a first surface and a second surface, a first leadframe connected to the first surface and the second surface, and a second leadframe connected to the first surface.
US07808084B1
Disclosed is a lead frame, a semiconductor device and a fabrication method related to the semiconductor device. Since the lead frame has a land connecting bar, an upper surface of which is half-etched, the land connecting bar is more easily removed by a blade than a conventional land connecting bar in a fabrication process for the semiconductor device. Accordingly, stress applied to the lands when the land connecting bar is removed is reduced, and a flatness of the lands is maintained. Also, first and second lands constituting the lands are alternately formed with the land connecting bar, leads are alternately formed with the second lands, and wire bonding regions of the leads are positioned on a plane higher than the second lands. Accordingly, an interval between the conductive wires can be constantly maintained and the conductive wires have different traces, thus preventing a short between the conductive wires due to wire sweeping in an encapsulation process.
US07808083B2
Disclosed is a semiconductor device having a wafer level package structure which is characterized by containing a resin layer composed of a resin composition which is curable at 250° C. or less. Such a semiconductor device having a wafer level package structure is excellent in low stress properties, solvent resistance, low water absorbency, electrical insulation properties, adhesiveness and the like.
US07808077B2
A semiconductor device is composed of: an interconnect made of a first conductive film and a second conductive film that are stacked in sequence from the interconnect underside on an insulating film formed on a substrate; and a capacitor composed of a lower capacitor electrode made of the first conductive film, a dielectric film formed on the lower capacitor electrode, and an upper capacitor electrode made of the second conductive film and formed on the dielectric film.
US07808072B2
A circuit board having a board body includes a via structure. The via structure includes a conductive connector passing through the board body and a conductive shield member surrounding at least a portion of the conductive connector. The shield member prevents distortion of a data signal applied to the conductive connector, and also intercepts electromagnetic waves generated by the conductive connector.
US07808070B2
A power semiconductor component is disclosed. One embodiment provides a semiconductor body, in which at least two vertical power semiconductor components are arranged. Each of the vertical power semiconductor components has a first load terminal arranged at a front side of the semiconductor body. Each of the vertical power semiconductor components has a second load terminal arranged at a rear side of the semiconductor body opposite the front side.
US07808069B2
A high-voltage Schottky diode including a deep P-well having a first width is formed on the semiconductor substrate. A doped P-well is disposed over the deep P-well and has a second width that is less than the width of the deep P-well. An M-type guard ring is formed around the upper surface of the second doped well, A Schottky metal is disposed on an upper surface of the second doped well and the N-type guard ring.
US07808068B2
Embodiments of the invention include a temperature sensor method for providing an output voltage response that is linear to the temperature of the integrated circuit to which the temperature sensor belongs and/or the integrated circuit die on which the temperature sensor resides. The output voltage of the temperature sensor has an adjustable gain component and an adjustable voltage offset component that both are adjustable independently based on circuit parameters. The inventive temperature sensor includes an offset circuit that diverts a portion of current from the scaled PTAT current before the current is sourced through the output resistor. The offset circuit includes a bandgap circuit arrangement, a voltage to current converter arrangement, and a current mirror arrangement that are configured to provide a voltage offset adjustable based on independent circuit parameters such as resistor value ratios and transistor device scaling ratios. The gain of the temperature sensor also is based on similar independent circuit parameters.
US07808065B2
A semiconductor photosensitive element comprises: a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type; a first light absorption layer, a first semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type, a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, a second light absorption layer, and a second semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type, arranged in this order on the semiconductor substrate; a first electrode connected the second semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type; a second electrode connected to the semiconductor substrate; and a third electrode electrically connecting the first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type to the first semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type. The third electrode is located outside a light detection region for detecting optical signals.
US07808064B2
An imaging element is formed on the first main surface of a semiconductor substrate. An external terminal is formed on the second main surface of the semiconductor substrate. A through-hole electrode is formed in a through hole formed in the semiconductor substrate. A first electrode pad is formed on the through-hole electrode in the first main surface. An interlayer insulating film is formed on the first electrode pad and on the first main surface. A second electrode pad is formed on the interlayer insulating film. A passivation film is formed on the second electrode pad and the interlayer insulating film, and has an opening which exposes a portion of the second electrode pad. A contact plug is formed between the first and second electrode pads in a region which does not overlap the opening when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the semiconductor substrate.
US07808058B2
A microelectronic device and a method of forming same. The method comprises: a transistor gate; a first spacer and a second spacer respectively adjacent a first side and a second side of the gate; a diffusion layer supra-adjacent the gate; contact regions super-adjacent the diffusion layer and adjacent the first spacer and the second spacer; a protective cap super-adjacent the gate and between the contact regions, the protective cap being adapted to protect the device from shorts between the gate and the contact regions.
US07808053B2
Embodiments of the present invention provide apparatus, methods and systems that include a substrate including a central region and a peripheral region; a plurality of layers above a surface of the substrate, a first plurality of pitch-multiplied spacers on a top surface of the plurality of layer, the first plurality of pitch-multiplied spacers being above the central region of the substrate, and a second plurality of pitch-multiplied spacers on the top surface of the plurality of layers, the second plurality of pitch-multiplied spacers above the peripheral region and including at least one pitch-multiplied spacer having a surface at a distance from the at least one pitch multiplied spacer having a surface at the boundary.
US07808052B2
A semiconductor device may include, but is not limited to, first and second well regions, and a well isolation region isolating the first and second well regions. The first and second well regions each may include an active region, a device isolation groove that defines the active region, and a device isolation insulating film that fills the device isolation groove. The first and second well regions may include first and second well layers, respectively. The well isolation region may include a well isolation groove, a well isolation insulating film that fills the well isolation groove, and a diffusion stopper layer disposed under a bottom of the well isolation groove. The first and second well layers have first and second bottoms respectively, which are deeper in depth than a bottom of the device isolation groove and shallower in depth than the bottom of the well isolation groove.
US07808041B2
Some embodiments include methods of recessing multiple materials to a common depth utilizing etchant comprising C4F6 and C4F8. The recessed materials may be within isolation regions, and the recessing may be utilized to form trenches for receiving gatelines. Some embodiments include structures having an island of semiconductor material laterally surrounded by electrically insulative material. Two gatelines extend across the insulative material and across the island of semiconductor material. One of the gatelines is recessed deeper into the electrically insulative material than the other.
US07808040B2
A semiconductor device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the semiconductor device includes a channel formation region formed on a side wall and includes a mixture of a first semiconductor material, having a first lattice constant and a second semiconductor material with a second lattice constant differing from the first lattice constant, wherein a proportion of the second semiconductor material increases with increasing distance from the side wall.
US07808029B2
A mask structure and process for forming trenches in a silicon carbide or other wafer, and for implanting impurities into the walls of the trenches using the same mask where the mask includes a thin aluminum layer and a patterned hard photoresist mask. A thin LTO oxide may be placed between the metal layer and the hard photoresist mask.
US07808028B2
Disclosed are embodiments of an improved deep trench capacitor structure and memory device that incorporates this deep trench capacitor structure. The deep trench capacitor and memory device embodiments are formed on a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) wafer such that the insulator layer remains intact during subsequent deep trench etch processes and, optionally, such that the deep trench of the deep trench capacitor has different shapes and sizes at different depths. By forming the deep trench with different shapes and sizes at different depths the capacitance of the capacitor can be selectively varied and the resistance of the buried conductive strap which connects the capacitor to a transistor in a memory device can be reduced.
US07808025B2
An electric field read/write head, a method of manufacturing the same, and an information storage device including the electric field read/write head are provided. The electric field read/write head includes: a resistance region formed in a substrate which comprises an end surface facing a recording medium; a source and a drain formed in the substrate and disposed on both sides of the resistance region, respectively; and an insulating layer and a write electrode formed sequentially on the resistance region, wherein the length (l) to width (w) ratio (l/w) of the resistance region satisfies (l/w)≧0.2.
US07808013B2
A light emitting device (LED) assembly may include an electrically insulating substrate and a thermally conductive layer on a surface of the insulating substrate. A light emitting device may be on the thermally conductive layer so that the thermally conductive layer is between the light emitting device and the electrically insulating substrate. Moreover, the thermally conductive layer may extend beyond an edge of the light emitting device in at least one direction a distance greater than half of a width of the light emitting device.
US07808011B2
A semiconductor light emitting device includes an in-plane active region that emits linearly-polarized light. An in-plane active region may include, for example, a {11 20} or {10 10} InGaN light emitting layer. In some embodiments, a polarizer oriented to pass light of a polarization of a majority of light emitted by the active region serves as a contact. In some embodiments, two active regions emitting the same or different colored light are separated by a polarizer oriented to pass light of a polarization of a majority of light emitted by the bottom active region, and to reflect light of a polarization of a majority of light emitted by the top active region. In some embodiments, a polarizer reflects light scattered by a wavelength converting layer.
US07808007B2
A semiconductor light-emitting element is disposed in a depression of a container. A first fluorescent material layer is located in the depression. At least a portion of the first fluorescent material layer is provided between the opening of the depression and the semiconductor light-emitting element. A second fluorescent material layer having first and second portions is disposed in the depression. The first portion is provided between the bottom of the depression and the semiconductor light-emitting element. The second portion is provided between the side surface of the depression and the semiconductor light-emitting element. The first and second fluorescent material layers are excited by the light radiated from the semiconductor light-emitting element to emit a light having a first wavelength longer than the emission wavelength of the semiconductor light-emitting element and another light having a second wavelength longer than the first wavelength respectively.
US07808001B2
An n-channel MOS transistor and a p-channel MOS transistor are formed on a semiconductor substrate 100. The p-channel MOS transistor includes a gate electrode 102a, a first offset sidewall 103a formed on side surfaces of the gate electrode 102a so as to contain fine particles 110 of group IV semiconductor therein. The n-channel MOS transistor includes a gate electrode 102b and a second offset sidewall 103b formed on side surfaces of the gate electrode 102b. After ion implantation of group IV semiconductor, heat treatment is performed to form the fine particles 110, so that a thickness of the first offset sidewall 103a can be made larger than a thickness of the second offset sidewall 103b.
US07807996B2
The test pattern according to the present invention consists of an opaque metal film pattern formed on a semiconductor substrate, an insulating film formed on the semiconductor substrate and the metal film pattern, a red color filter formed on the insulating film, a planarization layer formed on the insulating film and the red color filter, and a number of micro-lenses formed on the planarization layer.
US07807975B2
In order to detect an image generated by an image source, a mirror arrangement is arranged between the image source and a detector. The mirror arrangement includes two spaced-apart deflection mirrors, which are parallel to each other or form an acute angle of less than 90° between them. In particular when the image source is a scintillator layer, shielding of X-rays from the detector with simultaneous compact dimensioning of the apparatus is achieved in this manner.
US07807964B2
An ion mobility spectrometer and method thereof are disclosed. The ion mobility spectrometer comprises an electrode and an ion source arranged adjacent to the electrode, wherein the ion mobility spectrometer further comprises: a single or a group of focusing guide electrodes arranged on the side of the ion source far away from the electrode and shaped as a funnel to output ions from the ion source; and a storage section arranged on the ion-outputting side of the focusing guide electrode for storing ions generated from the ion source. With the scheme of separating the ion source and the storage region, the present invention can facilitate exchange of different ion sources, so that a source can be replaced with another different source without any change in the subsequent configuration. The storage section can be made very thin in the direction of ion movement, its diameter can be very large, and the internal electric field is almost zero. Thus, it is possible to collect a huge amount of ions with a very small cluster thickness and a directional velocity of almost zero, leading to reduction in spread of ion mobility spectrum and increase in resolution.
US07807961B2
Techniques for ion implantation of molecular ions are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the techniques may be realized as an apparatus for ion implantation comprising an ion implanter for implanting a target material with a molecular ion at a predetermined temperature to improve at least one of strain and amorphization of the target material, wherein the molecular ion is generated in-situ within an ion source.
US07807955B2
A CMOS image sensor or other type of image sensor comprises a pixel array and sampling and readout circuitry associated with the pixel array. In conjunction with readout of one or more pixels in a selected group of pixels of the pixel array, a pixel power line signal of the array transitions from an inactive state to an active state, and a reset signal of a non-selected group of pixels of the pixel array transitions from an active state to an inactive state within a predetermined time prior to the transition of the pixel power line signal from its inactive state to its active state. This arrangement advantageously reduces well bounce in the image sensor. The image sensor may be implemented in a digital camera or other type of digital imaging device.
US07807952B2
A CCD device of the type which provides gain by impact ionisation in a multiplication register includes an arrangement for production of a first output signal derived from a known input with multiplication applied and a second output signal derived from a different input with unit gain applied. Using the known ratios of the two signals, the gain of the multiplication register can be determined. The two signals can be derived from accumulating thermal charge in elements a CCD image device and by summing charge to produce a signal processed with unity gain and by averaging charge for use with the signal with gain applied. An alternative embodiment uses an extra light source for producing input signals of known ratio.
US07807948B2
A manufacturing process is disclosed for manufacturing cored welding electrode, wherein calcium based drawing lubricant is applied to an outer surface of a flux cored welding electrode structure, and a drawing process is thereafter carried out to compact the core fill material and to set the final outer wire diameter. Cored welding electrodes are disclosed having calcium hydroxide within the electrode core, on the sheath, and/or in a sheath seam.
US07807942B2
Ultrashort pulse laser processing bores, welds or cuts objects (work pieces) by converging ultrashort laser pulses by a lens on the objects (work pieces) positioned at the focus and heating small spots or narrow lines on the objects (work pieces). Shortage of a focal depth of the lens prevents the ultrashort pulse laser processing from positioning the object (a work piece) and forming a deep, constant-diameter cylindrical hole. Z-parameter is defined to be Z=2fcΔt/Δi2, where Δt is a FWHM pulse width of the ultrashort pulse laser, Δi is a FWHM beam diameter of the ultrashort pulse, f is a focal length of the lens and c is the light velocity in vacuum. Selection of an optical system including a diffraction-type lens which gives the Z-parameter less than 1 (Z<1) prolongs the focal depth. Expansion of the focal depth facilitates the positioning of objects (work pieces) and enables the ultrashort pulse laser apparatus to bore a deep, constant-diameter cylindrical hole.
US07807936B2
The present invention is to improve productivity and maintain a predetermined switch contact gap between a sensing rod and a stopper after mounting the pedal switch in order to accurately detect the operational conditions as the pedal arm is operated, by fastening a pedal switch to a mounting bracket fixed to the car body in one touch insertion way.A device for fixing a pedal switch of a vehicle according to the present invention comprises a lock case 10 fastened to a mounting bracket 1 fixed to a car body; a return spring 20 disposed in the lock case 10; and a lock rod ring 30 disposed movably within a predetermined distance inside the lock case 10 and elastically supported by the return spring 20, and in which a sensing rod 42 of the pedal switch 40 is fastened.
US07807934B2
A printed circuit board is provided with protection means for protecting one or more components of the printed circuit board (PCB). The protection means includes a sleeve member located on the PCB around at least one component of the PCB. The protection means further includes cover means for covering a whole or substantial part of an opening of said sleeve member. The cover means is formed from or includes mica.
US07807930B1
A high-voltage (HV) bushing that comprises first and second sections, at least two internal grading elements, and at least two external grading elements. The first and second sections each have a HV end and a grounded end. The exterior of the first section is configured to be exposed to open air. One internal grading element is mounted to the HV end of the first section and another internal grading element is mounted to the grounded end of the first section. One of the external grading elements is mounted to the HV end of the first section and another external grading element is coupled to the grounded end of the first section. The internal grading elements and the external grading elements are each configured to moderate an electric field along the inner and outer surfaces of the HV bushing near the HV end and the grounded end of the first section.
US07807923B2
A vandal resistant pull box to secure terminating utility cables and cable connections below ground surface. As a retrofit apparatus, brackets engage the bottom edges of the pull box container and a top cover securely engages the brackets. As a complete assembly, the container is included with the brackets and the cover. Any type of locking device may be employed to secure the cover to at least one of the brackets.
US07807918B2
A modular shade system comprises a support structure supporting modular panels. The support structure defines a first area having a length and a width. The modular panels have upper, exposed surfaces and lower surfaces and are mounted to and supported by the support structure. The modular panels cover at least about 80% of the first area. The modular panels comprise PV panels and supplemental panels, the supplemental panels providing a feature other than shading and optionally providing shading. Protective panels may be mounted opposite the lower surfaces of the PV modules. A protective panel may so be used when the PV module is part of an installation other than a modular shade structure.
US07807917B2
New thermoelectric materials and devices are disclosed for application to high efficiency thermoelectric power generation. New functional materials based on oxides, rare-earth-oxides, rare-earth-nitrides, rare-earth phosphides, copper-rare-earth oxides, silicon-rare-earth-oxides, germanium-rare-earth-oxides and bismuth rare-earth-oxides are disclosed. Addition of nitrogen and phosphorus are disclosed to optimize the oxide material properties for thermoelectric conversion efficiency. New devices based on bulk and multilayer thermoelectric materials are described. New devices based on bulk and multilayer thermoelectric materials using combinations of at least one of thermoelectric and pyroelectric and ferroelectric materials are described. Thermoelectric devices based on vertical pillar and planar architectures are disclosed. The advantage of the planar thermoelectric effect allows utility for large area applications and is scalable for large scale power generation plants.
US07807910B1
An embodiment of a musical drum with a single outer shell and divided internally into a plurality of resonant chambers. A plate with a plurality of cutouts is mounted to an open end of the outer shell and a plurality of playing surfaces is mounted to the cutouts. The playing surfaces are joined to resonant chambers in the outer shell. The playing surfaces can be tensioned independently and are interchangeable with playing surfaces of similar shape and size, and are constructed of a variety of materials. The outer shell forms a general hourglass shape with a flat side that can be used as a base. A seat for the player is affixed to the outer shell.
US07807906B2
A string-bridge interface system includes a plurality of string-bridge interface units to provide coupling between strings of a musical instrument and one or more sound bridges of the musical instrument, which are further coupled to the sound board of the musical instrument. Such coupling provided by the string-bridge interface units allows for reduced loading of the sound board and more direct routing of the strings.
US07807903B2
According to the invention, there is provided seed and plants of the hybrid corn variety designated CH440457. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of the variety CH440457, and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing a corn plant of variety CH440457 with itself or with another corn plant, such as a plant of another variety. The invention further relates to genetic complements of plants of variety CH440457.
US07807901B2
According to the invention, there is provided seed and plants of the hybrid corn variety designated CH467836. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of the variety CH467836, and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing a corn plant of variety CH467836 with itself or with another corn plant, such as a plant of another variety. The invention further relates to genetic complements of plants of variety CH467836.
US07807900B2
According to the invention, there is provided seed and plants of the hybrid corn variety designated CH511197. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of the variety CH511197, and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing a corn plant of variety CH511197 with itself or with another corn plant, such as a plant of another variety. The invention further relates to genetic complements of plants of variety CH511197.
US07807896B2
According to the invention, there is provided seed and plants of the hybrid corn variety designated CH999668. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of the variety CH999668, and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing a corn plant of variety CH999668 with itself or with another corn plant, such as a plant of another variety. The invention further relates to genetic complements of plants of variety CH999668.
US07807895B2
According to the invention, there is provided seed and plants of the hybrid corn variety designated CH819344. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of the variety CH819344, and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing a corn plant of variety CH819344 with itself or with another corn plant, such as a plant of another variety. The invention further relates to genetic complements of plants of variety CH819344.
US07807893B2
According to the invention, there is provided seed and plants of the corn variety designated CV460747. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of the variety CV460747, and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing a corn plant of variety CV460747 with itself or with another corn plant, such as a plant of another variety. The invention further relates to corn seeds and plants produced by crossing plants of variety CV460747 with plants of another variety, such as another inbred line. The invention further relates to the inbred and hybrid genetic complements of plants of variety CV460747.
US07807881B2
Compositions and methods for conferring herbicide resistance to plant cells and bacterial cells are provided. The methods comprise transforming the cells with nucleotide sequences encoding herbicide resistance genes. In particular, herbicide resistance is conferred by expression of proteins with homology to decarboxylase enzymes. Compositions comprise transformed plants, plant tissues, and seeds, as well as transformed bacterial cells.
US07807878B2
Important aims in nearly all tree-breeding programs around the world are to produce plants with increased growth rates and stem volumes, and shorter rotation times. Such trees would yield more biomass per area unit. Here the present inventors have shown that when over-expressing a key regulatory gene in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone gibberellin (GA) in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula×P. tremuloides), improvements in valuable traits such as growth rate and biomass are obtained. In addition, these trees also have longer xylem fibres than unmodified wild type plants. Long fibers are very desirable in the production of strong paper, but it has not (as yet) proved possible to influence this trait by traditional breeding techniques. A further advantage of the present invention is that it may reduce or eliminate the use of growth influencing chemicals in forestry.
US07807872B2
The present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding plant cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (ICKs). The nucleic acid molecules may be used to downregulate expression of a plant ICK, thereby providing useful plant phenotypes.
US07807869B1
Transgenic plants, plant tissue, and propagation materials are disclosed that exhibit or convey increased resistance to pathogens of multiple higher-order phylogenetic lineages. The disclosed transgenic plants and plant tissues include plant cells containing a DNA construct encoding Gastrodia Anti-Fungal Protein (GAFP), also known as gastrodianin, an anti-fungal gene naturally occurring in a Chinese orchid, Gastrodia elata. Transgenic plants disclosed include herbaceous plants as well as woody plants, including fruit trees. Disclosed transgenic plants can also be beneficially utilized as rootstock, for instance rootstock for stone fruit crops such as peach, thereby conferring enhanced disease resistance to the rootstock without genetically altering the scion.
US07807866B2
The present invention relates generally to a process of producing transgenic plants and more particularly transgenic oil palm plants carrying exogenous genetic material which confers on said plants or cells of said plants particular phenotypic traits. The present invention further provides plant parts, reproductive material and plant products from the transgenic plants. The present invention particularly provides transgenic plants and even more particularly transgenic oil plants having beneficial and useful phenotypic characteristics not present at least to the same extent in non-transgenic plants of the same species. The present invention is further directed to oil, and particularly palm oil, having beneficial and desirable characteristics, produced by the transgenic plants made in accordance with the present invention.
US07807861B2
Absorbent articles such as disposable diapers, incontinent briefs, diaper holders, training pants, and the like, that provide dynamic fit about the wearer by the use of extensible, outwardly extending side panels. The side panel includes at least one discontinuity for dividing the tensile force extending the side panel into a waist-directing force and a leg-directing force. The waist-directing force is transmitted by the side panel to the waist area of the article to maintain the waist area in a snug, but comfortable, fit against the waist of the wearer. The leg-directing force is transmitted by the side panel to the leg cuff area of the article to prevent leakage between the leg cuff and the wearer's leg.
US07807859B2
The present invention provides a polymerization inhibitor preventing the self-polymerization of TFE and the generation of a modified polymer of a polymerization inhibitor in a distillation step, particularly in a rectification step, of TFE. The present invention provides a method of distilling tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor comprising a cyclohexadiene compound of the formula: R1-A-R2 wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R2 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and A is a cyclohexadiene ring. The cyclohexadiene compound is preferably α-terpinene or γ-terpinene.
US07807856B2
A process for producing a 2-benzylphenol compound represented by the following formula (2): wherein, R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be the same or different and are each independently hydrogen atom, alkyl group or the like; and R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are the same or different and are each independently hydrogen atom, alkyl group or the like, the process including reacting, in the presence of a dehydrogenating agent, a benzylidenecyclohexanone compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 have the same definitions as given above.
US07807853B2
A process for heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propylene to acrylic acid in the absence of propane as an inert diluent gas, in which, in the starting reaction gas mixture, cyclopropane is substantially avoided as an impurity and crude propylene is used additionally as a propylene source.
US07807843B2
The present invention relates to a 1-substituted-4-nitroimidazole compound represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof, (wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkoxy group-substituted lower alkyl group, a phenyl-lower alkoxy group-substituted lower alkyl group, a cyano-substituted lower alkyl group, a phenyl-lower alkyl group which may have lower alkoxy groups as the substituents in the phenyl ring or a group of the formula —CH2RA; X is a halogen atom or a group of the formula —S(O)n-R1) and method for preparing the same. The compound of the formula (1) is a useful compound as an intermediate for synthesis of various pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals, particularly, as intermediates for antitubercular agents.
US07807835B2
Compositions and methods for electrochemical detection of an analyte comprising a transition metal compound wherein M is a metallic element that can form a coordinate bond to nitrogen; R and R′ are coordinated to M at their nitrogen atoms; L is a linking ligand; Z is chlorine or bromine; m can be from 1 to 6 and X is an anion, or combination of anions, that balances the charge m. Also provided are electrochemical tags and methods of detection.
US07807829B2
The present invention is concerned with a process for the preparation of the compound {3-[2(R)-[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(tri-fluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]-3(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]methyl]-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]-triazol-1-yl}phosphonic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. This compound is useful as a substance P (neurokinin-1) receptor antagonist. In particular, the compound is useful e.g., in the treatment of emesis and inflammatory diseases.
US07807820B2
Efficient sequence specific gene silencing is possible through the use of siRNA technology. By selecting particular siRNAs by rational design, one can maximize the generation of an effective gene silencing reagent, as well as methods for silencing genes. Methods, compositions, and kits generated through rational design of siRNAs are disclosed including those directed to nucleotide sequences for BACE.
US07807819B2
Efficient sequence specific gene silencing is possible through the use of siRNA technology. By selecting particular siRNAs by rationale design, one can maximize the generation of an effective gene silencing reagent, as well as methods for silencing genes. Through these methodologies, one can select siRNA that target genes, including surviving.
US07807818B2
The invention relates to antisense oligonucleotidic sequences (ODN) against Smad7 suitably modified, and their uses in medical field as therapeutic biological agents, in particular in the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
US07807816B2
Antisense molecules capable of binding to a selected target site in the dystrophin gene to induce exon skipping are described.
US07807812B2
The present invention provides polynucleotide molecules isolated from Oryza sativa and Zea mays and useful for expressing transgenes in plants. The present invention also provides expression constructs containing the polynucleotide molecules useful for expressing transgenes in plants. The present invention also provides transgenic plants and seeds containing the polynucleotide molecules useful for expressing transgenes in plants.
US07807808B2
The invention relates to bacteria that have increased levels of protein secretion due to genetic modification, to nucleotide sequences and gene structures containing at least one gene coding for a SecA protein having increased levels of protein secretion, to a SecA having increased levels of protein secretion, and to a method for producing desired proteins using the inventive bacteria. The invention also relates to nucleic acids coding for a SecA protein having increased levels of protein secretion, containing a SecA gene sequence or allele, a SecA homologue or derivative, or nucleotide sequences hybridising therewith and comprising at least one mutation. Surprisingly, just one mutation in a nucleotide of a SecA gene leads to increased levels of protein secretion or to protein secretion for the first time.
US07807807B2
A method of modulation of synthesis capacity on and cleavage properties of synthetic oligomers from solid support is described. The method utilizes linker molecules attached to a solid surface and co-coupling agents that have similar reactivities to the coupling compounds with the surface functional groups. The preferred linker molecules provide an increased density of polymers and more resistance to cleavage from the support surface. The method is particularly useful for synthesis of oligonucleotides, oligonucleotides microarrays, peptides, and peptide microarrays. The stable linkers are also coupled to anchor molecules for synthesis of DNA oligonucleotides using on support purification, eliminating time-consuming chromatography and metal cation presence. Oligonucleotides thus obtained can be directly used for mass analysis, DNA amplification and ligation, hybridization, and many other applications.
US07807789B2
The invention discloses 168 novel phosphorylation sites identified in signal transduction proteins and pathways downstream of, and including, EGFR kinase, and provides phosphorylation-site specific antibodies and heavy-isotope labeled peptides (AQUA peptides) for the selective detection and quantification of these phosphorylated sites/proteins, as well as methods of using the reagents for such purpose. Among the phosphorylation sites identified are sites occurring in the following protein types: Actin Binding proteins, Adaptor/Scaffold proteins, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Cell Cycle Regulation proteins, Cytoskeletal proteins, DNA Binding and Replication Proteins, GTPase Activating proteins, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor proteins, Lipid Kinases, Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ligands, Protein Kinases, Receptor and Protein Phosphatases, Transcription Factor proteins, Tumor Suppressor proteins, and Vesicle proteins.
US07807785B2
The present invention provides novel androgen regulated nucleic acid molecules. Related polypeptides and diagnostic methods also are provided.
US07807784B2
Mutant LIGHT expressed in a tumor environment elicited high levels of chemokines and adhesion molecules, accompanied by massive infiltration of naïve T lymphocytes. Methods and compositions to elicit immune responses against tumors including tumor volume reduction and reduced metastasis using mutant LIGHT are disclosed.
US07807783B1
This invention provides a novel protein designated FADD, FADD fragments, and anti-FADD antibodies which are useful to modulate Fas-associated cellular functions such as apoptosis. Also provided are nucleic acid molecules coding for these proteins and antibodies as well as process for making these compositions. Further provided are diagnostic and therapeutic methods for these compositions.
US07807782B2
The invention relates to a method for linking two or more molecular substances, by means of adapter segments, which bring about a targeted interaction based upon the affinity of proline-rich amino acid sequences and protein domains of the type WW.
US07807781B2
A novel method of treating and preventing viral infection is provided. In particular a method of blocking viral infection facilitated by a serine proteolytic (SP) activity is disclosed, which consists of administering to a subject suffering or about to suffer from viral infection a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having a serine protease inhibitory or serpin activity. Among compounds are α1-antitrypsin (AAT), peptide derivatives from the carboxyterminal end of AAT, and man-made, synthetic compounds mimicking the action of such compounds. The preferred viral infections include retroviral infection such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
US07807772B2
Disclosed herein is a copolymer comprising isosorbide carbonate units and a polysiloxane block, wherein the copolymer comprises greater than or equal to 50 mol % isosorbide carbonate units.
US07807769B2
This invention relates to an isotactic propylene homopolymer having: more than 15 and less than 100 regio defects (sum of 2,1-erythro and 2,1-threo insertions and 3,1-isomerizations) per 10,000 propylene units; an Mw of 35000 g/mol or more; a peak melting temperature of greater than 149° C.; an mmmm pentad fraction of 0.85 or more; a heat of fusion of 80 J/g or more; and a peak melting temperature minus peak crystallization temperature (Tmp−Tcp) of less than or equal to (0.907 times Tmp) minus 99.64 (Tmp−Tcp<(0.907×Tmp)−99.64), as measured in ° C. on the homopolymer having 0 wt % nucleating agent.
US07807766B2
Polymers which are suitable for use in cleaning compositions are described. The polymers are comprised of at least three different monomers. The types of monomers and ratios of the monomers in the polymers are further disclosed. Cleaning compositions containing the polymers for treating various surfaces and for use in various applications are also provided.
US07807765B2
A latex copolymer composition comprising >5 wt % of polymerized units derived from a monomer X containing an unsaturated heterocycle, wherein the latex copolymer composition comprises ≦1,000 ppm of residual monomer X is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the latex copolymer compositions.
US07807763B2
A method for polymerizing conjugated diene monomer into polydienes, the method comprising: polymerizing conjugated diene monomer within a liquid-phase polymerization mixture that includes conjugated diene monomer, a lanthanide-based catalyst system, dicyclopentadiene or substituted dicyclopentadiene, and optionally organic solvent, with the proviso that the organic solvent, if present, is less than about 20% by weight based on the total weight of the polymerization mixture.
US07807762B2
The present invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising a novel structure of a Group 4 transition metal compound, to a method for preparing the same, and to a method for preparing a polyolefin using the catalyst composition. The method for preparing a polyolefin according to the present invention can be used for preparing a polyolefin having a high molecular weight and high copolymerizability with a high activity even at a high polymerization temperature and for preparing a polyolefin having a double composition distribution.
US07807761B2
Process and apparatus for gas-phase polymerization of olefin(s), including a fluid or stirred bed reactor, a bed level controller, and at least one conduit for withdrawing polymer, provided with an isolation valve. The conduit connects the side wall of the reactor to at least one uplift conduit, at least one recovery gas lock hopper equipped with a discharge valve, and at least one degassing chamber. At least one flushing device is provided for flushing the at least one uplift conduit.
US07807758B2
A method for preparing a defunctionalized alkylenedioxyheterocycle polymer or copolymer involves providing a polycarboxylic acid derivative functionalized alkylenedioxyheterocycle polymer or copolymer and transforming the polymer or copolymer into a defunctionalized alkylenedioxyheterocycle polymer or copolymer which is polyhydroxy, polythiol, polyamino, or polycarboxylic acid functionalized alkylenedioxyheterocycle polymer or copolymer. The monomers, homopolymers and copolymers for use in the method are new compositions of matter. The polymers containing polycarboxylic acid derivative functionalized alkylenedioxyheterocycle units are soluble polymers which are defunctionalized to yield insoluble polyhydroxy, polythiol, polyamino, or polycarboxylic acid functionalized alkylenedioxyheterocycle polymers. These polymers can be cast as films for use as: hole transport layers in organic light emitting diodes; active electrochrome in electrochromic windows, mirrors and displays; field effect transistors, supercapacitors, batteries, photovoltaic cells, and other electronic components; electronic paper; anti-stat conductors; and transparent conductors.
US07807750B2
A thermally-reactive polymer that forms a polymer-coupled reactive species upon heating is described and useful for forming coated surfaces. The polymer-coated surface has improved lubricity and passivity. A thermally-reactive quaternary amine-containing polymer was produced that provides passivity and anti-microbial activity.
US07807723B1
Water-free metal oxide colloids or metal oxide polymers of the formula [M(O)X3X4]n (1) in an aprotic, organic solvent or solvent mixture, wherein M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr or Hf; and X3 and X4 are independently O1/2, H, alkoxy (—OR), wherein R represents an organo radical having 1-20 C-atoms, alkyl having 1-20 C atoms or aryl having 6-C atoms, wherein the alkyl- or aryl radicals an include one or several other halogen substituents, selected from the group of F, Cl, Br or I; and n is from 10-1.000.000.
